Age of menarche in girls with sight organ diseases

ABSTRACT The paper attempts to clarify the reasons for sooner pubescence of girls with sight defects than that of their normally seeing peers. The age of menarche was considered depending on the degree of the sight impairment and the disease etiology as well as some selected factors of the socio-economic environment in the examined girls' families

Age of menarche in girls with cystic fibrosis.

Malnutrition, delayed growth and puberty are commonly observed in children suffering from cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess the age of menarche in girls with CF using status quo analysis. The relationship between types of CFTR mutations and onset of the first menstruation was also evaluated. Material was based on somatic data gathered from medical history records of 47 girls with cystic fibrosis, aged 11-18 years. All girls were patients of the Mother and Child Institute in Warsaw (Poland). Results: The age of menarche in the girls in the study group was 14.65+/-1.21 years. In comparison with the healthy child population, girls with cystic fibrosis experienced menarche with 2 years' delay. Menstruating girls were found to be statistically older and taller than their non-menstruating consorts. Regarding body mass and BMI, a marked tendency towards higher parameter values was noted in the menstruating group, although the differences did not reach statistical significance. A significant relationship between onset of menarche and type of CFTR mutation was found. Girls with cystic fibrosis enter puberty later than their peers, in spite of intensive medical care. The issue of growth and puberty in children with CF requires further detailed investigation under clinical and auxological aspects

Postural stability in patients with cystic fibrosis

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the postural stability in a group of patients with cystic fibrosis. Material and methods: The study included a group of 44 patients with cystic fibrosis with the analysis of parameters in the age groups under 16 years (mean 10,1 ± 3,6) and over 16 years (mean 23,6 ± 7,3). For stabilometric measurements, a two-plate CQ Stab posturograph and for body posture measurements Posturometr-S was used. Results: The mean value of the SP body balance COP index in the measurement with open eyes was 336,1 ± 123 mm in the younger group and 201,3 ± 47 mm in the older age group. The results differed significantly in the measurement with closed eyes in both age groups, similarily to the other indicators of the balance in the assessment for each planes. The indicators associated with the assessment of COP displacement significantly correlated negatively with the age of the subjects, where for the measurement with eyes closed this relationship was the highest in the group up to 16 years and was r = - 0,90 (p <0,0001) and the size of the chest kyphosis angle ( for the whole group: r = - 0,45, p = 0,002) and some indicators of the pulmonary system. The correlation value for FEV1% pred., for the whole group, was r = 0,41 (p = 0,005). It was observed that with the age of the subjects, the kyphosis angle increased (for the group > 16 years: r = 0,77, p <0,0001). Conclusions: The results of the study show that with age of the cf patients, changes in the spine in the sagittal plane, the parameters related to postural stability of the body may be improved

Growth and nutritional status in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Background: Growth retardation, delayed puberty and malnutrition are frequently observed in children suffering from cystic fibrosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate growth and nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis on the basis of body proportions and body mass index. Subjects and methods: Anthropometric data were collected from the medical histories of 62 patients treated in three cystic fibrosis treatment centers in Poland. Anthropometric parameters were expressed in terms of standard deviations away from age-specific and sex-specific reference means reported for the population of Poland. Two-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether the type of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation is correlated with age at the time of diagnosis and with body proportions. Results: The type of mutation was significantly correlated with height, weight and transverse chest width. Growth retardation was greater in subjects diagnosed before they were 3 years old than in subjects diagnosed later. The children had infantile body proportions. Their legs were short and their trunks were long in comparison to their height. Almost 40% of the subjects suffered from malnourishment. Conclusion: Further study is needed to determine how growth in children with cystic fibrosis is affected by clinical practice and socio-economic factors. © 2008 Informa UK Ltd.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Growth and development of children and youth with impairment of sight

1. Analysed children and youth with impairments of sight in comparison to normal peers indicated a deficit in height and weight. 2. Blind children are shorter than partially sighted children. 3. The girls with impairments of sight matured earlier then their peers from Wroclaw. More severe the impairment of sight is, earlier the age at menarche 4. The girls with acquired defects (in 80% preterm borns), though the shortest, matured the earliest from all studied girls. The age at menarche is a feature more likely to be influenced by the impairment factor and the severity impairment of sight than somatic features.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The long-lasting effect of early life family structure on social position, well-being, and biological condition in adulthood

AbstractBackground The absence of even one parent has short- and long-term effects on the child’s current and future health. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a long-term relationship between the type of family in which men were raised and an individual’s adult social position, well-being in adulthood and their biological condition regardless of social status in adulthood.Materials and methods Data for 4528 males, aged 25–80 years, were selected from the archives of the Lower Silesian Medical Centre in Wrocław, Poland. A total of 329 men declared that they grew up in incomplete families. Height, weight, % fat, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, blood parameters, and health of men who grew up in complete or incomplete families were compared.Results Growing up in an incomplete family reduced chances for better education, decreased life satisfaction in adulthood, and negatively affected the final height. After taking into account the education achieved, the effect persisted only for diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, and serum phosphorus levels.Conclusions Growing up in an incomplete family has a significant impact on male’s socioeconomic position (SES), life satisfaction, and final height. A poorer quality of diet is proposed as an early life risk factor for adult health

Sposób żywienia i jego związek z gęstością mineralną kości u dziewcząt i chłopców z mukowiscydozą

Background: Nutrition influence on cystic fibrosis (CF) patients survival is well documented and dietary therapy is one of basic elements of their treatment. Prolonged survival of CF patients might yet emerge comorbidities, which include bone mineral disease. The aim: The assessment of the dietary pattern and its relationship between bone density in boys and girls with cystic fibrosis. Material and methods: 89 patients aged 10-18 years from 3 Polish CF Centres were included into the study. To obtain a knowledge about quality of diet, a 3-day food record was assessed and percent of recommended for CF patients intake of energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus was counted. Bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine (L1-L4) was measured and expressed as a Z-score. To assess nutritional status, anthropometric measurements was evaluated (body weight, height and BMI). Descriptive methods, Mann-Whitney test, T-Student test, Spearman correlation and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: The patients with cystic fibrosis did not meet specific for CF nutritional guidelines. A deficiency in recommended intake was observed in energy (88%), protein (82%), calcium (78%) and vitamin D3 (71%). The intake of phosphorus was higher than recommended (142%). A nutritional status was significantly reduced, as compared with the reference group (p<0.001). Boys characterized significantly lower body weight (p=0.019) and height (p=0.036) than girls as well as worse caloric (p=0.023) and carbohydrates intake (p=0.005). However, girls had reduced vitamin D3 content in their diet (p<0.001). The bone mineral density in the whole group was reduced and Z-score amounted to -0.95±1.17. Tendency to decreasing of BMD with age was observed. BMI showed important correlation with bone mineral density both in girls (p<0.001) and in boys (p=0.020). Conclusion: CF patients do not follow specific for them dietary recommendations and essential differences were observed between girls and boys. Nutritional status (BMI) showed correlation with bone mineral density in CF patients. Therefore intensive nutritional therapy according to recommendations is needed.Wprowadzenie: Wpływ żywienia na długość życia chorych z mukowiscydozą (ang. Cystic Fibrosis − CF) jest dobrze udokumentowany, a postępowanie dietetyczne jest jednym z podstawowych elementów leczenia pacjentów z CF. Systematyczne wydłużanie się wieku przeżycia chorych może powodować ujawienie się niedoborów żywieniowych prowadzących do chorób towarzyszących, jakimi są m.in. zaburzenia w gospodarce mineralnej kości. Cel: Celem pracy była ocena sposobu żywienia dziewcząt i chłopców z mukowiscydozą i jego związku z gęstością mineralną kości. Materiał imetody: Do badania włączono 89 pacjentów wwieku 10-18 lat. Wcelu ustalenia jakości diety, oceniono sposób żywienia za pomocą zapisu 3-dniowych jadłospisów, obliczając procent realizacji zapotrzebowania zgodnie z rekomendacjami opracowanymi dla pacjentów z mukowiscydozą. Dotyczyło to pokrycia zapotrzebowania kalorycznego, białka, tłuszczu, węglowodanów, witaminy D3, wapnia i fosforu. Oceniono gęstość mineralną kości (Bone Mineral Density − BMD) w odcinku lędźwiowym (L1-L4). Wynik wyrażono, jako wartość standaryzowaną Z-score. W celu określenia stanu odżywienia dokonano pomiarów antropometrycznych (masa i wysokość ciała oraz BMI). Wykonano następujące obliczenia statystyczne: analizy opisowe, test Manna-Whitneya, test t-Studenta, korelację Spearmana, oraz jednoczynnikową analizę wariancji ANOVA. Wyniki: Badani pacjenci nie spełniali opracowanych dla chorych na mukowiscydozę zaleceń żywieniowych. W diecie zaobserwowano niedobory energii (88% normy), białka (82%), wapnia (78%) oraz witaminy D3 (71%). Wykazano nadmierne spożycie fosforu (142%). Stan odżywienia (parametry antropometryczne) badanej grupy był obniżony i w sposób statystycznie istotny różnił się od grupy referencyjnej (p<0,001). Chłopcy charakteryzowali się znacznie niższą masą ciała (p=0,019) iwysokością (p=0,036) niż dziewczęta, a także niższą kalorycznością diety (p=0,023) oraz zawartością węglowodanów (p=0,005). Dietę dziewcząt cechowała mniejsza zawartość witaminy D3 w diecie (p<0,001) w porównaniu do chłopców. Średnia wartość gęstości mineralnej kości w całej grupie była obniżona i wynosiła -0,95±1,17. Zaobserwowano tendencję do obniżania się BMD wraz z wiekiem. Stan odżywienia wyrażony jako BMI wykazał statystycznie istotną korelację z gęstością mineralną kości, zarówno u dziewcząt (p<0,001), jak i u chłopców (p=0,020). Wnioski: Pacjenci z CF nie przestrzegali opracowanych dla nich zaleceń dietetycznych. Zaobserwowano istotne różnice między dziewczętami i chłopcami. Stan odżywienia (BMI), wykazał korelację z gęstością mineralną kości (BMD), co wymaga intensywnej terapii żywieniowej, zgodnie z opracowanymi rekomendacjami