Od negacji do afirmacji. Poetyka negacji w wierszu Widok z ziarnkiem piasku Wisławy Szymborskiej i jego angielskim przekładzie Stanisława Barańczaka i Clare Cavanagh

The aim of this article is to analyse the poem Widok z ziarnkiem piasku by Wisława Szymborska and its translation into English by Stanisław Barańczak and Clare Cavanagh (View with a Grain of Sand), paying special attention to the key poetics of negation. The article focuses on the problem of “possible worlds.” Looked at from the point of view of linguistics, literary studies, and translation studies, the poem is demonstrative of the variety of forms of negation and their semantic functions used in Szymborska’s entire oeuvre. The conclusion is that Szymborska uses not only negations on the formal, i.e. grammatical level, but also on the semantic and pragmatic levels, and in this way conveys the main meanings of her poems. The analysis of the English translation shows that the role of negations is similar: the translators use numerous and various forms of formal and semantic negation, but they lack pragmatic negation. The translation thus lacks one of the most central messages of the poem: Szymborska values the richness of human existence much more than the empty existence of other beings

Elements of gamification in social marketing compaigns

The goal of this article is to present the essences of gamification and possibilities which are given by using it in the marketing work. Special attention was paid to activities of social marketing, which superior task is to pay direct attention to social problems, to change the social consciousness of given problem, to present the results of some behaviours and to support activities serving the change of attitudes

Environmentally friendly activities in sports and leisure services as an expression of the corporate social responsibility

Today’s economic reality requires entrepreneurs to introduce many changes, especially those of an organisational nature. The period following COVID-19 pandemic will require organizations to create new values, and a broader view of responsibility, to build mutual trust, and to adapt to the new reality. This paper introduces the principles of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), with a focus on ecology as one of the areas of CSR. It can be seen that the pandemic has accelerated environmental targets in many companies. This is due not only to the regulations aligned with the governmental environmental policy, but to an increasing extent also with changing social expectations. The aim of the article was to demonstrate the applicability of ecological, environment-friendly solutions as an example of CSR in the management of sports and leisure enterprises. CPOR studies show that most young people take responsibility for the state of their environment. The training of the test subjects also plays an important role here (CBOS, Environmental Awareness of Poland, 2020) It is assumed that the introduction of eco-friendly solutions in the operation of sports and leisure businesses is noticed and appreciated only by young participants in physical activity. The survey focuses on specific environmental solutions to create a socially responsible corporate image and how these companies operate in a changing environment. The results of the studies carried out for this paper are intended to help answer the question of the importance of emphasising environmental aspects and adapting to change by integrating eco-innovation into the CSR strategies of sports and leisure companies, whether these solutions are perceived by the purchasers of sports and leisure services, as they affect their image. and whether they lead to better relations with market participants

Sztuczne raje prawdopodobieństwa. O funkcjach negowania w wierszu pt. 'Dworzec' Wisławy Szymborskiej i jego angielskim przekładzie autorstwa Stanisława Barańczaka i Clare Cavanagh

The aim of this article is to interpret Szymborska’s poem entitled The Railroad Station and its English translation, from the point of view of the key poetics of negation. From the point of view of linguistics, literary studies, and translation studies, the poem is demonstrative of the variety of forms of negation and their semantic functions used in Szymborska’s entire oeuvre. The translators use numerous and various forms of formal and semantic negation as well, but they lack the central pragmatic negation. Szymborska doubts whether ‘our’ world is the best of possible worlds: since there is only one course of events, ‘the paradise of probability’ is ‘artificial’; the world is a burial ground of possibilities that did not come true

The promotion of phisical activity in shockvertising campaigns

Preferring passive life style and the problems with obesity eventuating from this fact, have become very common in many countries. According to research, the physical activity of Poles turns out to be under the average for EU countries. (Sport activity of Poles, 2015, p.3) The promotion of physical activity is one of the most important tasks of public health. The publicity of physical activity, habits of caring for health and wellbeing should be realized by national and local authorities, media and organisations connected w sport and recreation. Next, there are subjects providing sport recreation services, which use properly worked out marketing programs, apart from purely business goals, they can also become the promoters of physical activity. The aim of this article is to present shocking advertisement as the part of social campaigns influencing the changing the passive lifestyle for the active one. Shown in this article research was conducted among students of one university. The goal of research was the assessment of emotions which were aroused by showing examples of campaigns and their influence on the willingness to take up physical activities by the youth. The article contains the examples of campaigns and the results of research into using this kind of actions among young people. It was assumed, that the showing shocking messages concerning the consequences of lack physical activity, influences on taking up such activity by young people

Development of sustainable tourism in the eastern part of Poland

Sustainable tourism’s aim is to lower negative influence of tourism on environment. Development of such a tourism influences on local employment. Advantages of the development are aimed at local societies, tourism agencies and tour operators and also tourists themselves. Apart from that sustainable tourism does not disturb the natural environment and is environmentally friendly

Development of sustainable tourism in the eastern part of Poland on the example of bicycle green velo trail

Sustainable tourism’s aim is to lower negative influence of tourism on environment. Development of such a tourism influences on local employment. Advantages of the development are aimed at local societies, tourism agencies and tour operators and also tourists themselves. Apart from that sustainable tourism does not disturb the natural environment and is environmentally friendly. The World Tourism Organization defines sustainable tourism as a tourism that satisfies the needs of both tourists and tourist destinations, while protecting and promoting their future development. The main goal of sustainable tourism is to preserve the economic and social benefits of tourism while minimizing or mitigating adverse environmental, historical, cultural or social impacts. This goal is achieved by balancing the needs of tourists with the needs of tourist destinations. The most important documents defining the basis for sustainable tourism are: Agenda 21 and principles for sustainable development, UNCED, Rio de Janeiro Declaration, 1992, Global Code of Ethics in Tourism, WTO, 1999 and Cape Town Declaration. Responsible Tourism in Destinations, World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. (http://zb.eco.pl/publication/koncepcja-zrownowazonego-rozwoju-w-turystyce-p1338l1) Sustainable tourism goes side by side with ecotourism and heritage tourism. Many voivodeships in Poland have started to apply activities connected with sustainable tourism. The example of sustainable tourism is Green Velo Trail completed in Eastern Poland

Post-slaughter carcass evaluation in whiteheaded mutton sheep according to the EUROP classification

Analyses were conducted on 120 lambs of the whiteheaded mutton sheep (60 tup lambs and 60 ewe lambs). Lambs were weaned at the age of 60 ± 3 days. Lambs were fattened using pelleted balanced feed. 1 kg of feed contained 860 g dry matter, 147 g crude protein and 6.9 MJ (net energy). On the day of slaughter (100 ± 3 days), tup lambs weighed an average of 33.1 kg and ewe lambs weighed 31.0 kg. After slaughter, a point score conformation and fatness evaluation was performed according to the EUROP classification (E is excellent, U is very good, R is Good, O is fair and P is poor), carcass measurements were taken, and the tissue composition of the half-carcass was determined on the basis of complete dissection. In terms of conformation, the carcasses of tested lambs of both sexes were classified to three grades, that is, E: 14.2%, U: 60.8% and R: 25.0%, respectively. A total of 76.7% carcasses of tup lambs and 73.3% ewe carcasses were classified to two highest grades, that is E and U. In terms of fatness, carcasses were classified to 4 grades, denoting small and medium fatness, that is, 2: 15.0%, 3L: 56.7%, 3H: 20.0% and 4L: 8.3%. A higher number of carcasses with the most desirable degree of fatness (grades 2 and 3L), came from tup lambs (78.3%) than ewe lambs (65.0%). A comparison of the subjective EUROP classification with the results of evaluation based on measurements and complete dissection shows that when evaluating conformation, it was not possible to determine precisely the tissue composition of the carcass. In turn, fatness evaluation may be informative on tissue contents in the carcass.Keywords: Lamb, carcass composition, EUROP classificatio

Clinical outcomes and plasma clot permeability and lysability in patients with venous thromboembolism on rivaroxaban : a cohort study

Denser fibrin structure and impaired fibrinolysis reported in patients following venous thromboembolism (VTE) can predict recurrent VTE after cessation of anticoagulation. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the properties of fibrin clot may be useful in predicting adverse events in patients with VTE receiving rivaroxaban. In 132 patients with VTE treated with rivaroxaban for 8 weeks or longer, we determined plasma clot permeability ($K_{s}$) and clot lysis time (CLT) in blood samples collected 2 to 28 hours after rivaroxaban intake (20 mg/d). The primary endpoint was a composite of major and clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, while the secondary endpoint was recurrent symptomatic VTE. During a median follow‑up of 32 months, the annual rates of primary and secondary endpoints were 3.6% and 2.7%, respectively. There were no differences in $K_{s}$ and CLT between individuals who experienced the primary endpoint and the remainder. Patients with recurrent VTE had lower baseline $K_{s}$ (-26.7%) and prolonged CLT (+20.8%) on rivaroxaban, without differences in rivaroxaban concentrations at the time of blood collection. After adjustment for confounding factors, $K_{s}$ was the only predictor of VTE recurrence on rivaroxaban (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.06-0.94). Our study suggests that $K_{s}$ assessed on rivaroxaban may provide prognostic information about the risk of recurrent VTE in anticoagulated patients