1,189 research outputs found
Virtuous and Vicious Virtual Water Trade with Application to Italy
The current trade of agricultural goods, with connections involving all continents, entails for global exchanges of ‘‘virtual’’
water, i.e. water used in the production process of alimentary products, but not contained within. Each trade link translates
into a corresponding virtual water trade, allowing quantification of import and export fluxes of virtual water. The
assessment of the virtual water import for a given nation, compared to the national consumption, could give an
approximate idea of the country’s reliance on external resources from the food and the water resources point of view. A
descriptive approach to the understanding of a nation’s degree of dependency from overseas food and water resources is
first proposed, and indices of water trade virtuosity, as opposed to inefficiency, are devised. Such indices are based on the
concepts of self-sufficiency and relative export, computed systematically on all products from the FAOSTAT database, taking
Italy as the first case study. Analysis of time series of the self-sufficiency and relative export can demonstrate effects of
market tendencies and influence water-related policies at the international level. The goal of this approach is highlighting
incongruent terms in the virtual water balances by the viewpoint of single products. Specific products, which are here
referred to as ‘‘swap products’’, are in fact identified as those that lead to inefficiencies in the virtual water balance due to
their contemporaneously high import and export. The inefficiencies due to the exchanges of the same products between
two nations are calculated in terms of virtual water volumes. Furthermore, the cases of swap products are investigated by
computing two further indexes denoting the ratio of virtual water exchanged in the swap and the ratio of the economic
values of the swapped products. The analysis of these figures can help examine the reasons behind the swap phenomenon
in trade
Анализ способов и устройств для уплотнения мелкофракционных шихт
Выполнен анализ способов уплотнения мелкофракционных сыпучих
материалов. Предложена схема уплотнения на основе валковых прессов с
многоступенчатым уплотнением
Rokhlin Dimension for Flows
This research was supported by GIF Grant 1137/2011, SFB 878 Groups, Geometry and Actions and ERC Grant No. 267079. Part of the research was conducted at the Fields institute during the 2014 thematic program on abstract harmonic analysis, Banach and operator algebras, and at the Mittag–Leffler institute during the 2016 program on Classification of Operator Algebras: Complexity, Rigidity, and Dynamics.Peer reviewedPostprin
Characterizing extremal digraphs for identifying codes and extremal cases of Bondy's theorem on induced subsets
An identifying code of a (di)graph is a dominating subset of the
vertices of such that all distinct vertices of have distinct
(in)neighbourhoods within . In this paper, we classify all finite digraphs
which only admit their whole vertex set in any identifying code. We also
classify all such infinite oriented graphs. Furthermore, by relating this
concept to a well known theorem of A. Bondy on set systems we classify the
extremal cases for this theorem
Quantum state merging and negative information
We consider a quantum state shared between many distant locations, and define
a quantum information processing primitive, state merging, that optimally
merges the state into one location. As announced in [Horodecki, Oppenheim,
Winter, Nature 436, 673 (2005)], the optimal entanglement cost of this task is
the conditional entropy if classical communication is free. Since this quantity
can be negative, and the state merging rate measures partial quantum
information, we find that quantum information can be negative. The classical
communication rate also has a minimum rate: a certain quantum mutual
information. State merging enabled one to solve a number of open problems:
distributed quantum data compression, quantum coding with side information at
the decoder and sender, multi-party entanglement of assistance, and the
capacity of the quantum multiple access channel. It also provides an
operational proof of strong subadditivity. Here, we give precise definitions
and prove these results rigorously.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figure
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Immunogenicity of Infliximab in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Revised Dosing Considerations
OBJECTIVES: Infliximab (IFX), a monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha is a potent treatment option for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dosing regimens in children are extrapolated from adult data using a fixed, weight-based dose, which i
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