Effect of strain on hyperfine-induced hole-spin decoherence in quantum dots

We theoretically consider the effect of strain on the spin dynamics of a single heavy-hole (HH) confined to a self-assembled quantum dot and interacting with the surrounding nuclei via hyperfine interaction. Confinement and strain hybridize the HH states, which show an exponential decay for a narrowed nuclear spin bath. For different strain configurations within the dot, the dependence of the spin decoherence time $T_2$ on external parameters is shifted and the non-monotonic dependence of the peak is altered. Application of external strain yields considerable shifts in the dependence of $T_2$ on external parameters. We find that external strain affects mostly the effective hyperfine coupling strength of the conduction band (CB), indicating that the CB admixture of the hybridized HH states plays a crucial role in the sensitivity of $T_2$ on strain

Robust artifactual independent component classification for BCI practitioners

Objective. EEG artifacts of non-neural origin can be separated from neural signals by independent component analysis (ICA). It is unclear (1) how robustly recently proposed artifact classifiers transfer to novel users, novel paradigms or changed electrode setups, and (2) how artifact cleaning by a machine learning classifier impacts the performance of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). Approach. Addressing (1), the robustness of different strategies with respect to the transfer between paradigms and electrode setups of a recently proposed classifier is investigated on offline data from 35 users and 3 EEG paradigms, which contain 6303 expert-labeled components from two ICA and preprocessing variants. Addressing (2), the effect of artifact removal on single-trial BCI classification is estimated on BCI trials from 101 users and 3 paradigms. Main results. We show that (1) the proposed artifact classifier generalizes to completely different EEG paradigms. To obtain similar results under massively reduced electrode setups, a proposed novel strategy improves artifact classification. Addressing (2), ICA artifact cleaning has little influence on average BCI performance when analyzed by state-of-the-art BCI methods. When slow motor-related features are exploited, performance varies strongly between individuals, as artifacts may obstruct relevant neural activity or are inadvertently used for BCI control. Significance. Robustness of the proposed strategies can be reproduced by EEG practitioners as the method is made available as an EEGLAB plug-in.EC/FP7/224631/EU/Tools for Brain-Computer Interaction/TOBIBMBF, 01GQ0850, Verbundprojekt: Bernstein Fokus Neurotechnologie - Nichtinvasive Neurotechnologie für Mensch-Maschine Interaktion - Teilprojekte A1, A3, A4, B4, W3, ZentrumDFG, 194657344, EXC 1086: BrainLinks-BrainTool

Business Model Scenarios for Digital Textile Microfactories

In several industries the concept of Microfactories has been developed and their potentials are still subject of research and development. Also in the Textile and Clothing Industry this concept of a digitally networked end-to-end digital design and production process finds its first realizations in different applications. Such a Digital Textile Microfactory can cover a complete value creating chain comprising all design and production steps from the customer to the ready-made product. It relies on virtual models of the process steps involved, as well as of the materials, the products, and the customers. The digital backbone allows for speed, efficiency, high quality, and deep consumer interaction leading to a great innovation potential in a wide area of applications and Business Models. They range from B2B types, where they can support and speed up the prototyping phase of product development (sampling) up to B2C settings for the innovative production of individualized products, including reordering as well as event-driven production and locally centred production. But in spite of the potential benefits of a Digital Textile Microfactory, there are still just a few realizations seen in the industry due to investment risks and uncertainty with regards to new Business Models. The goal of this paper is to explore Business Model scenarios for a Digital Textile Microfactory that uses digital textile printing as a core process. We first describe the economic characteristics of the Textile and Clothing Industry, and then the digital technology and process underlying such a Digital Textile Microfactory. Based on this description, we then explore different B2B and B2C application scenarios – developed in previous European and German research projects – and settings for related Business Models

In vivo loading on the hip joint in patients with total hip replacement performing gymnastics and aerobics exercises

A further increase in the number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is predicted, in particular the number of young THA patients has raised and with it their demands. There is no standardized evidence-based rehabilitation program and no reliable guidelines for sports activities after THA. Stretching and strengthening gymnastics are routinely performed in rehabilitation and aerobics as a sport after THA. The aim of the investigation was to determine the in vivo force and moments acting on the hip prosthesis during gymnastics and aerobic exercises to provide a source for evidence-based recommendations. Hip joint loads were measured in six patients with instrumented hip implants. The resulting force F-Res, bending moment M-Bend at the neck and torsional moment M-Tors at the stem were examined during seven strengthening (with two different resistance bands) and four stretching gymnastic exercises and seven aerobic exercises with and without an aerobic step board compared to the loads during the reference activity walking. The stretching and strengthening gymnastics exercises and the aerobic exercises with and without a board demonstrated in their median peak force and moments mostly lower or similar values compared to walking. Significantly increased loads were recorded for the flexor stretching exercise in monopod stand (F-res and M-Bend), the strengthening abduction exercise on the chair (M-Tors) and the strengthening flexion exercise with the stronger resistance band (M-Tors). We also found a significant increase in median peak values in aerobic exercises with a board for the "Basic Step" (ipsilateral started F-res and M-Tors; contralateral started M-Tors), "Kickstep ipsilateral started" (F-res and M-Tors) and "Over the Top contralateral started" (F-res). The in vivo loads in THA patients during frequently performed stretching, strengthening and aerobic exercises were demonstrated for the first time. It was proved that stretching gymnastic exercises are safe in terms of resulting force, bending and torque moments for THA patients, although an external assistance for stabilization may be considered. Strengthening gymnastics exercises are reliable in terms of F-res, M-Bend and M-Tors, but, based on our data, we recommend to adhere to the communicated specific postoperative restrictions and select the resistance bands with lower tension. Aerobic exercises without an aerobic board can be considered as reliable activity in terms of force and moments for THA patients. Aerobic exercises with a board are not recommended for the early postoperative period and in our opinion need to be adapted to the individual muscular and coordinative resources

CK1δ in lymphoma: gene expression and mutation analyses and validation of CK1δ kinase activity for therapeutic application

The prognosis of lymphoid neoplasms has improved considerably during the last decades. However, treatment response for some lymphoid neoplasms is still poor, indicating the need for new therapeutic approaches. One promising new strategy is the inhibition of kinases regulating key signal transduction pathways, which are of central importance in tumorigenesis. Kinases of the CK1 family may represent an attractive drug target since CK1 expression and/or activity are associated with the pathogenesis of malignant diseases. Over the last years efforts were taken to develop highly potent and selective CK1-specific inhibitor compounds and their therapeutic potential has now to be proved in pre-clinical trials. Therefore, we analyzed expression and mutational status of CK1δ in several cell lines representing established lymphoma entities, and also measured the mRNA expression level in primary lymphoma tissue as well as in non-neoplastic blood cells. For a selection of lymphoma cell lines we furthermore determined CK1δ kinase activity and demonstrated therapeutic potential of CK1-specific inhibitors as a putative therapeutic option in the treatment of lymphoid neoplasm

Case report: Anti septin-5-encephalitis as a treatable cause of cerebellar ataxia and psychiatric symptoms

ObjectivesAnti-septin-5 encephalitis is a rare disease with only few published cases, mainly based on retrospective CSF and serum analyses. Predominant symptoms are cerebellar ataxia and oculomotor abnormalities. Due to the rareness of the disease, treatment recommendations are scarce. Herein, we prospectively describe the clinical course of a female patient with anti-septin-5 encephalitis.MethodsWe describe diagnostic workup, treatment and follow-up of a 54-year-old patient presenting with vertigo, unsteady gait, lack of drive and behavioral changes.ResultsClinical examination revealed severe cerebellar ataxia, saccadic smooth pursuit, upbeat-nystagmus, and dysarthria. Additionally, the patient presented with a depressive syndrome. MRI of the brain and spinal cord were normal. CSF analysis showed lymphocytic pleocytosis (11 cells/μl). Extensive antibody testing revealed anti septin-5 IgG in both CSF and serum without coexisting anti-neuronal antibodies. PET/CT detected no signs of malignancy. Corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and rituximab led to transient clinical improvement followed by relapse. Re-applied treatment with plasma exchange followed by bortezomib resulted in moderate but sustained clinical improvement.DiscussionAnti septin-5 encephalitis represents a rare but treatable and therefore relevant differential diagnosis in patients with cerebellar ataxia. Psychiatric symptoms can be observed in anti septin-5 encephalitis. Immunosuppressive treatment including bortezomib is moderately effective

Deciphering and modulating G protein signalling in C. elegans using the DREADD technology

G-protein signalling is an evolutionary conserved concept highlighting its fundamental impact on developmental and functional processes. Studies on the effects of G protein signals on tissues as well as an entire organism are often conducted in Caenorhabditis elegans. To understand and control dynamics and kinetics of the processes involved, pharmacological modulation of specific G protein pathways would be advantageous, but is difficult due to a lack in accessibility and regulation. To provide this option, we designed G protein-coupled receptor-based designer receptors (DREADDs) for C. elegans. Initially described in mammalian systems, these modified muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are activated by the inert drug clozapine N-oxide, but not by their endogenous agonists. We report a novel C. elegans-specific DREADD, functionally expressed and specifically activating Gq-protein signalling in vitro and in vivo which we used for modulating mating behaviour. Therefore, this novel designer receptor demonstrates the possibility to pharmacologically control physiological functions in C. elegans

Wie werden die KRINKO-Empfehlungen in der Fachöffentlichkeit wahrgenommen

Die Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) beim RKI erstellt gemäß § 23 IfSG Empfehlungen zur Prävention nosokomialer Infektionen sowie zu betrieblich-organisatorischen und baulich-funktionellen Maßnahmen der Hygiene in Krankenhäusern und anderen medizinischen Einrichtungen. Die Empfehlungen der KRINKO bilden somit die Grundlage für Maßnahmen zur Infektionsprävention und Kontrolle im Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland. Trotz ihrer grundlegenden Rolle gibt es jedoch bisher keine systematische Erhebung zu der Frage, wie und auf welchen Wegen die KRINKO-Empfehlungen ihre jeweiligen Zielgruppen erreichen, inwieweit die Empfehlungsdokumente von ihnen genutzt und nachvollzogen bzw. als Hilfestellung im Berufsalltag empfunden werden („Perzeption“). Daher wurden in einer Onlinebefragung vier Berufsgruppen, die sich in ihrem beruflichen Alltag mit Fragen der Infektionsprävention in Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens befassen, zu ihrer Perzeption der KRINKO-Empfehlungen befragt. Die Ergebnisse werden im vorliegenden Beitrag vorgestellt