Three siblings with Asperger syndrome: A family case study

Reports of multiple incidence of Asperger syndrome have suggested links between Asperger syndrome and autism. In this case study, we describe three siblings with Asperger syndrome based on the ICD-10 criteria. There was no family history of mental retardation or of autism. We propose that in some families, Asperger syndrome may occur as a distinct clinical entity and show no overlap with autism. Les publications sur l'incidence multiple du Syndrome d'Asperger ont suggéré des liens entre ce syndrome et l'autisme. Dans cette étude, nous décrivons 3 membres d'une même fratrie avec un Syndrome d'Asperger répondant aux critères d'l'ICD-10. Il n'yavait pas dans l'histoire familiale de retard mental ni d'autisme. Nous proposons que dans certaines familles le Syndrome d'Asperger peut survenir comme entité clinique distincte sand chevauchement avec l'autisme. Berichte über multiples Auftreten des Asperger-Syndroms haben Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Asperger-Syndrom und Autismus nahegelegt. In diesem Fallbericht beschreiben wir drei Geschwister mit einem Asperger-Syndrom (ICD-10-Kriterien). Die Familienanamnese im Hinblick auf geistige Behinderung oder Autismus war unauffällig. Wir schlagen vor, daß in einigen Familien das Asperger-Syndrom als eine eigenständige klinische Entität ohne Überlappung zum Autismus auftreten kann.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41755/1/787_2005_Article_BF02098829.pd

Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earth’s atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere

Treatment Outcomes of Patients With Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis According to Drug Susceptibility Testing to First- and Second-line Drugs: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis

The clinical validity of drug susceptibility testing (DST) for pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and second-line antituberculosis drugs is uncertain. In an individual patient data meta-analysis of 8955 patients with confirmed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, DST results for these drugs were associated with treatment outcome

The Earth: Plasma Sources, Losses, and Transport Processes

This paper reviews the state of knowledge concerning the source of magnetospheric plasma at Earth. Source of plasma, its acceleration and transport throughout the system, its consequences on system dynamics, and its loss are all discussed. Both observational and modeling advances since the last time this subject was covered in detail (Hultqvist et al., Magnetospheric Plasma Sources and Losses, 1999) are addressed

Positive-strand RNA viruses—a Keystone Symposia report

Positive-strand RNA viruses have been the cause of several recent outbreaks and epidemics, including the Zika virus epidemic in 2015, the SARS outbreak in 2003, and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. On June 18–22, 2022, researchers focusing on positive-strand RNA viruses met for the Keystone Symposium “Positive-Strand RNA Viruses” to share the latest research in molecular and cell biology, virology, immunology, vaccinology, and antiviral drug development. This report presents concise summaries of the scientific discussions at the symposium