3 research outputs found
Microstructure Analysis Of Thin-Films Deposited By Reactive Evaporation And By Reactive Ion Plating
Electron microscopy, stylusâtype surface profilometry, and Raman microprobe characterization show distinct differences between thin films deposited by reactive evaporation and by reactive ion plating. Reactive evaporation yields thin films with the wellâknown columnar microstructure with appreciable surface roughness and other deficiencies. Lowâvoltage, highâcurrent reactive ion plating deposition produces thin films which are smooth and dense. Crossâsection electron micrographs of ion plated coatings reveal a densely packed polycrystalline structure for ZrO2 , while TiO2 appears to form vitreous films. Molecular dynamics computer simulation of the film formation process is in good qualitative agreement with the experiments. The results suggest the expansion of the MovchanâDemchishin structure zone model with an additional zone 4 for the vitreous phase, resulting from superthermal film formation conditions (thermal spiking)
Associations Between Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain and Daughterâs Age at Menarche
Spirits, Ghosts, Atmospheres of Capital
To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association (GWA) studies (N=10,768 from European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy/birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N=19,089). Rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P=8.1Ă10(â9)), and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P=2.8Ă10(â10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height(1), their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P=3.8Ă10(â7) for rs7980687, P=1.3Ă10(â7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P=3.9Ă10(â6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal show genome-wide association with adult intra cranial volume(2), Parkinsonâs disease and other neurodegenerative diseases(3-5), indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life