2,074 research outputs found
Identification of nonlinear kinematic hardening parameters for sheet metal from biaxial loading tests
In this work an anisotropic material model at finite strains with nonlinear mixed (isotropic and kinematic) hardening is used for the identification of the hardening parameters of sheet steel. The algorithmic system is thereby reduced to a single equation return mapping. For the identification, a cruciform specimen is loaded biaxially in an alternating shear test to provoke the kinematic hardening behavior and prevent the sheet from buckling. The material parameters are found through an optimization strategy by comparing the deformation field from the experiment to that from a finite element (FE) simulation. The resulting cost function is minimized by means of a gradient-based method
Infrared astronomy research and high altitude observations
Highlights are presented of studies of the emission mechanisms in the 4 to 8 micron region of the spectrum using a circular variable filter wheel spectrometer with a PbSnTe photovoltaic detector. Investigations covered include the spectroscopy of planets, stellar atmospheres, highly obscured objects in molecular clouds, planetary nebulae, H2 regions, and extragalactic objects
Experimental characterization of a 400 Gbit/s orbital angular momentum multiplexed free-space optical link over 120 m
We experimentally demonstrate and characterize the
performance of a 400-Gbit/s orbital angular momentum
(OAM) multiplexed free-space optical link over 120-
meters on the roof of a building. Four OAM beams, each
carrying a 100-Gbit/s QPSK channel are multiplexed and
transmitted. We investigate the influence of channel
impairments on the received power, inter-modal
crosstalk among channels, and system power penalties.
Without laser tracking and compensation systems, the
measured received power and crosstalk among OAM
channels fluctuate by 4.5 dB and 5 dB, respectively, over
180 seconds. For a beam displacement of 2 mm that
corresponds to a pointing error less than 16.7 μrad, the
link bit-error-rates are below the forward error
correction threshold of 3.8×10-3 for all channels. Both
experimental and simulation results show that power
penalties increase rapidly when the displacement
increases
Abundances in galactic H2 regions, 3: G25.4-0.2, G45.5+0.06, M8, S159 and DR22
Measurements of the ARII (6.99 microns), ArIII (8.99 microns), NeII (12.81 microns), SIII (18.71 microns), and SIV (10.51 microns) lines are presented for five compact HII regions along with continuum spectroscopy. From these data and radio data, lower limits to the elemental abundances of Ar, S, and Ne were deduced. The complex G25.4-0.2 is only 5.5 kpc from the galactic center, and is considerably overabundant in all these elements. Complex G45.5+0.06 is at seven kpc from the galactic center, and appears to be approximately consistent with solar abundance. The complex S159 in the Perseus Arm, at 12 kpc from the galactic center, has solar abundance, while M8 in the solar neighborhood may be somewhat overabundant in Ar and Ne. Complex DR 22, at 10 kpc from the galactic center in the Cygnus Arm, is overabundant in Ar. A summary of results from a series of papers on abundances is given
Dynamic Response of Block Copolymer Wormlike Micelles to Shear Flow
The linear and non-linear dynamic response to an oscillatory shear flow of
giant wormlike micelles consisting of Pb-Peo block copolymers is studied by
means of Fourier transform rheology. Experiments are performed in the vicinity
of the isotropic-nematic phase transition concentration, where the location of
isotropic-nematic phase transition lines is determined independently. Strong
shear-thinning behaviour is observed due to critical slowing down of
orientational diffusion as a result of the vicinity of the isotropic- nematic
spinodal. This severe shear-thinning behaviour is shown to result in gradient
shear banding. Time-resolved Small angle neutron scattering experiments are
used to obtain insight in the microscopic phenomena that underly the observed
rheological response. An equation of motion for the order-parameter tensor and
an expression of the stress tensor in terms of the order-parameter tensor are
used to interpret the experimental data, both in the linear and non-linear
regime. Scaling of the dynamic behaviour of the orientational order parameter
and the stress is found when critical slowing down due to the vicinity of the
isotropic-nematic spinodal is accounted for.Comment: Accepted by J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, CODEF II Special Issue. 20
pages, 9 figure
Dynamic Response of Block Copolymer Wormlike Micelles to Shear Flow
The linear and non-linear dynamic response to an oscillatory shear flow of
giant wormlike micelles consisting of Pb-Peo block copolymers is studied by
means of Fourier transform rheology. Experiments are performed in the vicinity
of the isotropic-nematic phase transition concentration, where the location of
isotropic-nematic phase transition lines is determined independently. Strong
shear-thinning behaviour is observed due to critical slowing down of
orientational diffusion as a result of the vicinity of the isotropic- nematic
spinodal. This severe shear-thinning behaviour is shown to result in gradient
shear banding. Time-resolved Small angle neutron scattering experiments are
used to obtain insight in the microscopic phenomena that underly the observed
rheological response. An equation of motion for the order-parameter tensor and
an expression of the stress tensor in terms of the order-parameter tensor are
used to interpret the experimental data, both in the linear and non-linear
regime. Scaling of the dynamic behaviour of the orientational order parameter
and the stress is found when critical slowing down due to the vicinity of the
isotropic-nematic spinodal is accounted for.Comment: Accepted by J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, CODEF II Special Issue. 20
pages, 9 figure
Dust Properties and Star-Formation Rates in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies
We have used the Spitzer Space Telescope to study the dust properties of a
sample of star-forming dwarf galaxies. The differences in the mid-infrared
spectral energy distributions for these galaxies which, in general, are low
metallicity systems, indicate differences in the physical properties, heating,
and/or distribution of the dust. Specifically, these galaxies have more hot
dust and/or very small grains and less PAH emission than either spiral or
higher luminosity starburst galaxies. As has been shown in previous studies,
there is a gradual decrease in PAH emission as a function of metallicity.
Because much of the energy from star formation in galaxies is re-radiated in
the mid-infrared, star-formation rate indicators based on both line and
continuum measurements in this wavelength range are coming into more common
usage. We show that the variations in the interstellar medium properties of
galaxies in our sample, as measured in the mid-infrared, result in over an
order of magnitude spread in the computed star-formation rates.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, ApJ accepte
Molecular observation of contour-length fluctuations limiting topological confinement in polymer melts
In order to study the mechanisms limiting the topological chain confinement in polymer melts, we have performed neutron-spin-echo investigations of the single-chain dynamic-structure factor from polyethylene melts over a large range of chain lengths. While at high molecular weight the reptation model is corroborated, a systematic loosening of the confinement with decreasing chain length is found. The dynamic-structure factors are quantitatively described by the effect of contour-length fluctuations on the confining tube, establishing this mechanism on a molecular level in space and time
The AGN Contribution to the Mid-IR Emission of Luminous Infrared Galaxies
We determine the contribution of AGN to the mid-IR emission of luminous
infrared galaxies (LIRGs) at z>0.6 by measuring the mid-IR dust continuum slope
of 20,039 mid-IR sources. The 24 micron sources are selected from a
Spitzer/MIPS survey of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey Bo\"otes field and have
corresponding 8 micron data from the IRAC Shallow Survey. There is a clear
bimodal distribution in the 24 micron to 8 micron flux ratio. The X-ray
detected sources fall within the peak corresponding to a flat spectrum in
nufnu, implying that it is populated by AGN-dominated LIRGs, whereas the peak
corresponding to a higher 24 micron to 8 micron flux ratio is likely due to
LIRGs whose infrared emission is powered by starbursts. The 24 micron emission
is increasingly dominated by AGN at higher 24 micron flux densities (f_24): the
AGN fraction of the z>0.6 sources increases from ~9% at f_24 ~ 0.35 mJy to
74+/-20% at f_24 ~ 3 mJy in good agreement with model predictions. Deep 24
micron, small area surveys, like GOODS, will be strongly dominated by starburst
galaxies. AGN are responsible for ~ 3-7% of the total 24 micron background.Comment: 6 pages, accepted for publication in Ap
Spitzer IRS Spectra of Optically Faint Infrared Sources with Weak Spectral Features
Spectra have been obtained with the low-resolution modules of the Infrared
Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer) for 58 sources
having f(24 micron) > 0.75 mJy. Sources were chosen from a survey of
8.2 deg within the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey region in Bootes (NDWFS)
using the Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Most sources are optically very faint (I > 24mag). Redshifts have previously
been determined for 34 sources, based primarily on the presence of a deep 9.7
micron silicate absorption feature, with a median z of 2.2. Spectra are
presented for the remaining 24 sources for which we were previously unable to
determine a confident redshift because the IRS spectra show no strong features.
Optical photometry from the NDWFS and infrared photometry with MIPS and the
Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope (IRAC) are given, with K
photometry from the Keck I telescope for some objects. The sources without
strong spectral features have overall spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and
distributions among optical and infrared fluxes which are similar to those for
the sources with strong absorption features. Nine of the 24 sources are found
to have feasible redshift determinations based on fits of a weak silicate
absorption feature. Results confirm that the "1 mJy" population of 24 micron
Spitzer sources which are optically faint is dominated by dusty sources with
spectroscopic indicators of an obscured AGN rather than a starburst. There
remain 14 of the 58 sources observed in Bootes for which no redshift could be
estimated, and 5 of these sources are invisible at all optical wavelengths.Comment: Accepted by Ap
- …