Optimalisasi Penempatan Proses Preparation pada Divisi Pembuatan Kulkas dengan Mempertimbangkan Metode Algoritma Dijkstra pada PT Hartono Istana Teknologi

Meningkatnya suatu kapasitas suatu produksi berbanding lurus dengan Perubahan layout lantai produksi dalam sebuah pabrik. Perubahan layout untuk menambah kapasitas produksi terjadi pada PT Hartono Istana Teknologi dengan menambah mesin Printing untuk divisi Kulkas. Dampak dari penambahan mesin printing baru menyebabkan stasiun kerja preparation yang awalnya di gedung preparation lantai 1 dekat dengan mesin printing harus dipindah menjadi di gedung Preparation lantai dua atau Gedung N3. Pemindahan lokasi stasiun kerja preparation harus optimal dari segi jarak, waktu dan frekuensi pengiriman. Jika sebuah stasiun kerja yang lokasi nya berjauhan dengan lokasi stasiun kerja lainnya, maka dapat menyebabkan waktu pengiriman akan semakin lama dan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya bottleneck di stasiun kerja lainnya. Pada penelitian ini, untuk mengoptimalkan pemilihan lokasi yang akan djiadikan sebagai tempat untuk stasiun kerja preparation yaitu algoritma djikstrak. Algoritma djikstrak akan memperhitungkan jarak perpindahan yang paling minimum. Berdasarkan perhitungan algoritma Djikstrik, lokasi paling optimum yaitu berada di gedung N3 dengan total penggunaan forklift selaama 29,80 menit. Tetapi berdasarkan perancangan workplace di gedung N3 untuk stasiun preparation, maka frekuensi pemindahan jadi dua kali lebih banyak dari pada lokasi preparation di gedung preparation lantai dua dikarenakan tempat yang tidak terlalu luas. Sehingga lokasi optimal baik dari segi penggunaan forklift dan juga waktu pengiriman beserta lokasi yang dapat memenuhi raw material dan sub assembly yaitu di gedung preparation lantai 2. Optimization Selecting Of Preparation Process In Refrigerator Division Using Dijkstra Algorithm In PT Hartono Istana Teknologi. Increasing a capacity of a production is directly proportional to changes in the floor layout of production in a factory. Changed a layout of the shop floor to increase a production capacity occurred in PT Hartono Istana Teknologi with adding machine Fridge Printing division. The impact for addition of a new printing machine in building preparation at first floor is to move the preparation stations into the second floor in the preparation building or N3 Building. Relocated the preparation stations have to be optimal in a distance, time and frequency of delivery. If a work station is to far with another work stations, it can make the delivery time will longer and a bottleneck in the other work stations. In this study, to selected the optimum location for work stasion of preparation is Dijkstra Algorithm. Dijkstra algorithm will accounting the minimum distance for the transfer. Based on the calculation of Dijkstra Algorithm, N3 building is the optimum location with 29,80 minutes for forklift time. But based on the design of workplace in the building N3 for preparation station, the frequency of transfer is two times more than at the preparation location at preparation building because is not enough space.. Based on the forklift utility and delivery time for transfer the raw material and sub assembly, thus the optimum location at second floor of preparation buildin

Fast Bowler’s knee – anteromedial articular impingement

Purpose: To describe a series of impingement lesions found on the anterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle in international cricketers. Methods: Seven international level fast bowlers presented to our clinic with knee pain in the lead leg between 2005 and 2013. The mean age of the patients was 26.7 years (20–29 years). In all patients a careful history and examination was undertaken followed by appropriate investigations. Conservative management and arthroscopic surgery were performed on these cases. We aimed for a pain free quiet knee with resolved oedema on MRI and return to sport. Results: MRI images showed oedema in the medial femoral condyle in all patients and 4 patients also had associated cartilage loss. These 4 patients underwent arthroscopic surgery whereas the other 3 were less symptomatic and were managed conservatively. All patients returned to international cricket at an average of 6 months in the non-operative group and 8 months in the operative group. Conclusion: Anterior impingement of the anteromedial femoral condyle can be a potentially serious lesion in the fast bowler. A strong index of suspicion regarding this lesion has to be exercised when a fast bowler attends with knee pain and effusion

Spatial Guilds in the Serengeti Food Web Revealed by a Bayesian Group Model

Food webs, networks of feeding relationships among organisms, provide fundamental insights into mechanisms that determine ecosystem stability and persistence. Despite long-standing interest in the compartmental structure of food webs, past network analyses of food webs have been constrained by a standard definition of compartments, or modules, that requires many links within compartments and few links between them. Empirical analyses have been further limited by low-resolution data for primary producers. In this paper, we present a Bayesian computational method for identifying group structure in food webs using a flexible definition of a group that can describe both functional roles and standard compartments. The Serengeti ecosystem provides an opportunity to examine structure in a newly compiled food web that includes species-level resolution among plants, allowing us to address whether groups in the food web correspond to tightly-connected compartments or functional groups, and whether network structure reflects spatial or trophic organization, or a combination of the two. We have compiled the major mammalian and plant components of the Serengeti food web from published literature, and we infer its group structure using our method. We find that network structure corresponds to spatially distinct plant groups coupled at higher trophic levels by groups of herbivores, which are in turn coupled by carnivore groups. Thus the group structure of the Serengeti web represents a mixture of trophic guild structure and spatial patterns, in contrast to the standard compartments typically identified in ecological networks. From data consisting only of nodes and links, the group structure that emerges supports recent ideas on spatial coupling and energy channels in ecosystems that have been proposed as important for persistence.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures (+ 3 supporting), 2 tables (+ 4 supporting

Implementation of U.K. Earth system models for CMIP6

We describe the scientific and technical implementation of two models for a core set of experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The models used are the physical atmosphere-land-ocean-sea ice model HadGEM3-GC3.1 and the Earth system model UKESM1 which adds a carbon-nitrogen cycle and atmospheric chemistry to HadGEM3-GC3.1. The model results are constrained by the external boundary conditions (forcing data) and initial conditions.We outline the scientific rationale and assumptions made in specifying these. Notable details of the implementation include an ozone redistribution scheme for prescribed ozone simulations (HadGEM3-GC3.1) to avoid inconsistencies with the model's thermal tropopause, and land use change in dynamic vegetation simulations (UKESM1) whose influence will be subject to potential biases in the simulation of background natural vegetation.We discuss the implications of these decisions for interpretation of the simulation results. These simulations are expensive in terms of human and CPU resources and will underpin many further experiments; we describe some of the technical steps taken to ensure their scientific robustness and reproducibility

Promoting Physical Activity with Hard-to-Reach Women: An Iterative and Participatory Research Study

Approximately half of all UK women are insufficiently physically active, with the lowest activity rates among ‘Hard-to-Reach’ or unreached women. In this article, Kathryn Brook, Dr Andy Pringle FRSPH, Dr Jackie Hargreaves and Dr Nicky Kime of Leeds Beckett University outline their research into developing methods to assess and meet the needs of ‘Hard-to-Reach’ women in needs-led and person-centred interventions

Speed breeding is a powerful tool to accelerate crop research and breeding

The growing human population and a changing environment have raised significant concern for global food security, with the current improvement rate of several important crops inadequate to meet future demand1. This slow improvement rate is attributed partly to the long generation times of crop plants. Here, we present a method called ‘speed breeding’, which greatly shortens generation time and accelerates breeding and research programmes. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 6 generations per year for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum), and 4 generations for canola (Brassica napus), instead of 2–3 under normal glasshouse conditions. We demonstrate that speed breeding in fully enclosed, controlled-environment growth chambers can accelerate plant development for research purposes, including phenotyping of adult plant traits, mutant studies and transformation. The use of supplemental lighting in a glasshouse environment allows rapid generation cycling through single seed descent (SSD) and potential for adaptation to larger-scale crop improvement programs. Cost saving through light-emitting diode (LED) supplemental lighting is also outlined. We envisage great potential for integrating speed breeding with other modern crop breeding technologies, including high-throughput genotyping, genome editing and genomic selection, accelerating the rate of crop improvement

Synthesis of the land carbon fluxes of the Amazon region between 2010 and 2020

The Amazon is the largest continuous tropical forest in the world and plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. Human-induced disturbances and climate change have impacted the Amazon carbon balance. Here we conduct a comprehensive synthesis of existing state-of-the-art estimates of the contemporary land carbon fluxes in the Amazon using a set of bottom-up methods (i.e., dynamic vegetation models and bookkeeping models) and a top-down inversion (atmospheric inversion model) over the Brazilian Amazon and the whole Biogeographical Amazon domain. Over the whole biogeographical Amazon region bottom-up methodologies suggest a small average carbon sink over 2010-2020, in contrast to a small carbon source simulated by top-down inversion (2010-2018). However, these estimates are not significantly different from one another when accounting for their large individual uncertainties, highlighting remaining knowledge gaps, and the urgent need to reduce such uncertainties. Nevertheless, both methodologies agreed that the Brazilian Amazon has been a net carbon source during recent climate extremes and that the south-eastern Amazon was a net land carbon source over the whole study period (2010-2020). Overall, our results point to increasing human-induced disturbances (deforestation and forest degradation by wildfires) and reduction in the old-growth forest sink during drought

Effects of a home-based intervention on diet and physical activity behaviours for rural adults with or at risk of metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine whether a home-based 6-month lifestyle intervention program complemented by motivational interviewing could improve diet and physical activity behaviours in 50-69 year olds with or at risk of metabolic syndrome, residing in a disadvantaged rural Western Australian community. METHODS: Participants from the City of Albany and surrounding towns (n?=?401) were recruited into a 6 month randomised controlled trial. They were screened for metabolic syndrome and randomly allocated to intervention (n?=?201) or control group (n?=?200). Baseline and post-test data collection for both groups included a self-report questionnaire which incorporated the Fat and Fibre Barometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. The intervention group received the program materials at baseline and the control group was waitlisted. Generalised estimating equation models assessed repeated outcome measures over time. RESULTS: A total of 151 (75.1 %) intervention and 159 (79.5 %) control group participants completed post-test and were included in the analysis. After controlling for confounders, the intervention group achieved a marginally significant increase in their metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week (p?=?0.049), and significantly improved fibre intake (p?<?0.001), fat intake (p?=?0.003), and vegetable serves per day (p?=?0.002) from baseline to post-test relative to the control group. CONCLUSION: A home-based, low-cost intervention with motivational support can effectively improve the physical activity and dietary behaviours of adults aged 50-69 years with or at risk of metabolic syndrome residing in a disadvantaged rural area. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12614000512628