Die soziale Lage von Film- und Fernsehschauspieler/innen in Deutschland

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die soziale Lage der Film- und Fernsehschauspieler/innen in Deutschland. Anhand der Daten einer quantitativen Befragung von Mitgliedern des Berufsverbands der Film- und Fernsehschauspieler/innen (BFFS) werden die Beschäftigungs- und Einkommenssituation, die Lebenszufriedenheit und die Einbindung in die Arbeitslosenversicherung analysiert. Vor dem Hintergrund der sich in den Ergebnissen der Analyse abzeichnenden problematischen Einbindung in die Arbeitslosenversicherung wird abschließend die allgemeine Integration der Wissens- und Kreativarbeitenden in das System der gesetzlichen Sozialversicherungen diskutiert.This article describes the social situation of movie and TV actors and actresses. Using data of a survey on members of the German association of film and TV actors and actresses (BFFS) we are analyzing their employment and income situation, their life satisfaction and their integration into the unemployment insurance. The results of the analysis concerning the integration into the unemployment insurance are discussed as an example for the general mismatch between the structure of the German social security system and the employment patterns of knowledge workers and creative professionals

The identification of post-starburst galaxies at z∼1 using multiwavelength photometry: a spectroscopic verification

Despite decades of study, we still do not fully understand why some massive galaxies abruptly switch off their star formation in the early Universe, and what causes their rapid transition to the red sequence. Post-starburst galaxies provide a rare opportunity to study this transition phase, but few have currently been spectroscopically identified at high redshift (z > 1). In this paper, we present the spectroscopic verification of a new photometric technique to identify post-starbursts in high-redshift surveys. The method classifies the broad-band optical–nearinfrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies using three spectral shape parameters (supercolours), derived from a principal component analysis of model SEDs. When applied to the multiwavelength photometric data in the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey, this technique identified over 900 candidate post-starbursts at redshifts 0.5 5 angstrem) and Balmer break, characteristic of post-starburst galaxies.We conclude that photometric methods can be used to select large samples of recently-quenched galaxies in the distant Universe

The clustering of X-ray AGN at 0.5 < z < 4.5 : host galaxies dictate dark matter halo mass

We present evidence that active galactic nuclei (AGN) do not reside in 'special' environments, but instead show large-scale clustering determined by the properties of their host galaxies. Our study is based on an angular cross-correlation analysis applied to X-ray selected AGN in the COSMOS and UDS fields, spanning redshifts from z ∼ 4.5 to z ∼ 0.5. Consistent with previous studies, we find that AGN at all epochs are on average hosted by galaxies in dark matter haloes of 1012-1013 M⊙, intermediate between star-forming and passive galaxies. We find, however, that the same clustering signal can be produced by inactive (I.e. non-AGN) galaxies closely matched to the AGN in spectral class, stellar mass, and redshift. We therefore argue that the inferred bias for AGN lies in between the star-forming and passive galaxy populations because AGN host galaxies are comprised of a mixture of the two populations. Although AGN hosted by higher mass galaxies are more clustered than lower mass galaxies, this stellar mass dependence disappears when passive host galaxies are removed. The strength of clustering is also largely independent of AGN X-ray luminosity. We conclude that the most important property that determines the clustering in a given AGN population is the fraction of passive host galaxies. We also infer that AGN luminosity is likely not driven by environmental triggering, and further hypothesize that AGN may be a stochastic phenomenon without a strong dependence onenvironment.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Massive post-starburst galaxies at z > 1 are compact proto-spheroids

We investigate the relationship between the quenching of star formation and the structural transformation of massive galaxies, using a large sample of photometrically-selected poststarburst galaxies in the UKIDSS UDS field. We find that post-starburst galaxies at highredshift (z > 1) show high Sérsic indices, significantly higher than those of active star-forming galaxies, but with a distribution that is indistinguishable from the old quiescent population. We conclude that the morphological transformation occurs before (or during) the quenching of star formation. Recently quenched galaxies are also the most compact; we find evidence that massive post-starburst galaxies (M_ > 1010:5 M_) at high redshift (z > 1) are on average smaller than comparable quiescent galaxies at the same epoch. Our findings are consistent with a scenario in which massive passive galaxies are formed from three distinct phases: (1) gas-rich dissipative collapse to very high densities, forming the proto-spheroid; (2) rapid quenching of star formation, to create the “red nugget” with post-starburst features; (3) a gradual growth in size as the population ages, perhaps as a result of minor mergers

The role of chemokines in cervical cancers

Both clinical-pathological and experimental studies have shown that chemokines play a key role in activating the immune checkpoint modulator in cervical cancer progression and are associated with prognosis in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. Therefore, a clear understanding of chemokines and immune checkpoint modulators is essential for the treatment of this disease. This review discusses the origins and categories of chemokines and the mechanisms that are responsible for activating immune checkpoints in cervical dysplasia and cancer, chemokines as biomarkers, and therapy development that targets immune checkpoints in cervical cancer research

Bürgerinitiativen gegen die Errichtung forensischer Psychiatrien in der Bevölkerungseinschätzung: Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie

'Im Rahmen der hier vorgelegten Studie geht es um zwei Fragen: (1) Wie werden Bürgerinitiativen, die sich gegen die Einrichtung von forensischen Kliniken richten bzw. bestimmte Auflagen fordern, durch die Bevölkerung bewertet und wie stabil ist diese Bewertung im Zeitverlauf? (2) Welche soziodemographischen Merkmale und Einstellungsstrukturen kennzeichnen Personen, die Verständnis für diese Bürgerinitiativen haben? In einer westfälischen Großstadt wurden mittels telefonischer Befragung 728 (I. Welle), 754 (2. Welle), 730 (3. Welle) und 1056 Personen (4. Welle) hinsichtlich soziodemographischer Merkmale und spezifischer Einstellungen gegenüber der Einrichtung einer forensischen Psychiatrie befragt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Sympathie für die Bürgerinitiative weitgehend davon abhängig ist, ob die Befragten eine Beeinträchtigung der Wohnqualität erwarten. Die Einstellung gegenüber psychisch kranken und geistig behinderten Straftätern scheint von ähnlichen Faktoren abhängig zu sein wie auch die Haltung gegenüber psychisch kranken Menschen, die nicht straffällig geworden sind.' (Autorenreferat)'This study addresses two issue concerning citizens' engagement with and protest against the establishment of forensic psychiatric institutions. (1) How does the public perceive local pressure groups opposing the establishment of forensic hospitals and issues related to their demands, and how do such perceptions develop over time. (2) Which sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes are related to sympathizing with the cause of such groups? In a city in Westphalia, three waves of telephone interviews were conducted with 728 subjects in the first wave, 754 subjects in the second wave, 730 in the third and 1056 in the final wave. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes toward forensic psychiatric institutions were collected. Sympathy and support for the cause of the group largely depended on expectations of the subjects that their level of residential quality and quality of life would be reduced through the presence of such an institution. Attitudes towards mentally ill and mentally challenged offenders are basically shaped by the same general patterns as for attitudes toward the non-delinquent mentally ill.' (author's abstract)

Elderly and patients with large breast volume have an increased risk of seroma formation after mastectomy — results of the SerMa pilot study

The collective of the SerMa pilot study included 100 cases of primary breast cancer or Carcinoma in situ who had undergone a mastectomy procedure with or without reconstruction of the breast using an implant or expander at Augsburg University Hospital between 12/2019 and 12/2022. The study aimed to investigate possible causes of seroma formation; reported here are the clinicopathological correlations between seroma formation and tumor biology and surgical procedures. Seroma occurred significantly more often in patients with older age (median patient age in cases with seroma was 73 years vs. 52 years without seroma; p < 0.001). In addition, patients with larger mastectomy specimen were significantly more likely to develop seroma (median ablation weight in cases with seroma 580 g vs. 330 g without seroma; p < 0.001). Other significant parameters for seroma formation were BMI (p = 0.005), grading (p = 0.015) and tumor size (p = 0.036). In addition, with insertion of implant or expander, a seroma occurred significantly less frequently (p < 0.001). In a binary logistic regression, age in particular was confirmed as a significant risk factor. In contrast, tumor biological characteristics, number of lymph nodes removed or affected showed no significant effect on seroma formation. The present study shows the need for patient education about the development of seroma in particular in older patients and patients with large breast volumes within the preoperative surgical clarification. These clinicopathological data support the previously published results hypothesizing that seroma formation is related to autoimmune/inflammatory processes and will be tested on a larger collective in the planned international multicenter SerMa study

Compact star-forming galaxies preferentially quenched to become PSBs in z < 1 clusters

MS acknowledges support from IAC and STFC. VW acknowledges support from the European Research Council Starting grant (SEDmorph, P.I. V. Wild).We analyse the structure of galaxies with high specific star formation rate (SSFR) in cluster and field environments in the redshift range 0.5 < z < 1.0. Recent studies have shown that these galaxies are strongly depleted in dense environments due to rapid environmental quenching, giving rise to post-starburst galaxies (PSBs). We use effective radii and Sérsic indices as tracers of galaxy structure, determined using imaging from the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS). We find that the high-SSFR galaxies that survive into the cluster environment have, on average, larger effective radii than those in the field. We suggest that this trend is likely to be driven by the most compact star-forming galaxies being preferentially quenched in dense environments. We also show that the PSBs in clusters have stellar masses and effective radii that are similar to the missing compact star-forming population, suggesting that these PSBs are the result of size-dependent quenching. We propose that both strong stellar feedback and the stripping of the extended halo act together to preferentially and rapidly quench the compact and low-mass star-forming systems in clusters to produce PSBs. We test this scenario using the stacked spectra of 124 high-SSFR galaxies, showing that more compact galaxies are more likely to host outflows. We conclude that a combination of environmental and secular processes is the most likely explanation for the appearance of PSBs in galaxy clusters.PostprintPeer reviewe

The structure of post-starburst galaxies at 0.5 < z < 2: evidence for two distinct quenching routes at different epochs

We present an analysis of the structure of post-starburst (PSB) galaxies in the redshift range 0.5 1), PSBs are typically massive (M* > 10^10 Msun), very compact and exhibit high Sérsic indices, with structures that differ significantly from their star-forming progenitors but are similar to massive passive galaxies. In contrast, at lower redshift (0.5 1 have been recently quenched during a major disruptive event (e.g. merger or protogalactic collapse) that formed a compact remnant, while at z < 1 an alternative less disruptive process is primarily responsible. Our results suggest that high-z PSBs are an intrinsically different population to those at lower redshifts, and indicate different quenching routes are active at different epochs