Analysis of interference to cable television due to mobile usage in the Digital Dividend

The start of use of mobile applications in the 800 MHz band, which forms part of the ‘Digital Dividend’, will cause interference to TV signals under certain conditions. The new mobile applications (called LTE, Long Term Evolution) use frequencies also used in cable TV networks. This report examines how much interference may occur when providing digital television over cable networks

Botanical ecology and conservation of the laguna de la herrera (sabana de bogotá, colombia)

Se estudió la vegetación alrededor de la Laguna de La Herrera, una laguna andina a 2550 m. Se diferenciaron una comunidad de Phytolacca bogotensis (1): comunidades helofíticas dominadas por: Scirpus californicus y Typha angustifolia (2); Scirpus californicus (3); Polygonum punctatum (4); Rumex obtusifolius y Polygonum punctatum (5); Bidens laevis (6); Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (7); comunidades pleustofíticas con: Limnobium laevigatum; (8); Azolla filiculoides y Lemna cf. gibba (9) y Eichhornia crassipes (10). Se registraron la estructura, composición florística, los rasgos ecológicos y la distribución de las comunidades y se comparó con la conductividad eléctrica y la calidad del agua. Finalmente, se hacen recomendaciones para la conservación de la laguna y la vegetación acuática.The acuatic, helophytic and pleustophytic vegetation of the Laguna de La Herrera, on the southwestern border of the high plain of Bogotá at 2550 m was studied following the Zurich- Montpellier approach. The communities recognized were: terrestrial community of Phytolacca bogotensis; helophytic communities of scirpus californicus and Typha angustifolia ; scirpus californicus ; Polygonum punctatum ; Rumex obtusifolius with Polygonum punctatum; Bidens laevis ; Hydrocotyle ranunculoides. Pleustophytic communities of Limnobium laevigatum; Azolla filiculoides with Lemna cf. gibba and Eichornia crassipes. The structure, floristic composition and ecological aspects were also considered. Several recommendations about conservation of the Laguna are given

Onderzoek naar storing op kabeltelevisie door mobiel gebruik in het Digitaal Dividend

De introductie van het gebruik van mobiele toepassingen in de 800 MHz band, die onderdeel vormt van het zogenaamde digitaal dividend, leidt onder bepaalde omstandigheden tot een verstoring van tv-signalen. De nieuwe (LTE) mobiele toepassingen gebruiken frequenties die ook worden toegepast in kabel-tv-netwerken. Dit rapport gaat in op de mate waarin deze storing kan plaatsvinden in het (digitale) televisie aanbod van de kabel.\u

Impact of systemic anticancer therapy in pediatric optic pathway glioma on visual function: A systematic review

Pediatric optic pathway glioma (OPG) can seriously decrease visual function in the case of progression. Systemic anticancer therapy (SAT) is considered the treatment of first choice for unresectable OPG. New SAT modalities for the treatment of progressive OPG have been introduced in the last decade, including VEGF and MAPK pathway inhibition. This systematic review evaluated the effect of SAT on change in visual acuity and visual field in OPG. A systematic review was performed on SAT for OPG (January 1990 to August 2020). MEDLINE and EMBASE (Ovid) were searched for studies reporting on change in visual acuity and visual field after treatment with SAT for OPG. Overall, 11 series, including 358 patients, fulfilled the eligibility criteria. After follow-up of median 3.7 years (range: cessation of SAT- 8.2 years), improvement in binocular VA was found in 0-45% of studies, stability in 18-77% and a decrease in 0-82%. Two studies reported on change in visual field (improvement in 19% and 71% of patients), although either the change was not defined or the testing strategy was lacking. Considerable heterogeneity was present among the included studies, such as variety in the combinations of SAT administered, status of neurofibromatosis type 1, definition regarding change in visual acuity, 1- or 2-eye analysis, diversity in anatomic location, and extent of follow-up, all of which made meta-analysis inappropriate. This systematic review suggests that the impact of SAT in OPG on visual function is still unclear. The wide ranges reported on the efficacy of SAT and the observed heterogeneity highlight the need for prospective studies with uniform definitions of outcome parameters

Estimated glomerular filtration rate for longitudinal follow-up of living kidney donors

Background. Living kidney donor safety requires reliable long-term follow-up of renal function after donation. The current study aimed to define the precision and accuracy of post-donation estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slopes compared with measured GFR (mGFR) slopes. Methods. In 349 donors (age 51 +/- 10, 54% female), we analysed eGFR according to the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault/body surface area (CG/BSA), creatinine clearance (CrCl) and mGFR (I-125-iothalamate) changes from 3 months until 5 years post-donation. Results. Donors had a pre-donation mGFR of 116 +/- 23 mL/min, at 3 months post-donation mGFR was 73 +/- 14 mL/min and at 5 years it was 79 +/- 16 mL/min. Between 3 months and 5 years post-donation, 28% of donors had a declining mGFR (-0.82 +/- 0.79 mL/min/year), 47% were stable and 25% had an increasing mGFR. Overall, eGFR equations showed good slope estimates (bias eGFR(CKD-EPI) 0.13 +/- 2.16 mL/min/year, eGFR(MDRD) 0.19 +/- 2.10 mL/min/year, eGFR(CG/BSA) -0.08 +/- 2.06 mL/min/year, CrCl -0.12 +/- 4.75 mL/min/year), but in donors with a decreasing mGFR the slope was underestimated (bias eGFR(CKD-EPI) 1.41 +/- 2.03 mL/min/year, eGFR(MDRD) 1.51 +/- 1.96 mL/min/year, eGFR(CG/BSA) 1.20 +/- 1.87 mL/min/ year). The CrCl had a high imprecision [bias interquartile range -1.51-3.41mL/min/year]. Conclusions. All eGFR equations underestimated GFR slopes in donors with a declining GFR between 3 months and 5 years post-donation. This study underlines the value of mGFR in the follow-up of donors with risk of progressive GFR loss

Origin and evolution of Chrysobalanaceae: insights into the evolution of plants in the Neotropics

Some plant families show a striking imbalance in species diversity between the Neotropics and the Palaeotropics. The woody plant family Chrysobalanaceae is a typical example of this pattern, with 80% of the 531 species in the Neotropics. In order to test alternative interpretations for this pattern, we generated a dated phylogenetic hypothesis for Chrysobalanaceae, using DNA sequence data from one nuclear and six plastid markers. Using a maximum likelihood approach, we jointly inferred ancestral areas and diversification rates in the Neotropics and Palaeotropics. We found that Chrysobalanaceae most probably originated in the Palaeotropics about 80 Mya. The family dispersed into the Neotropics at least four times beginning 40–60 Mya, with at least one back-dispersal to the Palaeotropics. Members of Chrysobalanaceae have experienced higher extinction, speciation and net diversification rates in the Neotropics. Hence, the high species diversity of Chrysobalanaceae in the Neotropics appears to be primarily caused by a higher speciation rate in this region. Several recent studies have shown high diversification rates in Neotropical plant families, but have focused on Andean-centred taxa. Ours is the first study to find a similar pattern in a family for which the centre of diversity is in eastern and central Amazonia