PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MENUJU DESAMANDIRI ENERGI MELALUI PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH BUAH JAMBU METE DAN UMBI-UMBIAN MENJADI BIOETANOL DI DESA KARANGMOJO, KECAMATAN KARANGMOJO, KABUPATEN GUNUNG KIDUL, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

A community empowerment activity was carried out in Karangmojo Village, Karangmojo District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province through trainings of bioethanol production from cashew fruit garbage and cassavaas well as the aspect of entrepreneurship and the economics of bioethanol. This activity began with socialization on the production of bioethanol, economical aspects, dangers of abuse of bioethanol and bioethanol distiller construction for small entrepreuners with the involvement of the Joint Group of Farmers (Gapoktan), elements of ruralcommunities of Karangmojoand KuliahKerjaNyata-Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (KKNPPM)2010 Universitas Gadjah Mada students. The following step was a workshop on installation and production of bioethanol from cashew fruit garbage and cassava. Activities ended with a demonstration of bioethanol stove in front of Karangmojo Authorities (MUSPIKA) and bioethanol promotion through internet. From the results of this research and activity, it can be concluded that: Karangmojo village community positively responded the activities of empowerment. This activity resulted in a collaboration between Universitas GadjahMada and Farmers Group of Karangmojo village. However, a simple distillation installation was constructed in this village

SYNTHESIS OF Zn(II)/SILICA BY SOL-GEL METHOD AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL MATERIAL AGAINST Escherichia coli AND Staphylococcus aureus

Synthesis of Zn(II)/silica by sol-gel method as antibacterial material against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) has been done. Sol-gel process was carried out by reacting tetraethoxysilane, H2O, HCl, ethylene glycol and ZnCl2. The ZnCl2 concentrations varied 0.25, 0.5; 0.75, 1, and 1.25 M. Heat treatment were done by combination of microwave and oven, while the process of aging gel Zn(II)/silica carried out for 24 h and or without going through the process of aging. The Zn(II)/silica was then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction method (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The Zn(II) ions concentration that released from Zn(II)/silica was determined by AAS. Zn content in Zn(II)/silica was determined by X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF). Porosity of materials were determine by monolayer adsorption of N2 gas. Antibacterial test was done by calculate the number of bacteria surviving after contact with Zn(II)/silica by plate count method and compared to silica.The XRD results showed that Zn(II)/silica phase composed of amorphous SiO2 and y-ZnCl2. The  porosity test results showed that Zn(II)/silica has surface area of 517.698 m2/g. The XRF analysis results showed that ZnCl2 0.25 M produced the optimum Zn content 35,60% in Zn(II)/silica. Zn(II)/silica synthesized by heating in the oven at 150oC for 3 h after dried by microwave and aged resulted in the optimum Zn(II)/silica due to the least release of Zn(II) ions from Zn(II)/silica when analyzed by AAS (5.51%). Zn(II)/silica with concentration of 163 ppm could kill E.coli from concentration of 1.5 x106 CFU/mL to 0 CFU/mL in 2,5 h contact time, and reduces S.aureus concentration 1,2 x 106 CFU/mL with a contact time of 24 h. While the silica with the same concentration to that of the Zn(II)/silica showed no antibacterial effect against E.coli and S.aureus

Pemberdayaan Santri dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif “Kimi Bag” di Pondok Pesantren Al Qohar Klaten

The empowerment of santri is a positive effort in realizing the goals of Islamic boarding schools in equipping students with religious knowledge and general science. This study aims to describe and to analyze the empowerment of santri in the Al Qohar Islamic Boarding School Klaten trough the development of creative economic products “Kimi Bag” as an effort to strengthen the soul of santri entrepreneurship. Santri can improve creativity and innovative abilities in developing creative economic ventures. Education and training is carried out by involving santri especially in production activities. The development of “Kimi Bag” products which are able to penetrate foreign markets provide added value for the santri in building motivation and enthusiasm for santri entrepreneurship. This santri empowerment program is expected to be able to instill a spirit of entrepreneurship that is not only worldly profit oriented but also based on the ukhrowi value.  Pemberdayaan santri merupakan upaya positif mewujudkan tujuan pondok pesantren membekali santri dengan ilmu keagamaan dan ilmu pengetahuan umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pemberdayaan santri di Pondok Pesantren Al Qohar Klaten melalui pengembangan usaha ekonomi kreatif “Kimi Bag” sebagai upaya menguatkan jiwa entrepreneurship santri. Santri dapat menyalurkan kemampuan kreasi dan inovasi dalam mengembangkan usaha ekonomi kreatif. Pendidikan dan pelatihan dilakukan dengan melibatkan santri terutama dalam kegiatan produksi. Perkembangan produk “Kimi Bag” yang mampu menembus pasar luar negeri memberi nilai tambah tersendiri bagi para santri dalam membangun motivasi dan semangat entrepreneurship santri. Program pemberdayaan santri ini diharapkan mampu menanamkan jiwa entrepreneurship yang tidak hanya berorientasi keuntungan duniawi saja namun juga dilandasi nilai-nilai ukhrowi

Pemberdayaan Santri dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif “Kimi Bag” di Pondok Pesantren Al Qohar Klaten

The empowerment of santri is a positive effort in realizing the goals of Islamic boarding schools in equipping students with religious knowledge and general science. This study aims to describe and to analyze the empowerment of santri in the Al Qohar Islamic Boarding School Klaten trough the development of creative economic products “Kimi Bag” as an effort to strengthen the soul of santri entrepreneurship. Santri can improve creativity and innovative abilities in developing creative economic ventures. Education and training is carried out by involving santri especially in production activities. The development of “Kimi Bag” products which are able to penetrate foreign markets provide added value for the santri in building motivation and enthusiasm for santri entrepreneurship. This santri empowerment program is expected to be able to instill a spirit of entrepreneurship that is not only worldly profit oriented but also based on the ukhrowi value.  Pemberdayaan santri merupakan upaya positif mewujudkan tujuan pondok pesantren membekali santri dengan ilmu keagamaan dan ilmu pengetahuan umum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pemberdayaan santri di Pondok Pesantren Al Qohar Klaten melalui pengembangan usaha ekonomi kreatif “Kimi Bag” sebagai upaya menguatkan jiwa entrepreneurship santri. Santri dapat menyalurkan kemampuan kreasi dan inovasi dalam mengembangkan usaha ekonomi kreatif. Pendidikan dan pelatihan dilakukan dengan melibatkan santri terutama dalam kegiatan produksi. Perkembangan produk “Kimi Bag” yang mampu menembus pasar luar negeri memberi nilai tambah tersendiri bagi para santri dalam membangun motivasi dan semangat entrepreneurship santri. Program pemberdayaan santri ini diharapkan mampu menanamkan jiwa entrepreneurship yang tidak hanya berorientasi keuntungan duniawi saja namun juga dilandasi nilai-nilai ukhrowi

Study Of Double Protons Migration Mechanism In Supramolecular Structures Of Acetic Acid-Water And Acetic Acid-Ammonia By Ab Initio Method = Studi Mekanisme Migrasi Proton Ganda Pada Struktur Supramolekul Asam Asetat...

ABSTRACT The theoretical study of double protons migration mechanism on acetic acid-water and acetic acid-ammonia associations has been carried out. The research covered determinations the reactant, transition state and product structures. To gain the goal, the research was conducted in three steps, i.e. (i) designing the reactant, transition state and product models, (ii) optimizing of structures, and (iii) calculating of their uncorrected total energy and frequencies with ab initio methods (basis set 6-31 G**). All calculations were performed using Hyperchem ver 5.0 for Windows and Gaussian 94W package program. The computational study result showed that the calculated structures were in good agreement with the hypothetical structures. Keywords: double protons migration, acetic acid, water, ammonia, molecular mechanics and ab-initi

PREPARATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY FOR ISOPROPYL BENZENE CRACKING OF Co, Mo AND Co/Mo-AI203-PlllARED MONTMORillONITE CATALYSTS Preparasi dan Aktivitas Katalitik Perengkahan /sopropil Benzen Katalis Co, Mo dan Co/Mo- Monm

ABSTRACT It has been prepared Co, Mo and CoIMo-AI203-pillared montmorillonite catalysts using montmorillonite clay as raw material. The structure and porosity of the\u27 catalysts were determined using N2 adsorptiondesorption and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis methods. Isopropyl benzene cracking using these catalysts were used to test the catalytic activity and performance of Co, Mo and CoIMo-AI203-pillared montmorillonites. Characterization results showed that pillarization resulted in the increase of the total pore volume and specific surface area of the clay. Meanwhile, transition metals (Co, Mo and CoIMo) loaded on Al203-pillared monmorillonites could increase the catalytic activity of the catalysts for isopropyl benzene cracking significantly. Keywords:pillared monmorillonite, isopropyl benzene and cracking catalys

MULTIFUNCTION OF LAYERED AND POROUS MATERIALS

In this review, two sort of materials i.e layered and porous materias which were studied by the author and coworkers intensively and extensively  will be described. These materials generally can be classified into two groups, namely layered organic and inorganic materials and porous organic and inorganic materials. To the materials which classified in the first group, it will be discussed the syntheses, characterization and application of layered organic materials of imidazolium-dimesylamidate and of layered inorganic materials of montmorillonite. For the second group, as examples we will analogically describe the syntheses, characterization and application of 2,6-dimethylpyridinium-di(methanesulfonyl)amidate porous organic material and zeolite and pillared clay porous inorganic materials.   Keywords: layered materials, porous materials, syntheses, characterization, application

Synthesis of Zn(ii)/silica by Sol-gel Method as an Antibacterial Material Against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Synthesis of Zn(II)/silica by sol-gel method as antibacterial material against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) has been done. Sol-gel process was carried out by reacting tetraethoxysilane, H2O, HCl, ethylene glycol and ZnCl2. The ZnCl2 concentrations varied 0.25, 0.5; 0.75, 1, and 1.25 M. Heat treatment were done by combination of microwave and oven, while the process of aging gel Zn(II)/silica carried out for 24 h and or without going through the process of aging. The Zn(II)/silica was then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction method (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The Zn(II) ions concentration that released from Zn(II)/silica was determined by AAS. Zn content in Zn(II)/silica was determined by X-Ray Fluoresence (XRF). Porosity of materials were determine by monolayer adsorption of N2 gas. Antibacterial test was done by calculate the number of bacteria surviving after contact with Zn(II)/silica by plate count method and compared to silica.The XRD results showed that Zn(II)/silica phase composed of amorphous SiO2 and y-ZnCl2. The porosity test results showed that Zn(II)/silica has surface area of 517.698 m2/g. The XRF analysis results showed that ZnCl2 0.25 M produced the optimum Zn content 35,60% in Zn(II)/silica. Zn(II)/silica synthesized by heating in the oven at 150oC for 3 h after dried by microwave and aged resulted in the optimum Zn(II)/silica due to the least release of Zn(II) ions from Zn(II)/silica when analyzed by AAS (5.51%). Zn(II)/silica with concentration of 163 ppm could kill E.coli from concentration of 1.5 x106 CFU/mL to 0 CFU/mL in 2,5 h contact time, and reduces S.aureus concentration 1,2 x 106 CFU/mL with a contact time of 24 h. While the silica with the same concentration to that of the Zn(II)/silica showed no antibacterial effect against E.coli and S.aureus

Synthesis, Characterization and Aplication of TiO2 Alumina Pillared Montmorillonite Photocatalyst

Dispersion of TiO2 on montmorillonite pillared aluminium has been done successfully. The photocatalyst were prepared by intercalation of Al13 onto natural montmorillonite and then calcined at 500oC. Titania dispersion onto aluminium pillared montmorillonite was carried out by impregnation method at the theoritic concentration of 0.4, 0.8, 1 and 3% titania. The photocatalyst then characterized by XRD, porosimetry, SEM and Diffuse Reflectance Visible methods. Results of characterization showed that the basal spacing and specific surface area as well as total pore volume were decreased after dispersion of TiO2 on PILM, meanwhile SEM image exhibited that beside in the pores of PILM, the TiO2 was also dispersed on the surface of PILM. DR UV characterization result indicated that the band gap of TiO2 dispersed PILM for Ti/PILM 0,8%, Ti/PILM 1% and Ti/PILM 3% was 3.66, 3.19 and 3.19 eV respectively. Photodegradation optimum of methyl orange was found to be at Ti/PILM 1

Effect of Aluminium Content in Aluminium Pillared Montmorillonite on Its Surface Acidity Properties

Aluminium pillared montmorillonites from Indonesian natural montmorillonite has been prepared using Al13 Keggin ion pillaring precursor in varied concentrations. Herein we studied their characterization and catalysis application for esterification reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), and BET gas sorption analysis were employed to characterize the prepared materials besides the characterization on surface acidity by pyridine and n-butylammine adsorptions and FTIR analysis. The result showed that significant improvement on physicochemical character data was obtained by a pillarization process. Such a process also provided improvements on catalytic activities in esterification reactions. The effect of aluminium content on material characters was discussed in this paper. It was observed from the catalytic activity tests that pillared montmorillonite samples demonstrated higher activity in esterification reaction relative to the raw montmorillonite. It was found that surface profile of materials consist of specific surface area, pore volume and Lewis acidity were significantly affect the catalyst activity