Synthesis Of Polyol From Edible Oil Waste With Ozonolysis Technology

Polyol is a chemical compound that contains many hydroxyl groups. Polyol can be made from petroleum, nevertheless petroleum's price is increasingly high and petroleum itself is a non renewable resource,so it may be gone someday.Alternatively, synthesis of polyol can use other material that is renewable, in case it can use waste from edible oil. In experiment, polyol is made from edible oil waste(used palm cooking oil) through ozonolysis reaction. Beside ozone,as reactant are also used a mixture of methanol isopropanoal and water in certain ratio and sulphuric acid as catalyst.Mechanism of reaction will start at ozone attack and break the double bonds( C=C) of unsaturated fatty acid in the waste,and then hydroxyl groups of alcohol can made contact to produce polyol. The main purpose of experiment is to determine the optimum condition for making polyol with ozonolysis technology.The experiment will be carried out by vary temperature of ozonolysis reaction, mol ratio of oil-alcohol,reaction time and ozone concentration. The result of experiment show that hydroxyl number values of polyol vary from 92.75 to 265.62 and viscosity values vary from 9.228 to 20.403 cp. The optimum condition determined by response optimization program,and from experiment show that converting edible oil waste to polyol will be efficient with temperature 25'C, 3 hours reaction time, l:7 for oil and alcohol mol ratio and ozone concentration 6.3

Effects of Process Variations in a HCMOS IC using a Monte Carlo SPICE Simulation

In this paper, the effects of process variations in a HCMOS (High-Speed Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) IC (Integrated Circuit) are examined using a Monte Carlo SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation. The variations of the IC are L and VTO variations. An evaluation method is used to evaluate the effects of the variations by modeling it using a normal (Gaussian) distribution. The simulation results show that the IC may be detected as a defective IC caused by the variations based on large supply currents flow to it

Build Testbenches for Verification in Shift Register ICs using SystemVerilog

A testbench is built to verify a functionality of a shift register IC (Integrated Circuit) from stuck-at-faults, stuck-at-1 as well as stuck-at-0. The testbench is supported by components, i.e., generator, interface, driver, monitor, scoreboard, environment, test, and testbench top. The IC consists of sequential logic circuits of D-type flip-flops. The faults may occur at interconnects between the circuits inside the IC. In order to examine the functionality from the faults, both the testbench and the IC are designed using SystemVerilog and simulated using Questasim simulator. Simulation results show the faults may be detected by the testbench. Moreover, the detected faults may be indicated by error statements in transcript results of the simulato

ANALISIS PERAMALAN PENJUALAN DAN PERSEDIAAN BARANG PADA PT. WIJAYA TUNGGAL ABADI

ANALISIS PERAMALAN PENJUALAN DAN PERSEDIAAN BARANG PADA PT. WIJAYA TUNGGAL ABADI

BALINESE CASTE SYSTEM: A DECONSTRUCTIVE READING TO OKA RUSMINI’SEARTH DANCE

This research aimed to make meaning from the Balinese caste system presented in Oka Rusmini's Earth Dance.The modification of deconstructive reading proposed by Barry (2002) was used as the method of the research to analyze the dynamics and complexities that occurred in the most distinctive binary opposition in the Balinese caste system. This research found that Wangsa Brahmana became the privileged binary in the Balinese caste system. The privilege came in the form of power resulted from wealth and lineage. A reversal of the binary opposition was found in the text when a reversed cross-caste marriage occurred. This reversal strengthened the power of Wangsa Brahmna and makes them remains as the privileged Wangsa in Balinese caste system. The privilege was influenced by the practice of the Balinese caste system through the myth, rules of naming, and traditional ceremonies. This means that Earth Dance can be categorized as a deconstructive text. From the findings, it can be inferred that Earth Dance had successful demonstrated the dynamics of the Balinese caste system in the form of binary opposition between Wangsa Brahmana and Wangsa Sudra. Although it succeeded in sympathizing it concerns to the marginalized Wangsa, the text here made a pragmatic ending for the story. Thus, has made Earth Dance a contemplative for the reader. Key words: Social Stratification, Balinese Caste system, deconstruction

PERBANDINGAN METODE THINK – TALK - WRITE (TTW) DENGAN METODE INQUIRING MINDS WANT TO KNOW DALAM PENGAJARAN KALIMAT MAJEMUK SETARA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 3 SRAGEN TAHUN AJARAN 2010 / 2011

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pelaksanaan dan prestasi belajar dengan metode Think – Talk – Write ( TTW) dan Inquiring Minds Want to Know pada pengajaran kalimat majemuk setara. Sampel dalam penelitian ini, yaitu siswa kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIIIB sebagai kelas kontrol. Sebelum instrumen dikenakan pada sampel, maka diuji dahulu dengan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, observasi, bantu, dan wawancara. Sebelum dilakukan analisis data terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji varian matching untuk mengetahui bahwa kedua kelompok mempunyai rata-rata kemampuan awal yang sama. Selanjutnya analisis data dengan menggunakan rumus t-tes. Dari hasil analisis data dengan taraf signifikansi 5 % dipenuhi bahwa : (1) terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar antara siswa yang dikenai metode Think – Talk – Write ( TTW) dan siswa yang dikenai metode Inquiring Minds Want to Know dalam pengajaran kalimat majemuk setara bidang studi Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas VIII semester 3 di SMP Negeri 3 Sragen tahun ajaran 2010/2011. Hal ini didasarkan dari analisis data menggunakan uji t-tes dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% diperoleh nilai thitung = 3,470 maka thitung > t0.025:64 = 1,960 dan (2) berdasarkan nilai rata-rata prestasi belajar menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang dikenakan metode pembelajaran Think- Talk-Write memiliki rata-rata prestasi belajar 76,30 dan siswa yang dikenakan motode pembelajaran Inquiring Minds Want to Know memiliki rata-rata prestasi belajar 72,48 dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa yang dikenai metode TTW lebih baik dibandingkan dengan siswa yang dikenai metode Inquiring Minds Want to Know. Hal ini juga didukung pada pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran pada kelas yang diajar dengan metode TTW siswa cenderung lebih aktif dan kreatif dibandingkan dengan kelas yang diajar dengan metode Inquiring Minds Want to Know