Synthesis Of Polyol From Edible Oil Waste With Ozonolysis Technology

Polyol is a chemical compound that contains many hydroxyl groups. Polyol can be made from petroleum, nevertheless petroleum's price is increasingly high and petroleum itself is a non renewable resource,so it may be gone someday.Alternatively, synthesis of polyol can use other material that is renewable, in case it can use waste from edible oil. In experiment, polyol is made from edible oil waste(used palm cooking oil) through ozonolysis reaction. Beside ozone,as reactant are also used a mixture of methanol isopropanoal and water in certain ratio and sulphuric acid as catalyst.Mechanism of reaction will start at ozone attack and break the double bonds( C=C) of unsaturated fatty acid in the waste,and then hydroxyl groups of alcohol can made contact to produce polyol. The main purpose of experiment is to determine the optimum condition for making polyol with ozonolysis technology.The experiment will be carried out by vary temperature of ozonolysis reaction, mol ratio of oil-alcohol,reaction time and ozone concentration. The result of experiment show that hydroxyl number values of polyol vary from 92.75 to 265.62 and viscosity values vary from 9.228 to 20.403 cp. The optimum condition determined by response optimization program,and from experiment show that converting edible oil waste to polyol will be efficient with temperature 25'C, 3 hours reaction time, l:7 for oil and alcohol mol ratio and ozone concentration 6.3

Effects of Process Variations in a HCMOS IC using a Monte Carlo SPICE Simulation

In this paper, the effects of process variations in a HCMOS (High-Speed Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) IC (Integrated Circuit) are examined using a Monte Carlo SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulation. The variations of the IC are L and VTO variations. An evaluation method is used to evaluate the effects of the variations by modeling it using a normal (Gaussian) distribution. The simulation results show that the IC may be detected as a defective IC caused by the variations based on large supply currents flow to it

Build Testbenches for Verification in Shift Register ICs using SystemVerilog

A testbench is built to verify a functionality of a shift register IC (Integrated Circuit) from stuck-at-faults, stuck-at-1 as well as stuck-at-0. The testbench is supported by components, i.e., generator, interface, driver, monitor, scoreboard, environment, test, and testbench top. The IC consists of sequential logic circuits of D-type flip-flops. The faults may occur at interconnects between the circuits inside the IC. In order to examine the functionality from the faults, both the testbench and the IC are designed using SystemVerilog and simulated using Questasim simulator. Simulation results show the faults may be detected by the testbench. Moreover, the detected faults may be indicated by error statements in transcript results of the simulato

Build Testbenches for Verification in Shift Register ICs using SystemVerilog

A testbench is built to verify a functionality of a shift register IC (Integrated Circuit) from stuck-at-faults, stuck-at-1 as well as stuck-at-0. The testbench is supported by components, i.e., generator, interface, driver, monitor, scoreboard, environment, test, and testbench top. The IC consists of sequential logic circuits of D-type flip-flops. The faults may occur at interconnects between the circuits inside the IC. In order to examine the functionality from the faults, both the testbench and the IC are designed using SystemVerilog and simulated using Questasim simulator. Simulation results show the faults may be detected by the testbench. Moreover, the detected faults may be indicated by error statements in transcript results of the simulato

Pengaruh Brand Trust, Harga dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Kartu Telkomsel bagi Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi UKI Toraja

The aim of the research is to determine the simultaneous influence of Brand Trust, price and promotion on the decision to purchase Telkomsel cards for UKI Toraja economics faculty students. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The results of the research are (1) Brand Trust influences purchasing decisions. (2) Price influences purchasing decisions. And (3) Promotions influence purchasing decision

ANALISIS PERAMALAN PENJUALAN DAN PERSEDIAAN BARANG PADA PT. WIJAYA TUNGGAL ABADI

ANALISIS PERAMALAN PENJUALAN DAN PERSEDIAAN BARANG PADA PT. WIJAYA TUNGGAL ABADI