Dostępność transportowa łódzkich centrów handlowych

The main factors of the location of shopping centres are as follows: road network, customer remoteness and free investment areas. Transport accessibility is the connecting element between the transport component and the market component. By means of accessibility, we can indicate the potential for interaction between the client and the shopping mall and their locations, and to what extent they can meet the needs of the residents. The main aim of the article is to show transport accessibility to shopping centres in Łódź, as well as to indicate the tendencies that determine their accessibility to distribution. The study included extremely precise information that illustrates the demographic potential of various transport basins. The analyses used research methods based on recognition and presentation of spatial phenomena in the ArcMap environment and statistical methods. The analyses included accessibility by: walking, cycling, individual car and public transport. The studies showed the diversification of transport accessibility to shopping centres according to their location. It was also shown which malls presented the greatest potential in terms of market size.Основные факторы детального размещения торговых центров включают: сеть дорог, близость клиентов и свободные территории застройки. Связующим звеном, соединяющим транспортный компонент с рыночным, является тран- спортная доступность. С его помощью можно указать, каким потенциалом для возникновения интеракции вдоль оси клиент-торговый центр располагают от- дельные локализации и в какой мере они могут удовлетворять потребности жителей. Основная цель статьи – указать транспортную доступность лодзин- ских торговых центров, а также тенденции, определяющие их достигаемость по отношению к размещению. В исследованиях учли необыкновенно четкую информацию, представляющую демографический потенциал отдельных тран- спортных бассейнов. В анализах использовали методы изучения, основанные на способах распознания и представления пространственных явлений в среде ArcMap, а также статистические методы. В анализы доступности включили сферы достигаемости: пешеходную, велосипедную, частную автомобильную и с использованием коммунального транспорта. Исследования указали диф- ференциацию транспортной доступности торговых центров в зависимости от их размещения. Указали тоже, что торговые центры демонстрируют самый высокий потенциал в отношении объема местного рынка

A shopping centre as a traffic-generating factor in car transport as exemplified by Port Łódź, Poland

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczących roli centrum handlowego jako czynnika ruchotwórczego w indywidualnym transporcie samochodowym, na przykładzie Portu Łódź – jednego z trzynastu tego typu obiektów w granicach Łodzi. Głównym celem opracowania jest określenie udziału ruchu samochodowego generowanego przez Port Łódź w potokach ruchu na lokalnej sieci dróg. Analiza została oparta na danych pochodzących z miejskiego systemu sterowania ruchem, a dokładnie z pętli indukcyjnych rozmieszczonych na sieci miejskich skrzyżowań.The article presents results of research devoted to the role of the shopping centre as a traffic-generating factor in individual-car transport. The research procedure was conducted in relation to Port Łódź, one of thirteen shopping centres within the boundaries of the Polish city of Łódź. The main aim has been to determine the share of car traffic generated by Port Łódź in the totality of traffic flows in the network of roads leading to the shopping centre. The analysis was based on data from the urban traffic control system or, to be precise, one of its subsystems which has access to information on spatial and time accessibility of the number of vehicles, transmitted from induction loops situated in the network of urban crossroads. The research focuses on defi ning potential and real traffic generation for weekdays and weekends, as well as during public holidays and festival days. The research allowed for verifi cation of one of the model approaches to the correlation between selected characteristics of shopping centres and the volume of traffic they generate. Results show that shopping centres located along exit roads on the city outskirts affect the road transport system, particularly by exciting car traffic (also during rush hours), retaining it during afternoon rush hours (thus contributing to an alleviation and extension in time) and, to a lesser extent, serving as an informal element of the Park&Ride system (in the case of centres characterised by good accessibility to public transport and a free car park)

Centre E Estate in Krakow’s Nowa Huta. The postmodern experiment in the heart of the Stalin era symbol

The paper investigated the history of the development of Nowa Huta the key achievement of the post-WWII urban planning and architecture in Kraków and Poland focusing on the rise of the Centre E Estate, the late 1980s part of the ensemble. The history of one housing complex helps to understand the reasons for the rise and development of postmodern aesthetics in the local architecture of Krakow during the last years of the domination of the communist regime

Five springtail (Collembola) species inhabiting heathlands in Poland

We report the presence of five Collembola species from western Poland, three of which were recorded in this country for the first time – Bourletiella pistillum Gisin, 1964 (Bourletiellidae), Lepidocyrtus tellecheae Arbea & Jordana 1990 (Entomobryidae) and Isotoma caerulea Bourlet, 1839 (Isotomidae). Seira dollfusi Carl, 1899 (Entomobryidae) was earlier known solely from a single, old report. Pachyotoma topsenti (Denis, 1948) (Isotomidae) is generally considered a rare species in the region. Though generally infrequently encountered, all five species occur in very high numbers in our plots and they are among the dominant springtails. The habitats surveyed in the study, i.e. dry Calluna-heathlands and their accompanying habitats are endangered in Central Europe and require active management. In one of the studied plots, a prescribed burn was applied to rejuvenate the heather. We discuss the distribution and habitat preferences of the five species in the European context and their possible significance as indicators of different habitat types

A very special EPW sextic and two IHS fourfolds

We show that the Hilbert scheme of two points on the Vinberg $K3$ surface has a 2:1 map onto a very symmetric EPW sextic $Y$ in $\mathbb{P}^5$. The fourfold $Y$ is singular along $60$ planes, $20$ of which form a complete family of incident planes. This solves a problem of Morin and O'Grady and establishes that $20$ is the maximal cardinality of such a family of planes. Next, we show that this Hilbert scheme is birationally isomorphic to the Kummer type IHS fourfold $X_0$ constructed in [DW]. We find that $X_0$ is also related to the Debarre-Varley abelian fourfold.Comment: 32 page

Daily mobility of the elderly: An example from Łódź, Poland

Recently, numerous countries have been facing the issue of population ageing, which poses a formidable challenge for many sectors, including transportation. Alas, there are no detailed or insightful studies that involve the analysis of the elderly, which is why the authors of this paper decided to research the issue to determine which features of mobility are common among senior citizens (aged 60+). In our study, we focused on Bałuty, a district located in Łódź. The applied research tool was an interview questionnaire which consisted of eight questions. Since transportation is a fundamental human need, maintenance of the mobility of the elderly at an acceptable level is crucial as it directly impacts the quality of their life. What is more, a change of motivation and mode of transport is recommended for this age group

Ocena możliwości realizacji transportu zbiorowego przez Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Komunikacyjne w Łodzi na terenie kształtującego się Łódzkiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego

Problems of the Metropolitan Areas institutionalization impede effective management of these areas in many aspects, including organization of public transport. The paper aims at the analysis and diagnose of the impact of the Municipal Transport Company in Łódź (MPK) on the formation of Łódz Metropolitan Area (ŁOM). In order to study this problem and make a diagnosis it is necessary to examine the spatial and demographic impact of the Łódź Transport Company (based on the issue of the transportation accessibility to bus’ and tram’s stops).The article presents also the analysis of the efficiency of Łódź Transport Company based on the frequency and transfer time of its vehicles. The research was based on the most objective – in the author’s opinion – methodology. The difficulty to select the appropriate method is related to the character of the Łódź Municipal Area settlement. Therefore, the results of the analyses are based on three ways of the delimitations of equidistant scope boundaries which can be recognized as the extent of the impact of the bus and trams connections. The studies aim to better identification of municipal transportation problems. Better understanding of these phenomenons will increase the application potential of similar studies. In terms of this paper and studies on the coherence of Łódź Metropolitan Area, the transport connections organized by the Łódź Municipal Transport Company can be regarded as ineffective and requiring very far–reaching improvements