597 research outputs found
The gender division of labour in early modern England
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.This article presents new evidence of gendered work patterns in the pre-industrial economy, providing an overview of women's work in early modern England. Evidence of 4,300 work tasks undertaken by particular women and men was collected from three types of court documents (coroners’ reports, church court depositions, and quarter sessions examinations) from five counties in south-western England (Cornwall, Devon, Hampshire, Somerset, and Wiltshire) between 1500 and 1700. The findings show that women participated in all the main areas of the economy. However, different patterns of gendered work were identified in different parts of the economy: craft work showed a sharp division of labour and agriculture a flexible division of labour, while differences of gender were less pronounced in everyday commerce. Quantitative evidence of early modern housework and care work in England indicates that such work used less time and was less family-based than is often assumed. Comparisons with gendered work patterns in early modern Germany and Sweden are drawn and show strong similarities to England. In conclusion it is argued that the gender division of labour cannot be explained by a single factor, as different influences were at play in different parts of the economy.Leverhulme Trus
The state of practice in model-driven engineering
Despite lively debate over the last decade on the benefits or drawbacks of model-driven engineering (MDE), there have been very few industry-wide studies of MDE in practice. We present a new study, covering a broad range of experiences and ways of applying MDE: we surveyed 450 MDE practitioners and carried out in-depth interviews with 22 more. Findings suggest that MDE may be more widespread than commonly believed, but developers rarely use it to generate whole systems; rather, they apply it to develop key parts of a system often using domain-specific modeling languages developed specifically for the purpose. Our findings also suggest reasons why some efforts to adopt MDE fail and some succeed. As is usually the case in software engineering, adoption largely depends on social and organizational factors, some of which we describe in this paper
Stellar Absorption Lines in the Spectra of Seyfert Galaxies
We have measured the strengths of Ca II Triplet and Mgb stellar absorption
lines in the nuclear and off-nuclear spectra of Seyfert galaxies. These
features are diluted to varying degrees by continuum emission from the active
nucleus and from young stars. Ca II Triplet strengths can be enhanced if
late-type supergiant stars dominate the near-IR light. Thus, objects with
strong Ca II Triplet and weak Mgb lines may be objects with strong bursts of
star formation. We find that for most of our sample the line strengths are at
least consistent with dilution of a normal galaxy spectrum by a power law
continuum, in accord with the standard model for AGN. However, for several
Seyferts in our sample, it appears that dilution by a power law continuum
cannot simultaneously explain strong Ca II Triplet and relatively weak Mgb.
Also, these objects occupy the region of the IRAS color-color diagram
characteristic of starburst galaxies. In these objects it appears that the
optical to near-IR emission is dominated by late-type supergiants produced in a
circumnuclear burst of star formation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Advances in Space Research,
presented at "The AGN/Host Galaxy Connection" as part of the Scientific
Assembly of COSPAR, July 12-18 Nagoya, Japa
Revealing flows in the local economy through visualisations:customers, clicks/cliques and clusters
It is well known by now, that the world has suffered an economic downturn. This has led many governments and organisations to invest resources into researching varying strategies to combat such problem. For some time now, governments have been promoting growth by encouraging local spending; we have witnessed this through ?shop local? campaigns and local currencies. We introduce BARTER a moBile sociAl netwoRking supporTing local Ethical tRading system to tackle this issue, at it?s core an information system that encompasses technology, social media and business analytics are brought together to engage customers, traders and citizens to spend locally by featuring the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of trading local. After situating BARTER at the heart of the community (with varying traders in and around Lancaster, UK) for some time, this paper is a follow on from a ?BARTER Visualisations? design concept, reporting on the progression and recent developments in the project. Whilst these systems are in place within the community, further research is being conducted to evaluate if revealing and transforming transaction data in a playful and informative manner will help citizens better understand the flow of money in the local economy
Implementing generalized deep-copy in MPI
In this paper we introduce a framework for implementing deep copy on top of MPI. The process is initiated by passing just the root object of the dynamic data structure. Our framework takes care of all pointer traversal, communication, copying and reconstruction on receiving nodes. The benefit of our approach is that MPI users can deep copy complex dynamic data structures without the need to write bespoke communication or serialize / deserialize methods for each object. These methods can present a challenging implementation problem that can quickly become unwieldy to maintain when working with complex structured data. This paper demonstrates our generic implementation, which encapsulates both approaches. We analyze the approach with a variety of structures (trees, graphs (including complete graphs) and rings) and demonstrate that it performs comparably to hand written implementations, using a vastly simplified programming interface. We make the source code available completely as a convenient header file
Concordia Seminary magazine | Fall 2016
His grace our gratitudehttps://scholar.csl.edu/csm/1018/thumbnail.jp
A taxonomy of tool-related issues affecting the adoption of model-driven engineering
Although poor tool support is often blamed for the low uptake of model-driven engineering (MDE), recent studies have shown that adoption problems are as likely to be down to social and organizational factors as with tooling issues. This article discusses the impact of tools on MDE adoption and practice and does so while placing tooling within a broader organizational context. The article revisits previous data on MDE use in industry (19 in-depth interviews with MDE practitioners) and reanalyzes that data through the specific lens of MDE tools in an attempt to identify and categorize the issues that users had with the tools they adopted. In addition, the article presents new data: 20 new interviews in two specific companies—and analyzes it through the same lens. A key contribution of the paper is a loose taxonomy of tool-related considerations, based on empirical industry data, which can be used to reflect on the tooling landscape as well as inform future research on MDE tools
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