Redes e Historias

Este artículo esboza cómo el proceso social se lleva a cabo dentro, desde, y alrededor de redes de pares de relaciones. Estas relaciones se caracterizan por historias que se cuentan dentro y acerca de ellas, con significados que surgen de cambios entre netdoms. Debido a que los entornos y sus cambios son incesantemente variados, aquí nos ceñiremos a una descripción abstracta y general. Los prototipos técnicos y substantivos (e.g., Padgett y McLean 2006; Lazega 2001) y los sondeos que ya existen pueden servir de guía al lector para implementaciones específicas. Es conveniente sustituir frecuentemente el término general de identidad por el de persona.This article sketches how social process plays out into, from, and around networks of pair relations. These relations are characterized by stories told in and of them, with meanings from switchings between netdoms. Since settings and the switchings among them are endlessly varied, description here is kept abstract and general. Existing technical and substantive prototypes (e.g., Padgett and McLean 2006; Lazega 2001) and canvasings can guide the reader for particular implementations. It is convenient here often to substitute person for the general term identity

Heisenberg exchange in magnetic monoxides

The superexchange intertacion in transition-metal oxides, proposed initially by Anderson in 1950, is treated using contemporary tight-binding theory and existing parameters. We find also a direct exchange for nearest-neighbor metal ions, larger by a factor of order five than the superexchange. This direct exchange arises from Vddm coupling, rather than overlap of atomic charge densities, a small overlap exchange contribution which we also estimate. For FeO and CoO there is also an important negative contribution, related to Stoner ferromagnetism, from the partially filled minority-spin band which broadens when ionic spins are aligned. The corresponding J1 and J2 parameters are calculated for MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO. They give good accounts of the Neel and the Curie-Weiss temperatures, show appropriate trends, and give a reasonable account of their volume dependences. For MnO the predicted value for the magnetic susceptibility at the Neel temperature and the crystal distortion arising from the antiferromagnetic transition were reasonably well given. Application to CuO2 planes in the cuprates gives J=1220oK, compared to an experimental 1500oK, and for LiCrO2 gives J1=4 50oK compared to an experimental 230oK.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Phys. Rev. B 1/19/07. Realized J=4V^2/U applies generally, as opposed to J=2V^2/U from one-electron theory (1/28 revision

Production Markets Broker Upstream to Downstream, Balancing Their Volume and Quality Sensitivities to Firms Through an Oriented Market Profile of Signals

Varieties of quality competition across producers are extrapolated out of the two dual forms of perfect competition, oriented upstream and downstream. Only then are general, path-dependent solutions for market derived (which came first in the previous book of 2002). Attention is focused on advanced markets for high ratios of sensitivities between upstream and downstream relations of producers. Parameter identification and estimations identify impacts from substitutability with cross-stream markets as being major only for certain bands of sensitivity ratios, identified within the state space for production market contexts. Illustrative applications are sketched for strategic manipulations and investment decisions and trends in sectors

Social Construction of Flows: Price Profiles Across Producers Gear to Market Context Upstream, Downstream and Cross-Stream

Varieties of quality competition across a production market can be extrapolated out of two dual forms of competition, oriented upstream and downstream. Counter pressure for equally good deals interlocks with producers' own self-interested choices to maximize their profits. The mechanism is a profile in revenue versus volume, with a niche for each producer. Simplicity in valuation schedules used to describe context enables exact solutions across very wide ranges of contexts that can sustain profiles of given curvatures. Sizes, profitabilites, and market shares are surveyed, as well as benefits downstream. Impacts from substitutability with cross-stream markets are found to be major only for an intermediate band of sensitivity ratios, identified within an inventory space for production market contexts. These markets can be sustained even for increasing returns to scale for producers. Market solutions change dramatically when buyers' ranking of quality is inverse to the ranking of producers by cost structure

Power from Switching across Netdoms through Reflexive and Indexical Language

En sociedades diferenciadas con redes sociales de largo alcance pero fragmentadas, la habilidad de manejar la ambigüedad es crucial para navegar órdenes dominantes. En este artículo sostenemos que las identidades, para aumentar su control a través de cambios de redes y dominios (netdoms), manejan una ambigüedad creciente a través de las propiedades indéxicas y reflexivas del lenguaje. Explicamos variaspropiedades—metapragmática, heteroglosia, y poética—y afirmamos que éstas rara vez constituyen actuaciones inocentes de creación de consenso en la reproducción de los órdenes sociales. Al contrario, el lenguaje está inherentemente implicado en relaciones de dominación. Así, argumentamos que el control metapragmático de historias adquiridas en incontables cambios de netdoms conduce a posiciones firmes que aseguran recursos y oportunidades; que las retóricas que incluyen fértiles voces heteroglósicas a través de agujeros estructurales generan historias que se pueden transponer reflexivamente a otras arenas institucionales; y que el control poético de estilos lingüísticos puede transformar identidades en leyes potenciales con posiciones que se desacoplan en prismas para preservar su calidad. Nuestra meta es doble: Primero, mostrar que la reflexividad e indexicalidad del lenguaje emergen en multitud de cambios a través de netdoms; y segundo, demostrar que el lenguaje indéxico y reflexivo es crítico en las luchas de las identidades por el control—deposiciones y dominación—a través de cambios de netdoms que se polimerizan rápidamente.   Abstract:   In highly differentiated societies with far-reaching yet fragmented social networks, such as post-industrial societies, the ability to manage and sustain pervasive ambiguity in daily interactions is crucial to navigate domination orders. Identities —from individuals to organizations—struggle to reflexively control decoupling  and contradictory demands through switchings across entangled social networks and interpretive domains (hereafter netdoms).2 At times strong interactional footings or other competitive edges may emerge through successful albeit temporary juggling of disjointed framings across netdom switchings. Moreover, to manage mounting ambiguity and contradiction across rapidly polymerizing netdoms skillful innuendo and indirect language is used. Thus increasing netdom complexities in contemporary societies  seem    to  proceed    along  ever   more   virtuoso  meta-communicative performances that can reframe volatile and unpredictable mutual expectations (e.g., workplaces with downsizing risks, job markets following fickle trends, gender relation uncertainties, fast-paced multicultural daily interactions). We in the 21st century inhabit social worlds that are sustained by fleeting arts of phenomenological epoché in connection with rapidly shifting netdom configurations

Bandgap Change of Carbon Nanotubes: Effect of Small Tensile and Torsional Strain

We use a simple picture based on the $\pi$ electron approximation to study the bandgap variation of carbon nanotubes with uniaxial and torsional strain. We find (i) that the magnitude of slope of bandgap versus strain has an almost universal behaviour that depends on the chiral angle, (ii) that the sign of slope depends on the value of $(n-m) \bmod 3$ and (iii) a novel change in sign of the slope of bandgap versus uniaxial strain arising from a change in the value of the quantum number corresponding to the minimum bandgap. Four orbital calculations are also presented to show that the $\pi$ orbital results are valid.Comment: Revised. Method explained in detai

The Locations of Gamma-Ray Bursts Measured by COMPTEL

The COMPTEL instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory is used to measure the locations of gamma-ray bursts through direct imaging of MeV photons. In a comprehensive search, we have detected and localized 29 bursts observed between 1991 April 19 and 1995 May 31. The average location accuracy of these events is 1.25\arcdeg (1$\sigma$), including a systematic error of \sim0.5\arcdeg, which is verified through comparison with Interplanetary Network (IPN) timing annuli. The combination of COMPTEL and IPN measurements results in locations for 26 of the bursts with an average ``error box'' area of only $\sim$0.3 deg$^2$ (1$\sigma$). We find that the angular distribution of COMPTEL burst locations is consistent with large-scale isotropy and that there is no statistically significant evidence of small-angle auto-correlations. We conclude that there is no compelling evidence for burst repetition since no more than two of the events (or $\sim$7% of the 29 bursts) could possibly have come from the same source. We also find that there is no significant correlation between the burst locations and either Abell clusters of galaxies or radio-quiet quasars. Agreement between individual COMPTEL locations and IPN annuli places a lower limit of $\sim$100~AU (95% confidence) on the distance to the stronger bursts.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 1998 Jan. 1, Vol. 492. 33 pages, 9 figures, 5 table