3,013 research outputs found
Applications of Monte Carlo analysis to tungsten resonance absorption
Applications of Monte Carlo analysis to tungsten resonance absorptio
Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models
Simultaneous inference is a common problem in many areas of application. If multiple null hypotheses are tested simultaneously, the probability of rejecting erroneously at least one of them increases beyond the pre-specified significance level. Simultaneous inference procedures have to be used which adjust for multiplicity and thus control the overall type I error rate. In this paper we describe simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters. The framework described here is quite general and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalized linear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc. Several examples using a variety of different statistical models illustrate the breadth of the results. For the analyses we use the R add-on package multcomp, which provides a convenient interface to the general approach adopted here
Extension of Case's method to the two-region critical cylinder and its application as an analytic standard
The normal mode expansion technique is applied to the transformed monoenergetic integral transport equation to develop a solution for the rotationally invariant and axially infinite, critical, two-region cylinder with a finite outer reflector boundary. Isotropic scattering and identical neutron mean free paths in the core and reflector regions are assumed. The solution in terms of singular integral equations is obtained by applying a completeness theorem found for the singular eigenfunctions. Numerical results for a variety of core and reflector multiplying properties and reflector thickness are presented and compared with the results of other method. An example of this type of application is given in a study of approximations inherent in the neutronic design analysis of a small, fast-neutron-spectrum reactor concept proposed as a space power source
Small high-temperature nuclear reactors for space power
Criticality calculations for small, cylindrical, lithium cooled reactors for space power system
Recombination Ghosts in Littrow Configuration: Implications for Spectrographs Using Volume Phase Holographic Gratings
We report the discovery of optical ghosts generated when using Volume Phase
Holographic (VPH) gratings in spectrographs employing the Littrow
configuration. The ghost is caused by light reflected off the detector surface,
recollimated by the camera, recombined by, and reflected from, the grating and
reimaged by the camera onto the detector. This recombination can occur in two
different ways. We observe this ghost in two spectrographs being developed by
the University of Wisconsin - Madison: the Robert Stobie Spectrograph for the
Southern African Large Telescope and the Bench Spectrograph for the WIYN 3.5m
telescope. The typical ratio of the brightness of the ghost relative to the
integrated flux of the spectrum is of order 10^-4, implying a recombination
efficiency of the VPH gratings of order 10^-3 or higher, consistent with the
output of rigorous coupled wave analysis. Any spectrograph employing VPH
gratings, including grisms, in Littrow configuration will suffer from this
ghost, though the general effect is not intrinsic to VPH gratings themselves
and has been observed in systems with conventional gratings in non-Littrow
configurations. We explain the geometric configurations that can result in the
ghost as well as a more general prescription for predicting its position and
brightness on the detector. We make recommendations for mitigating the ghost
effects for spectrographs and gratings currently built. We further suggest
design modifications for future VPH gratings to eliminate the problem entirely,
including tilted fringes and/or prismatic substrates. We discuss the resultant
implications on the spectrograph performance metrics.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, emulateapj style, accepted for publication in
PAS
DISCONNECTED FROM THE FRONT LINES: LACK OF WARFIGHTER EXPERIENCE IN ACQUISITIONS YIELDS UNACCEPTABLE END STATES
Over the past few decades, the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) has been under constant fire by Congress, taxpayers, and warfighters for unacceptable cost, schedule, and performance outcomes. This plague has been well documented, discussed, and many potential corrective measures implemented over the years with futile results. This leaves the warfighter with delivered capabilities not meeting actual operational needs, routinely late to field, yielding them irrelevant, and coming with unrecoverable cost overruns. One significant area of the acquisition process, the focus of this research, has the most impact on a program’s outcome yet had the least amount of change: who represents the warfighter during requirements generation and management throughout the life cycle. A program’s requirements establish the end cost, schedule, and performance thresholds that, once a program matures, are extremely difficult to change without a sizable penalty. This research documents a correlation between troubled programs and poor requirements support due to an operational knowledge gap caused by a lack of proficient end-user warfighter representatives involved and empowered in the process. Related, due to the inherent differences in views, experience, and expectations between a career acquisition professional and a warfighter, data shows a need for a blended professional within the DAS. The research shows failure to bridge this personnel gap will predictably yield the same unacceptable results.Lieutenant Commander, United States NavyCommander, United States NavyChief Warrant Officer Three, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
The DiskMass Survey. X. Radio synthesis imaging of spiral galaxies
We present results from 21 cm radio synthesis imaging of 28 spiral galaxies
from the DiskMass Survey obtained with the VLA, WSRT, and GMRT facilities. We
detail the observations and data reduction procedures and present a brief
analysis of the radio data. We construct 21 cm continuum images, global HI
emission-line profiles, column-density maps, velocity fields, and
position-velocity diagrams. From these we determine star formation rates
(SFRs), HI line widths, total HI masses, rotation curves, and
azimuthally-averaged radial HI column-density profiles. All galaxies have an HI
disk that extends beyond the readily observable stellar disk, with an average
ratio and scatter of R_{HI}/R_{25}=1.35+/-0.22, and a majority of the galaxies
appear to have a warped HI disk. A tight correlation exists between total HI
mass and HI diameter, with the largest disks having a slightly lower average
column density. Galaxies with relatively large HI disks tend to exhibit an
enhanced stellar velocity dispersion at larger radii, suggesting the influence
of the gas disk on the stellar dynamics in the outer regions of disk galaxies.
We find a striking similarity among the radial HI surface density profiles,
where the average, normalized radial profile of the late-type spirals is
described surprisingly well with a Gaussian profile. These results can be used
to estimate HI surface density profiles in galaxies that only have a total HI
flux measurement. We compare our 21 cm radio continuum luminosities with 60
micron luminosities from IRAS observations for a subsample of 15 galaxies and
find that these follow a tight radio-infrared relation, with a hint of a
deviation from this relation at low luminosities. We also find a strong
correlation between the average SFR surface density and the K-band surface
brightness of the stellar disk.Comment: 22 pages + Appendix, 16 figures + Atlas, 5 tables. Accepted for
publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic
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