35 research outputs found
How does innovation emerge in a service ecosystem?
To advance the study of innovation in complex settings, this study integrates the innovation, institutional theory, philosophy, and service-dominant logic literatures. Exploring the emergence of innovation and service ecosystem dynamics, researchers take an abductive approach anchored in over 4 years of case study data regarding a high technology solution in an Internet-of-Things setting. By framing innovation as a systemic process, the study reveals that (1) institutional reconciliation is an overlooked phase of innovation, (2) ideas are refined by four types of institutional reconciliation pressures (tensions, divergences, expected value, and service), and (3) innovation is influenced by plasticity in four ways (recursivity, temporality, complementarity, and continuity). Based on these findings, the authors outline a research agenda regarding four principles of innovation as a systemic process. The findings suggest that managers should nurture norms, rules, and beliefs through a systemic process that facilitates the emergence of innovation
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of an e-health stepped care approach for the treatment of internet use disorders versus a placebo condition: the SCAPIT study
Introduction
Excessive internet use can lead to problems for some individuals. The WHO has introduced Gaming Disorder in the International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11). Previous research has shown that other internet applications can cause serious mental health problems as well. It is important to provide measures of prevention, early intervention and therapy for internet use disorders (IUDs).
Methods and analysis
The study âStepped Care Approach for Problematic Internet use Treatmentâ is a randomised, two-arm, parallel-group, observer-blind trial. The aim of the study is to investigate if a stepped care approach is effective to reduce symptom severity for IUD. The sample is primarily recruited online with a focus on employees in companies with support of health insurances. After screening, the stepped care approach depends on the success of the previous stepâthat is, the successful reduction of criteriaâand comprise: (1) app-intervention with questionnaires and feedback, (2) two telephone counsellings (duration: 50âmin) based on motivational interviewing, (3) online therapy over 17 weeks (15 weekly group sessions, eight individual sessions) based on cognitiveâbehavioural therapy. A follow-up is conducted after 6 months. A total of 860 participants will be randomised. Hierarchical testing procedure is used to test the coprimary endpoints number of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition and ICD-11 criteria. Primary analysis will be performed with a sequential logit model.
Ethics and dissemination
The study has been approved by the Ethics Committees of the Universities of LĂŒbeck (file number: 21-068), Mainz (file number: 2021-15907) and Berlin (file number: 015.2021). Results will be reported in accordance to the CONSORT statement. If the approach is superior to the control condition, it may serve as part of treatment for IUD.
Trial registration number
DRKS00025994
Trust toward humans and trust toward artificial intelligence are not associated: Initial insights from self-report and neurostructural brain imaging
The present study examines whether self-reported trust in humans and self-reported trust in [(different) products with built-in] artificial intelligence (AI) are associated with one another and with brain structure. We sampled 90 healthy participants who provided self-reported trust in humans and AI and underwent brain structural magnetic resonance imaging assessment. We found that trust in humans, as measured by the trust facet of the personality inventory NEO-PI-R, and trust in AI products, as measured by items assessing attitudes toward AI and by a composite score based on items assessing trust toward products with in-built AI, were not significantly correlated. We also used a concomitant dimensional neuroimaging approach employing a data-driven source-based morphometry (SBM) analysis of gray-matter-density to investigate neurostructural associations with each trust domain. We found that trust in humans was negatively (and significantly) correlated with an SBM component encompassing striato-thalamic and prefrontal regions. We did not observe significant brain structural association with trust in AI. The present findings provide evidence that trust in humans and trust in AI seem to be dissociable constructs. While the personal disposition to trust in humans might be âhardwiredâ to the brainâs neurostructural architecture (at least from an individual differences perspective), a corresponding significant link for the disposition to trust AI was not observed. These findings represent an initial step toward elucidating how different forms of trust might be processed on the behavioral and brain level
Auditory training changes temporal lobe connectivity in Wernicke's aphasia: a randomised trial
Introduction Aphasia is one of the most disabling sequelae after stroke, occurring in 25%â40% of stroke survivors. However, there remains a lack of good evidence for the efficacy or mechanisms of speech comprehension rehabilitation.
Trial Design This within-subjects trial tested two concurrent interventions in 20 patients with chronic aphasia with speech comprehension impairment following left hemisphere stroke: (1) phonological training using âEarobicsâ software and (2) a pharmacological intervention using donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Donepezil was tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design using block randomisation with bias minimisation.
Methods The primary outcome measure was speech comprehension score on the comprehensive aphasia test. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) with an established index of auditory perception, the mismatch negativity response, tested whether the therapies altered effective connectivity at the lower (primary) or higher (secondary) level of the auditory network.
Results Phonological training improved speech comprehension abilities and was particularly effective for patients with severe deficits. No major adverse effects of donepezil were observed, but it had an unpredicted negative effect on speech comprehension. The MEG analysis demonstrated that phonological training increased synaptic gain in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG). Patients with more severe speech comprehension impairments also showed strengthening of bidirectional connections between the left and right STG.
Conclusions Phonological training resulted in a small but significant improvement in speech comprehension, whereas donepezil had a negative effect. The connectivity results indicated that training reshaped higher order phonological representations in the left STG and (in more severe patients) induced stronger interhemispheric transfer of information between higher levels of auditory cortex
Feasibility and safety of GliaSite brachytherapy in treatment of CNS tumors following neurosurgical resection
Purpose: To investigate feasibility and safety of GliaSite
brachytherapy for treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors
following neurosurgical resection. We report mature results of
long-term follow-up, outcomes and toxicity. Materials and Methods: In
the period from 2004 to 2007, 10 consecutive adult patients with
recurrent, newly diagnosed, and metastatic brain malignancies underwent
GliaSite brachytherapy following maximally safe neurosurgical
resection. While 6/10 (60%) patients were treated for recurrence,
having previously been treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT),
4/10 (40%) received radiotherapy (RT) for the first time. A median dose
of 52.0 Gy (range, 45.0 - 60.0 Gy) was prescribed to 0.5 cm - 1.0 cm
from the balloon surface. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG)
criteria were used to assess toxicities associated with this technique.
Follow-up was assessed with MRI scans and was available on all enrolled
patients. Results: Median follow-up was 38 months (range, 18 - 57
months). Mean size of GliaSite balloon was 3.4 cm (range, 2.0 - 4.0
cm). Median survival was 14.0 months for the entire cohort after the
treatment. The 17.6 and 16.0 months average survival for newly
diagnosed and recurrent high grade gliomas (HGG), respectively,
translated into a three-month improvement in survival in patients with
newly diagnosed HGG compared to historical controls (P = 0.033). There
were no RTOG grades 3 or 4 acute or late toxicities. Follow-up magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) imaging did not identify radiation necrosis.
Conclusions: Our data indicate that treatment with GliaSite
brachytherapy is feasible, safe and renders acceptable local control,
acute and long-term toxicities. We are embarking on testing larger
numbers of patients with this treatment modality
Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data
This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizabilityâfor the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples
Developing patient-reported outcome measures for pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations
Linking Gaming Disorder tendencies in children to their personality and parental Gaming behavior
Playing computer and video games (so-called gaming) is of great popularity among children and adults. But for some people, gaming gets out of hand and can result in a Gaming Disorder (GD). Among others, high neuroticism and low conscientiousness are considered to play a role in the etiology of GD. Next to personality traits, environmental variables are debated such as the parental influence on childrenâs gaming behavior.
In detail, parental gaming behavior could have role model functions for children. Based on empirical observations and theoretical frameworks, it was hypothesized that higher tendencies to GD in children are associated with higher neuroticism, lower conscientiousness, and higher parental tendencies to GD. In an online survey N = 493 parents (n = 472 females; age: M = 36.30, SD = 5.46) rated their own and their childrenâs (n = 233 girls, n = 260 boys; age: M = 6.03, SD = 2.30) tendencies to GD by the Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) and their childrenâs personality by the Big Five Inventory (BFI).
The data of N = 493 parents and their children was analyzed to test the associations between tendencies to GD in children with children's personality as well as parents tendencies towards GD.
Here, the raw data as well as the SPSS syntax of statistical analyses relevant for the publication are uploaded. The present project and its results will be published in Frontiers in Psychiatry.
Reference:
Wernicke, J., & Montag, C. (in press). Linking Gaming Disorder tendencies in children to their personality and parental Gaming behavior. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 748195. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.748195
The analyzed data derive from the project "Relation of parental and childhood gaming behavior as well as the connection to childrenâs tendencies to attention deficit-/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Results of a parental survey" (OSF link: https://osf.io/t82m6; publication: Wernicke, J., & Montag, C. (2021). "Gaming" im Kindesalter: Ăber die Rolle des elterlichen Gaming und kindlicher Tendenzen zur Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/HyperaktivitĂ€tsstörung. Psychotherapeut, 66(2), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-020-00488-w).
In the publication of Wernicke and Montag (2021) data of n = 249 parents and their children were analyzed. These n = 249 data sets are included in the present sample of N = 493.
Please note: One participant filled in their birthday for date of participation. The date has been removed from the data set to protect the privacy of this individual
Individual differences in tendencies to attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and emotionality: Empirical evidence in young healthy adults from Germany and China
Connection between plasma oxytocin level, ADHD tendencies and emotionality in Chinese male subjects: replication with two different ELISAs to measure oxytocin plasma levels
Baseline oxytocin plasma levels from three independent behavioural experiments were analyzed with two different commercial ELISAs. Through online post-survey participants were asked to fill in questionnaires regarding ADHD tendencies and primary emotional traits