Une joute intellectuelle au détriment du jeu? Claude Lévi-Strauss vs Roger Caillois (1954-1974)

En 1954-1955, un violent débat intellectuel opposa Roger Caillois à Claude Lévi-Strauss autour du relativisme culturel. Prenant la forme d’une joute oratoire, ce conflit marqua ces deux grandes figures de la vie intellectuelle française. Par la suite, il est remarquable que Caillois se posait en théoricien du jeu, tandis que Lévi-Strauss semblait éviter de relancer la polémique en se désintéressant du sujet. L’influence du structuralisme explique peut-être en partie le manque d’intérêt que les ethnologues manifestèrent alors pour les activités ludiques.In the years 1954-1955, a violent intellectual debate opposed Roger Caillois to Claude Lévi-Strauss around the issue of cultural relativism. This confrontation which took the form of an oratory joust has left profound marks on these two great Frech intellectual figures. It is remarkable that afterwards, Caillios posed himself as a theorician of games, while Claude Lévi-Strauss seemed to avoid the polemic by disinteresting himself from the topic. The lasting influence of structuralism may explain in part the lack of interest of ethnologists toward ludic activities

Severe osteoarticular involvement in isotretinoin-triggered acne fulminans: two cases successfully treated with anakinra.

Acne fulminans (AF) is a severe form of inflammatory and ulcerated acne associated with fever, malaise, joint swellings and polyarthralgia.1 Osteoarticular lesions are often described and can be radiologically indistinguishable from those observed in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome.2,3 SAPHO is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by osteoarticular and cutaneous manifestations, the latter including nodular and fulminans acne, hidradenitis suppurativa and palmoplantar pustulosis.3 Thus, AF is considered part of the SAPHO spectrum.

A Classification of Feminist Theories

In this paper I criticize Alison Jaggar’s descriptions of feminist political theories. I propose an alternative classification of feminist theories that I think more accurately reflects the multiplication of feminist theories and philosophies. There are two main categories, “street theory” and academic theories, each with two sub-divisions, political spectrum and “differences” under street theory, and directly and indirectly political analyses under academic theories. My view explains why there are no radical feminists outside of North America and why there are so few socialist feminists inside North America. I argue, controversially, that radical feminism is a radical version of liberalism. I argue that “difference” feminist theories – theory by and about feminists of colour, queer feminists, feminists with disabilities and so on – belong in a separate sub-category of street theory, because they’ve had profound effects on feminist activism not tracked by traditional left-to-right classifications. Finally, I argue that, while academic feminist theories such as feminist existentialism or feminist sociological theory are generally unconnected to movement activism, they provide important feminist insights that may become importanby showing the advantages of my classification over Jaggar’s views.Une analyse critique de la description des théories politiques féministes révèle qu’une classification alternative à celle de Jaggar permettrait de répertorier plus adéquatement les différents courants féministes qui ont évolués au cours des dernières décennies. La nouvelle cartographie que nous proposons comprend deux familles de féminisme : activiste et académique. Cette nouvelle manière de localiser et situer les féminismes aide à comprendre pourquoi il n’y a pas de féminisme radical à l’extérieur de l’Amérique du Nord et aussi pourquoi il y a si peu de féministes socialistes en Amérique du Nord. Dans ce nouveau schème, le féminisme de la «différence» devient une sous-catégorie du féminisme activiste car ce courant a eu une influence importante sur le féminisme activiste. Même si les courants de féminisme académique n’ont pas de rapports directs avec les mouvements activistes, ils jouent un rôle important dans l’énonciation et l’élaboration de certaines problématiques qui, ensuite, peuvent s’avérer cruciales pour les activistes. Nous concluons en démontrant que cette nouvelle classification représente plus clairement les différents féminismes et faciinfluencé le féminisme

Enhancing Splinting Confidence through Inter-Residency Education: An Educational Workshop

Introduction. The initial treatment for many orthopaedic injuries is splinting. Unfortunately, formal musculoskeletal training is limited in primary care leading to deficiencies in competency and confidence. Suboptimal splints can result in complications such as skin breakdown, worsening of deformity, and increased pain. Our orthopaedic surgery clinic often cares for patients who initially present to an emergency department or primary care clinic for their orthopaedic injury. Previous studies have shown that a high number of splints are applied improperly in the primary care setting, which could result in in avoidable skin complications and fracture instability. Methods. Orthopaedic surgery residents held a splinting workshop for family medicine residents. The workshop involved didactic and skills portions. Pre- and post-surveys were administered using a 10-point scale to assess confidence in applying three common splints. The data were analyzed using student’s t-test and qualitative feedback. Results. Confidence in applying and molding each splint type improved significantly (p < 0.05). Knowledge in splint construction improved significantly as well (p < 0.05). Subjective feedback was positive. Conclusion. These results showed inter-residency education can increase residents’ confidence in skill-based medical care significantly. The results are encouraging and should facilitate further collaboration between multispecialty residency programs to improve patient care. Further investigation is needed to determine how well skills gained in workshop are retained

Specific interactions leading to transgressive overyielding in cover crop mixtures

Growing mixtures of species instead of sole crops is expected to increase the ecosystem services provided by cover crops. This study aimed at understanding the interactions between species and investigating how they affect the performance of the mixture. Four species were combined in six bispecific mixtures in a field experiment. The performance of each species when grown in a mixture was compared to its performance as a sole crop at different sowing densities, to characterise the influence of intra- and interspecific competition for each species. Intra- and interspecific competition coefficients were quantified using a response surface design and the hyperbolic yield-density equation. Interactions between the four species ranged from facilitation to competition. Most of the mixtures exhibited transgressive overyielding. Without nitrogen (N) fertilisation, high complementarity between species allowed to achieve the highest biomass. With N fertilisation, high dominance of one mixture component should be avoided to achieve good performance. A revised approach in the use of the land equivalent ratio for the evaluation of cover crop mixtures is also proposed in this study. It allows to better identify transgressive overyielding in mixtures and to better characterise the effect of one species on the other within the mixture

Tracking dynamics of functional brain networks using dense EEG

International audienceCognition is formed from networks between functionally specific but distributed brain regions. A very challenging issue in cognition is how to precisely track brain networks at very short temporal scales (often very short <1s). So far, very few studies have addressed this problem as it requires high temporal and spatial resolution simultaneously. Due to its excellent temporal resolution, Electroencephalography (EEG) is a key neuroimaging technique to access real-time information flow among large scale neuronal networks. Here, we propose a new method based on EEG source connectivity to map large-scale networks at high temporal (in the order of ms) and spatial (~1000 regions of interest) resolution. We show clear evidence of the ability of EEG source connectivity to track brain networks with high time/space resolutions during picture naming task. Our results reveal that the cognitive process can be decomposed into a sequence of transiently-stable and partially-overlapping networks. Our qualitative and quantitative observations show that the identified brain networks are in accordance with results reported in the literature regarding involved brain areas during the analyzed task

Influência da miniestaquia seriada no vigor radicular de clones de Eucalyptus grandis.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da técnica de miniestaquia seriada no vigor radicular das mudas de quatro clones de Eucalyptus grandis. Após a realização de sete subcultivos de miniestaquia, as miniestacas foram enraizadas em condições de casa de vegetação (25 dias), com aclimatação de 10 dias em casa de sombra e avaliação final das mudas realizada aos 50 dias de idade, em pleno sol. De modo geral, os subcultivos de miniestaquia seriada promoveram aumento no número de raízes e proporcionaram maior vigor radicular inicial nos clones de menor potencial de enraizamento, indicando efeito positivo da miniestaquia seriada em clones de Eucalyptus com relação às características