Has the Time Come for Doctor Death: Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?

A true doctor-assisted suicide can be distinguished from euthanasia in that the patient is actually bringing his or her own life to an end. The doctor in some way facilitates the action, either by providing the means for the suicide, such as in the New England Journal of Medicine article, or by giving the patient some kind of instruction as to the best way of carrying out the act. The difference lies in the fact that it is the patient killing him or herself with the help or advice of a physician, not the physician acting directly to shorten the life of a patient, as in euthanasia. The distinction becomes blurred in reality, however, because often there are no reliable witnesses to the suicide to verify that the doctor took no affirmative steps to end the life of the patient. In other instances, the patient may desperately want to kill him or herself but is too weak to do so; thus the doctor actually carries out the life-shortening act. Therefore, any discussion of doctor-assisted suicide must include a discussion of euthanasia, because the two are often indistinguishable

Numerical Analysis of a New Mixed Formulation for Eigenvalue Convection-Diffusion Problems

A mixed formulation is proposed and analyzed mathematically for coupled convection-diffusion in heterogeneous medias. Transfer in solid parts driven by pure diffusion is coupled with convection-diffusion transfer in fluid parts. This study is carried out for translation-invariant geometries (general infinite cylinders) and unidirectional flows. This formulation brings to the fore a new convection-diffusion operator, the properties of which are mathematically studied: its symmetry is first shown using a suitable scalar product. It is proved to be self-adjoint with compact resolvent on a simple Hilbert space. Its spectrum is characterized as being composed of a double set of eigenvalues: one converging towards −∞ and the other towards +∞, thus resulting in a nonsectorial operator. The decomposition of the convection-diffusion problem into a generalized eigenvalue problem permits the reduction of the original three-dimensional problem into a two-dimensional one. Despite the operator being nonsectorial, a complete solution on the infinite cylinder, associated to a step change of the wall temperature at the origin, is exhibited with the help of the operator’s two sets of eigenvalues/eigenfunctions. On the computational point of view, a mixed variational formulation is naturally associated to the eigenvalue problem. Numerical illustrations are provided for axisymmetrical situations, the convergence of which is found to be consistent with the numerical discretization

A numerical and experimental study of wavy ice structure in a parallel plate channel

The paper presents a numerical model for predicting steady-state ice formation inside a cooled, parallel plate channel. The study takes into account the strong interactions occuring between the turbulent flow, the shape of the ice and the heat transfer at the ice-water interface, which lead to the formation of wavy ice layers. The presented model is found to be able to predict realistic variations of the ice layer thickness for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and cooling parameters. The numerical results were verified by comparing with own measurements and good agreement was found

An improved size and refractive index measurement of a pentadecane single droplet in a heated chamber

The pentadecane single droplet size of less than 20 µm and its refractive index were measured at various ambient temperatures of 100, 120, 150 and 180 °C. The experimental setup was equipped with the high speed linear CCD camera to give sharp and clearly visible MDRs (Morphology Dependent Resonances) structure from the droplet refractive index. The valve of the heated chamber was closed during the experiment until the droplet disappeared from the chamber to increase the measurement time of about 2 folds in order to obtain more experimental data of the droplet behaviors. The cooling device was mounted on the heated chamber to improve boundary condition and smooth the ambient temperature. The obtained droplet sizes were in good agreement with both the D2 law and the Rapid Mixing Model (RMM), while the measured droplet refractive index values were closed to those calculated from the previous reported formula. This has indicated the reliability and applicability of this improved measurement technique for a better understanding of the real fuel droplet behaviors in a combustion system

EuroBarley:control of leaf diseases in barley across Europe

Barley crops are at risk of being attacked by several leaf diseases. Net blotch, brown rust, Rhynchosporium and Ramularia leaf spot are among the most widespread and can cause severe attack and yield losses. Two trial protocols targeting Ramularia and net blotch, respectively, have been tested in several countries in 2021 and 2022. Ramularia trials were situated in Germany, Ireland, Scotland, and Denmark. The net blotch trials were placed in Denmark, Belgium, the UK, Germany, Finland, and France. In the two protocols, 12–13 different fungicide solutions including co-formulations of DMIs, SDHIs, QoIs, and multi-site inhibitors have been tested to compare efficacy and yield responses. Against Ramularia leaf spot, the fungicides were applied at GS 47–51 and against net blotch at GS 37–45. In six trials, the efficacy against Ramularia leaf spot was scored. The results showed a superior control from the co-formulation fluxapyroxad + metyltetraprole (78–100% control), but also solo mefentrifluconazole and the mixtures fluxapyroxad + mefentrifluconazole performed well (average 74–76% control). The mixture fluxapyroxad + metyltetraprole provided the best yield increase followed by Ascra Xpro. Folpet as a solo solution was inferior. Following the net blotch protocol, only three trials developed enough disease to rank the different fungicides; however, in five trials ranking against brown rust was also possible. Most treatments gave very good control of net blotch, and brown rust (&gt; 80% control). The mixture fluxapyroxad + metyltetraprole delivered the best control against all diseases overall. Average yield responses from eight trials showed very similar increases from the tested fungicides.</p

EuroBarley:control of leaf diseases in barley across Europe

Barley crops are at risk of being attacked by several leaf diseases. Net blotch, brown rust, Rhynchosporium and Ramularia leaf spot are among the most widespread and can cause severe attack and yield losses. Two trial protocols targeting Ramularia and net blotch, respectively, have been tested in several countries in 2021 and 2022. Ramularia trials were situated in Germany, Ireland, Scotland, and Denmark. The net blotch trials were placed in Denmark, Belgium, the UK, Germany, Finland, and France. In the two protocols, 12–13 different fungicide solutions including co-formulations of DMIs, SDHIs, QoIs, and multi-site inhibitors have been tested to compare efficacy and yield responses. Against Ramularia leaf spot, the fungicides were applied at GS 47–51 and against net blotch at GS 37–45. In six trials, the efficacy against Ramularia leaf spot was scored. The results showed a superior control from the co-formulation fluxapyroxad + metyltetraprole (78–100% control), but also solo mefentrifluconazole and the mixtures fluxapyroxad + mefentrifluconazole performed well (average 74–76% control). The mixture fluxapyroxad + metyltetraprole provided the best yield increase followed by Ascra Xpro. Folpet as a solo solution was inferior. Following the net blotch protocol, only three trials developed enough disease to rank the different fungicides; however, in five trials ranking against brown rust was also possible. Most treatments gave very good control of net blotch, and brown rust (&gt; 80% control). The mixture fluxapyroxad + metyltetraprole delivered the best control against all diseases overall. Average yield responses from eight trials showed very similar increases from the tested fungicides.</p

The 63^{63}Ni(n,γ\gamma) cross section measured with DANCE

The neutron capture cross section of the s-process branch nucleus $^{63}$Ni affects the abundances of other nuclei in its region, especially $^{63}$Cu and $^{64}$Zn. In order to determine the energy dependent neutron capture cross section in the astrophysical energy region, an experiment at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has been performed using the calorimetric 4$\pi$ BaF$_2$ array DANCE. The (n,$\gamma$) cross section of $^{63}$Ni has been determined relative to the well known $^{197}$Au standard with uncertainties below 15%. Various $^{63}$Ni resonances have been identified based on the Q-value. Furthermore, the s-process sensitivity of the new values was analyzed with the new network calculation tool NETZ.Comment: 11 pages, 13 page

Bares y cantinas gay en Guadalajara. La vida nocturna como espacios de organización y resistencia

Esta investigación trata de las identidades dentro del movimiento lésbico–gay– bisexual–transgénero–transexual-queer-intersexual-asexual (LGBT+) en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara (AMG), y la manera en la que los miembros de este movimiento utilizan los establecimientos nocturnos de entretenimiento como trincheras y espacios de encuentro, los cuales ofrecen diversas posibilidades de formas alternativas de expresión social y cultural en un contexto mayoritariamente conservador. Para adentrarnos un poco más en la comunidad LGBT+ nos pareció pertinente rescatar algunos de los conceptos menos conocidos por la sociedad mexicana. Uno de ellos es el transgénero que incluye a las personas que tienen una identidad de género que difiere del sexo que les fue asignado al nacer (MFMER, 2020). Por otro lado, el término queer es usado por algunos jóvenes como una identidad para no identificarse como hombre o mujer, lo que también se conoce como géneros binarios (APA, 2017). Otro término que quisimos explicar es el intersexual, el cual se refiere a las variaciones corporales de las características sexuales (genitales, gónadas, niveles hormonales, cromosomas) que se originan durante el desarrollo de la diferenciación sexual en la etapa embrionaria (Pérez, 2020). Y finalmente la asexualidad, que es una orientación sexual en la cual una persona experimenta poca o ninguna atracción sexual hacia otra persona o ningún deseo de contacto sexual (Kaur, 2019).ITESO, A.C

Bares y cantinas gay en Guadalajara. La vida nocturna como espacios de organización y resistencia

Esta investigación trata de las identidades dentro del movimiento lésbico–gay– bisexual–transgénero–transexual-queer-intersexual-asexual (LGBT+) en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara (AMG), y la manera en la que los miembros de este movimiento utilizan los establecimientos nocturnos de entretenimiento como trincheras y espacios de encuentro, los cuales ofrecen diversas posibilidades de formas alternativas de expresión social y cultural en un contexto mayoritariamente conservador.ITESO, A.C