1,473 research outputs found
Economic Policy Coordination in the EMU: Implications for the Stability Pact
currency; economic integration; EMU; Euro; European Central Bank; political economy
Semiclassical spin damping: Superradiance revisited
A well known description of superradiance from pointlike collections of many
atoms involves the dissipative motion of a large spin. The pertinent
``superradiance master equation'' allows for a formally exact solution which we
subject to a semiclassical evaluation. The clue is a saddle-point approximation
for an inverse Laplace transform. All previous approximate treatments,
disparate as they may appear, are encompassed in our systematic formulation. A
byproduct is a hitherto unknown rigorous relation between coherences and
probabilities. Our results allow for generalizations to spin dynamics with
chaos in the classical limit.Comment: 12 pages standard revtex; to be published in EPJ
Classical versus Quantum Time Evolution of Densities at Limited Phase-Space Resolution
We study the interrelations between the classical (Frobenius-Perron) and the
quantum (Husimi) propagator for phase-space (quasi-)probability densities in a
Hamiltonian system displaying a mix of regular and chaotic behavior. We focus
on common resonances of these operators which we determine by blurring
phase-space resolution. We demonstrate that classical and quantum time
evolution look alike if observed with a resolution much coarser than a Planck
cell and explain how this similarity arises for the propagators as well as
their spectra. The indistinguishability of blurred quantum and classical
evolution implies that classical resonances can conveniently be determined from
quantum mechanics and in turn become effective for decay rates of quantum
correlations.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
The role of heterogeneous agents in fuel markets: Testing tales of speculators in oil markets
This study investigates the role of heterogeneous agents in oil markets and tests tales of speculators in oil price formation. Results obtained from using a non-linear heterogeneous agent model suggest that oil market prices are driven by different groups of speculators, namely fundamentalists, chartists and the newly introduced contrarians. The latter enable us to disentangle stabilizing effects previously attributed solely to fundamentalists, and they are on average the most dominating group, whereas chartists exacerbate the huge price swings in 1990, 2008 and 2011. We also show how sensitive the model outcomes are to the specification of the fundamental value, what has strong economic implications
Критерии формы поперечного сечения взрывной скважины
Предложены критерии оценки форм поперечного сечения скважины, полностью заполненной удлиненным зарядом взрывчатого вещества. Критерии рассмотрены с точки зрения эффективности взрывного воздействия на горную породу и могут быть использованы при создании и обосновании конструкций бурового инструмента. Анализ геометрических форм поперечных сечений взрывной полости в виде правильных фигур показал, что имеется взаимосвязь критериев, конкретное значение которых может быть определено для имеющихся конструкций бурового инструмента.Proposed criteria for the assessment of the bag of cross-section of the borehole is completely filled elongated explosive charge. Criteria considered from the point of view of the ability to influence the result of the explosive impact and can be used to create and justify the constructions of the drilling tool. The analysis of geometrical forms of cross sections of the explosive borehole in the form of correct figures have shown that there is a relationship of the considered criteria, however, a specific value can be determined for the existing designs of drilling tools
Refractive error sensing from wavefront slopes
15 páginas, 8 figuras, 2 tablas.The problem of measuring the objective refractive error with an aberrometer has shown to be more elusive than expected.
Here, the formalism of differential geometry is applied to develop a theoretical framework of refractive error sensing. At each
point of the pupil, the local refractive error is given by the wavefront curvature, which is a 2 2 symmetric matrix, whose
elements are directly related to sphere, cylinder, and axis. Aberrometers usually measure the local gradient of the
wavefront. Then refractive error sensing consists of differentiating the gradient, instead of integrating as in wavefront
sensing. A statistical approach is proposed to pass from the local to the global (clinically meaningful) refractive error, in\ud
which the best correction is assumed to be the maximum likelihood estimation. In the practical implementation, this
corresponds to the mode of the joint histogram of the 3 different elements of the curvature matrix. Results obtained both in
computer simulations and with real data provide a close agreement and consistency with the main optical image quality
metrics such as the Strehl ratio.This research has been supported by the Spanish
CICyT, Grant FIS2008-00697, and Red Española de
Optometría (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación,
SAF2008-01114-E).Peer reviewe
Chromosomal Localization of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen Gene Family and Differential Expression in Various Tumors
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein which is important as a tumor marker for a number of human cancers. It is a member of a gene family comprising about 10 closely related genes. In order to characterize mUNAs transcribed from individual genes we have identified by DNA and RNA hybridization experiments, gene-specific sequences from the 3 ' noncoding regions of CEA, and of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) mRNAs, which have been recently cloned. With these probes, CEA mRNAs with lengths of 3.5 and 3.0 kilobases and an NCA mRNA species of 2.5 kilobases were identified in various human tumors. A 2.2-kilobase mRNA species, however, could only be detected in leu kocytes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia by hybridization with a probe from the immunoglobulin-like repeat domain of CEA. This region is known to be very similar among the various members of the CEA gene family, and indeed the probe hybridizes with all four mRNA species. In situ hybridization with a cross-hybridizing probe from the NCA gene localized the members of the CEA gene family to the short and to the long arm of chromosome 19. In addition, a CEA cDNA probe was found to hybridize to the long arm of chromosome 19 only
Poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) featuring a central amino moiety
Abstract The incorporation of an amino group into a bifunctional initiator for the cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) is achieved in a two‐step reaction. Detailed kinetic studies using 2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline demonstrate the initiators’ eligibility for the CROP yielding well‐defined polymers featuring molar masses of about 2000 g mol –1 . Deprotection of the phthalimide moiety subsequent to polymerization enables the introduction of a cyclooctyne group in central position of the polymer which is further exploited in a strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide click reaction (SpAAC) with a Fmoc‐protected azido lysine representing a commonly used binding motif for site specific polymer–protein/peptide conjugation. In‐depth characterization via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI) confirms the success of all post polymerization modification steps
Impulse
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