It's making us look disgusting…and it makes me feel like a mink…it makes me feel depressed!: using photovoice to help ‘see’ and understand the perspectives of disadvantaged young people about the neighbourhood determinants of their mental well-being.

There is growing recognition that poor adolescent mental well-being is a serious global health issue. Research exploring adult mental well-being issues has shown positive and negative associations with environmental factors such as quality of the neighbourhoods and social support. However, little is known about young people's notions of mental well-being, or factors they associate with generating, sustaining or eroding it. A qualitative community-based participatory research study was conducted using photovoice (PV), with young people attending a youth project based in a deprived inner-city neighbourhood in Scotland. The research enabled participants to identify and explore aspects of their neighbourhood they experienced as having a direct impact on their mental well-being. The following themes emerged as those most important to participants' mental well-being: (1) perceived levels of local neighbourhood investment and care; (2) access to various forms of capital (including social, economic and natural capital) and (3) fears about personal safety. Concerns about being perceived as poor by others and feeling neglected by city officials and councillors also pervaded participants' accounts. Young people actively engaged in this research and helped generate rich, contextualised data about their lives and neighbourhoods. Moreover, they identified feasible, locally based remedies to perceived problems. PV is a powerful tool for engaging disadvantaged adolescents in research about their health. This study revealed that there are several important and modifiable aspects of the neighbourhood environment that if remedial actions were taken, it could have a beneficial effect on young people's mental well-being

The biomechanical function of periodontal ligament fibres in orthodontic tooth movement

Orthodontic tooth movement occurs as a result of resorption and formation of the alveolar bone due to an applied load, but the stimulus responsible for triggering orthodontic tooth movement remains the subject of debate. It has been suggested that the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a key role. However, the mechanical function of the PDL in orthodontic tooth movement is not well understood as most mechanical models of the PDL to date have ignored the fibrous structure of the PDL. In this study we use finite element (FE) analysis to investigate the strains in the alveolar bone due to occlusal and orthodontic loads when PDL is modelled as a fibrous structure as compared to modelling PDL as a layer of solid material. The results show that the tension-only nature of the fibres essentially suspends the tooth in the tooth socket and their inclusion in FE models makes a significant difference to both the magnitude and distribution of strains produced in the surrounding bone. The results indicate that the PDL fibres have a very important role in load transfer between the teeth and alveolar bone and should be considered in FE studies investigating the biomechanics of orthodontic tooth movement. © 2014 McCormack et al

Masticatory biomechanics in the rabbit : a multi-body dynamics analysis

Acknowledgement We thank Sue Taft (University of Hull) for the µCT-scanning of the rabbit specimen used in this study. We also thank Raphaël Cornette, Jacques Bonnin, Laurent Dufresne, and l'Amicale des Chasseurs Trappistes (ACT) for providing permission and helping us capture the rabbits used for the in vivo bite force measurements at la Réserve Naturelle Nationale de St Quentin en Yvelines, France.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Exploration of family carers' experiences of support for rapid discharge arrangements for end-of-life care at home: a qualitative study.

Family carers play an integral role in achieving successful hospital discharge, especially when people would prefer to die at home (Larsson et al. 2018). In the North East of Scotland, there is a lack of information on how prepared family carers were, when their loved ones were discharged rapidly from hospital to home. The aim of this study was to explore these carers' experiences of support for rapid discharge for end-of-life care at home. This presentation was awarded the "Scientific Reviewers' Prize" at the 2022 NHS Grampian Research and Development Conference

Emotional support in palliative care nursing: a concept analysis.

This thesis reports a study that aimed to examine the use of the term emotional support within palliative care nursing. The term žemotional supportŸ appears frequently in the nursing literature, however, there is no clear definition of what it is and its application in nursing practice. Thus resulting in a vague and ambiguous term, raising concerns about the evidence underpinning such practice. Palliative care nurses are expected to enable patients, families and carers to cope with their situation by showing compassion and sensitivity. However, the lack of research evidence to clarify the meaning of the term emotional support in their work remains unclear, with little evidence available in the literature by way of attempts to clarify this confusion. This research study set out to address this gap in relation to palliative care nursing. The methodological approach of concept analysis was adopted to help identify, clarify and define the characteristics of the term emotional support in palliative care nursing. The data was collected by means of a literature review, underpinned by a search strategy of relevant databases using key words. Data analysis followed the Walker and Avant (2005a) approach and the main findings showed eight defining attributes for the term emotional support in palliative care nursing. These were žFeelings and EmotionsŸ, žCommunicationŸ, žUnderstandingŸ, žCaringŸ, žProviding InformationŸ, žBeing ThereŸ, žListeningŸ, and žSupportŸ. The defining attributes were then used to construct model, borderline, related and contrary cases to illustrate what emotional support is and what it is not. The thesis concludes that emotional support is an umbrella term which calls on a wide range of nursing skills, behaviours and actions resulting in a multidimensional approach. Further empirical research is needed to explore its multidimensional form and to inform evidence based palliative care nursing practice

Inclusion of periodontal ligament fibres in mandibular finite element models leads to an increase in alveolar bone strains

Alveolar bone remodelling is vital for the success of dental implants and orthodontic treatments. However, the underlying biomechanical mechanisms, in particular the function of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in bone loading and remodelling, are not well understood. The PDL is a soft fibrous connective tissue that joins the tooth root to the alveolar bone and plays a critical role in the transmission of loads from the tooth to the surrounding bone. However, due to its complex structure, small size and location within the tooth socket it is difficult to study in vivo. Finite element analysis (FEA) is an ideal tool with which to investigate the role of the PDL, however inclusion of the PDL in FE models is complex and time consuming, therefore consideration must be given to how it is included. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of including the PDL and its fibrous structure in mandibular finite element models. A high-resolution model of a human molar region was created from micro-computed tomography scans. This is the first time that the fibrous structure of the PDL has been included in a model with realistic tooth and bone geometry. The results show that omission of the PDL creates a more rigid model, reducing the strains observed in the mandibular corpus which are of interest when considering mandibular functional morphology. How the PDL is modelled also affects the strains. The inclusion of PDL fibres alters the strains in the mandibular bone, increasing the strains in the tooth socket compared to PDL modelled without fibres. As strains in the alveolar bone are thought to play a key role in bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement, future FE analyses aimed at improving our understanding and management of orthodontic treatment should include the fibrous structure of the PDL

Comparative cranial biomechanics in two lizard species: impact of variation in cranial design

Cranial morphology in lepidosaurs is highly disparate and characterised by the frequent loss or reduction of bony elements. In varanids and geckos, the loss of the postorbital bar is associated with changes in skull shape, but the mechanical principles underlying this variation remain poorly understood. Here, we sought to determine how the overall cranial architecture and the presence of the postorbital bar relate to the loading and deformation of the cranial bones during biting in lepidosaurs. Using computer-based simulation techniques, we compared cranial biomechanics in the varanid Varanus niloticus and the teiid Salvator merianae, two large, active foragers. The overall strain magnitude and distribution across the cranium were similar in the two species, despite lower strain gradients in V. niloticus. In S. merianae, the postorbital bar is important for resistance of the cranium to feeding loads. The postorbital ligament, which in varanids partially replaces the postorbital bar, does not affect bone strain. Our results suggest that the reduction of the postorbital bar impaired neither biting performance nor the structural resistance of the cranium to feeding loads in V. niloticus. Differences in bone strain between the two species might reflect demands imposed by feeding and non-feeding functions on cranial shape. Beyond variation in cranial bone strain related to species-specific morphological differences, our results reveal that similar mechanical behaviour is shared by lizards with distinct cranial shapes. Contrary to the situation in mammals, the morphology of the circumorbital region, calvaria and palate appears to be important for withstanding high feeding loads in these lizards

An assessment of the role of the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli in the cranium of the cat (Felis silvestris catus)

© 2018 The Author(s). The falx cerebri and the tentorium cerebelli are two projections of the dura mater in the cranial cavity which ossify to varying degrees in some mammalian species. The idea that the ossification of these structures may be necessary to support the loads arising during feeding has been proposed and dismissed in the past, but never tested quantitatively. To address this, a biomechanical model of a domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) skull was created and the material properties of the falx and tentorium were varied for a series of loading regimes incorporating the main masticatory and neck muscles during biting. Under these loading conditions, ossification of the falx cerebri does not have a significant impact on the stress in the cranial bones. In the case of the tentorium, however, a localized increase in stress was observed in the parietal and temporal bones, including the tympanic bulla, when a non-ossified tentorium was modelled. These effects were consistent across the different analyses, irrespective of loading regime. The results suggest that ossification of the tentorium cerebelli may play a minor role during feeding activities by decreasing the stress in the back of the skull

Core data set on safety, efficacy, and durability of hemophilia gene therapy for a global registry: Communication from the SSC of the ISTH

BackgroundGene therapy for people with hemophilia (PWH) will soon become available outside current clinical trials. The World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH), in collaboration with International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Scientific and Standardization Committee (ISTH SSC), the European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC), the US National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF), the American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network (ATHN), industry gene therapy development partners and Regulatory liaisons have developed the Gene Therapy Registry (GTR), designed to collect long- term data on all PWH who receive hemophilia gene therapy.ObjectiveThe objectives of the GTR are to record the long- term safety and efficacy data post gene therapy infusion and to assess the changes in quality of life and burden of disease post- gene- therapy infusion.MethodsThe GTR is a prospective, observational, and longitudinal registry developed under the guidance of a multi- stakeholder GTR Steering Committee (GTR SC), composed of health care professionals, patient advocates, industry representatives, and regulatory agency liaisons. All PWH who receive gene therapy by clinical trial or commercial product will be invited to enrol in the registry through their hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). The registry aims to recruit 100% of eligible post gene therapy PWH globally. Through an iterative process, and following the guidance of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the GTR SC has developed a core set of data to be collected on all patients post gene therapy.ResultsThe core data set includes demographic information, vector infusion details, safety, efficacy, quality of life and burden of disease.ConclusionsThe GTR is a global effort to ensure that long term safety and efficacy outcomes are recorded and analysed and rare adverse events, in a small patient population, are identified. Many unknowns on the long- term safety and efficacy of gene therapy for hemophilia may also be addressed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163440/2/jth15023.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163440/1/jth15023_am.pd