Contemporary management of primary parapharyngeal space tumors

The parapharyngeal space is a complex anatomical area. Primary parapharyngeal tumors are rare tumors and 80% of them are benign. A variety of tumor types can develop in this location; most common are salivary gland neoplasm and neurogenic tumors. The management of these tumors has improved greatly owing to the developments in imaging techniques, surgery, and radiotherapy. Most tumors can be removed with a low rate of complications and recurrence. The transcervical approach is the most frequently used. In some cases, minimally invasive approaches may be used alone or in combination with a limited transcervical route, allowing large tumors to be removed by reducing morbidity of expanded approaches. An adequate knowledge of the anatomy and a careful surgical plan is essential to tailor management according to the patient and the tumor. The purpose of the present review was to update current aspects of knowledge related to this more challenging area of tumor occurrence.Peer reviewe

安定なアルモールの合成と性質解明

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第18825号理博第4083号新制||理||1587(附属図書館)31776京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻(主査)教授 時任 宣博, 教授 大須賀 篤弘, 教授 丸岡 啓二学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA

Prevalence of Hearing Impairment by Age: 2nd to 10th Decades of Life

Background: Accurate data on the prevalence of hearing impairment and severity across age and gender are paramount to formulate hearing health policies. Here, we sought to analyze audiometric data from a large group of age-diverse people in Japan, which has not been previously described in detail. Methods: We analyzed retrospective hearing threshold data of 23,860 participants (10–99 years; left-right hearing threshold difference <15 dB; air-bone gap ≤10 dB) at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz, and then classified them for hearing impairment severity according to the WHO Classification. Findings: There was a significant gender difference in median hearing thresholds, starting in 20-year-olds up to early 80-year-olds. Twenty-five percent of men in their late 50s had some level of HI, ~50% in their late 60s, and ~75% in their late 70s. For women, 25% had some level of HI in their early 60s, ~50% in their early 70s, and ~75% in their late 70s. For participants in their early 80s, 50% of either gender had moderate or more severe HI. Interpretation: Our results, derived from a large number of participants, provide basic information about the prevalence of hearing loss by age decade. Since people can expect to live longer than those in previous generations, our detailed data can inform national social systems responsible for hearing screening in making decisions about hearing-aid qualification, which may reduce barriers to older people’s independence, productivity, and quality of life

Synthesis, structure and reactivity of a 1-bromoalumole.

A stable 1-bromoalumole has been synthesized by the reaction of a 1, 4-dilithio-1, 3-butadiene derivative with AlBr[3]. The 1-bromoalumole was found to exist as a dimeric structure in the crystalline state. Reaction of the 1-bromoalumole with Mes[*]Li afforded the corresponding Mes[*]-substituted alumole (Mes[*] = 2, 4, 6-(t-Bu)[3]C[6]H[2]), demonstrating the potential of the 1-bromoalumole for the functionalization of alumoles

Syntheses and structures of a stable gallole free of Lewis base coordination and its dianion

A stable Lewis base-free gallole bearing a bulky Mes[*] group (=2, 4, 6-(t-Bu)[3]C[6]H[2]) was synthesized by the treatment of Mes[*]GaCl[2] with a 3, 6-dilithio-3, 5-octadiene derivative. Reduction of the gallole with lithium metal afforded the corresponding gallole dianion species as a lithium salt. Structures of the gallole and the lithium salt of the gallole dianion have been elucidated by using X-ray crystallographic analysis, NMR spectroscopies, and density functional theory calculation

A comparison of assessment procedures for pica

Pica is a potentially life-threatening behavior problem displayed by many individuals with developmental disabilities that can result in serious medical complications. The purpose of this study was to compare findings from a functional analysis (FA), which is the state of the art method of behavioral assessment, with two indirect assessment measures: the Motivational Assessment Scale (MAS) and the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF). For three participants, results from the indirect measures paralleled those of the FA in identifying the function of pica. The indirect measures were more cost and time efficient. Use of these indirect methods of assessment not only identified the functional relations that served to maintain pica, but also served as a simpler, less time consuming and accurate alternative to an FA. When an FA is time or cost prohibitive, use of the MAS and QABF may be helpful in suggesting the function of pica