36,384 research outputs found
Combined riblet and lebu drag reduction system
The invention is a system of flow control devices which result in reduced skin friction on aerodynamic and hydrodynamic surfaces. The devices cause a breakup of large-scale disturbances in the boundary layer of the flow field. The riblet device acts to reduce disturbances near the boundary layer wall by the use of longitudinal striations forming V-shaped grooves. These grooves are dimensional on the order of the wall vortices and turbulent burst dimensions. The large eddy breakup device is a small strip or airfoil which is suspended in the upper region of the boundary layer. Various physical mechanisms cause a disruption of the large-scale vortices. The combination of the devices of this invention result in a substantial reduction in skin friction drag
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Decomposing socioeconomic inequalities in childhood obesity: Evidence from Ireland
The objective of this paper is to quantify and decompose the socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity in the Republic of Ireland. The analysis is performed using data from the first wave of the Growing Up in Ireland survey, a nationally representative survey of 8568 nine-year-old children conducted in 2007 and 2008. We estimate concentration indices to quantify the extent of the socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity and undertake a subsequent decomposition analysis to pinpoint the key factors underpinning the observed inequalities. Overall the results confirm a strong socioeconomic gradient in childhood obesity in the Republic of Ireland. Concentration indices of obesity (CI = −0.168) and overweight/obese (CI = −0.057) show that the gradient is more pronounced in obese children, while results from the decomposition analysis suggest that the majority of the inequality in childhood obesity is explained by parental level variables. Our findings suggest that addressing childhood obesity inequalities requires coordinated policy responses at both the child and parental level
Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility Using Fracture Mechanics Techniques, Part 1
Stress corrosion cracking (SSC) tests were performed on 13 aluminum alloys, 13 precipitation hardening stainless steels, and two titanium 6Al-4V alloy forgings to compare fracture mechanics techniques with the conventional smooth specimen procedures. Commercially fabricated plate and rolled or forged bars 2 to 2.5-in. thick were tested. Exposures were conducted outdoors in a seacoast atmosphere and in an inland industrial atmosphere to relate the accelerated tests with service type environments. With the fracture mechanics technique tests were made chiefly on bolt loaded fatigue precracked compact tension specimens of the type used for plane-strain fracture toughness tests. Additional tests of the aluminum alloy were performed on ring loaded compact tension specimens and on bolt loaded double cantilever beams. For the smooth specimen procedure 0.125-in. dia. tensile specimens were loaded axially in constant deformation type frames. For both aluminum and steel alloys comparative SCC growth rates obtained from tests of precracked specimens provide an additional useful characterization of the SCC behavior of an alloy
Collision of High Frequency Plane Gravitational and Electromagnetic Waves
We study the head-on collision of linearly polarized, high frequency plane
gravitational waves and their electromagnetic counterparts in the
Einstein-Maxwell theory. The post-collision space-times are obtained by solving
the vacuum Einstein-Maxwell field equations in the geometrical optics
approximation. The head-on collisions of all possible pairs of these systems of
waves is described and the results are then generalised to non-linearly
polarized waves which exhibit the maximum two degrees of freedom of
polarization.Comment: Latex file, 17 pages, accepted for publication in International
Journal of Modern Physics
Exact and Fast Numerical Algorithms for the Stochastic Wave Equation
On the basis of integral representations we propose fast numerical methods to solve the Cauchy problem for the stochastic wave equation without boundaries and with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. The algorithms are exact in a probabilistic sense
Seasonal abundance of thrips (Thysanoptera) in capsicum and chilli crops in south-east Queensland, Australia
Thrips can be important pests of capsicum and chilli crops, causing damage through their feeding and by vectoring viral diseases. As different species vary in their ability to transmit viruses and in their susceptibility to insecticides, it is important to know which species are present in a crop. The seasonal occurrence of thrips in capsicum and chilli crops in the Bundaberg district of south-east Queensland was investigated from July 2002 to June 2003. Fifty flowers were collected weekly from crops on seven farms and the adult thrips extracted and identified. Thrips palmi Karny and Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) were collected in the greatest numbers, with T. palmi predominant in autumn crops (March to July) and F. occidentalis predominant in spring crops (August to November). Pseudanaphothrips achaetus (Bagnall) was common, while Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thrips imaginis Bagnall and Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) were collected in low numbers
The Phase Diagram of 1-in-3 Satisfiability Problem
We study the typical case properties of the 1-in-3 satisfiability problem,
the boolean satisfaction problem where a clause is satisfied by exactly one
literal, in an enlarged random ensemble parametrized by average connectivity
and probability of negation of a variable in a clause. Random 1-in-3
Satisfiability and Exact 3-Cover are special cases of this ensemble. We
interpolate between these cases from a region where satisfiability can be
typically decided for all connectivities in polynomial time to a region where
deciding satisfiability is hard, in some interval of connectivities. We derive
several rigorous results in the first region, and develop the
one-step--replica-symmetry-breaking cavity analysis in the second one. We
discuss the prediction for the transition between the almost surely satisfiable
and the almost surely unsatisfiable phase, and other structural properties of
the phase diagram, in light of cavity method results.Comment: 30 pages, 12 figure
Argon metastable dynamics in a filamentary jet micro-discharge at atmospheric pressure
Space and time resolved concentrations of Ar () metastable atoms at
the exit of an atmospheric pressure radio-frequency micro-plasma jet were
measured using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. The discharge
features a coaxial geometry with a hollow capillary as an inner electrode and a
ceramic tube with metal ring as outer electrode. Absorption profiles of
metastable atoms as well as optical emission measurements reveal the dynamics
and the filamentary structure of the discharge. The average spatial
distribution of Ar metastables is characterized with and without a target in
front of the jet, showing that the target potential and therewith the electric
field distribution substantially changes the filaments' expansion. Together
with the detailed analysis of the ignition phase and the discharge's behavior
under pulsed operation, the results give an insight into the excitation and
de-excitation mechanisms
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