Warszawskie druki muzyczne wydane w latach 1875-1918, przechowywane w gdańskich bibliotekach

Dysertacja poświęcona jest przede wszystkim znaczeniu, funkcji i proweniencji muzycznych varsavianów wydanych w latach 1875-1918, a przechowywanych w bibliotekach gdańskich (374 druki nutowe i 56 książek). Stanowi również próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie w jakim stopniu druki muzyczne z gdańskich zbiorów bibliotecznych odzwierciedlają kulturę muzyczną i wytwórczość typograficzną Warszawy z przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Rozprawa składa się z pięciu rozdziałów, z których trzy pierwsze stanowią „warszawski” wątek pracy. Tematyka rozdziału pierwszego – Społeczność Warszawy i jej kultura muzyczna w latach 1875-1918 – obejmuje m.in. zagadnienia związane ze wszelkimi przejawami kultury muzycznej w życiu miasta. W rozdziale przedstawiono grupy społeczne (także mniejszości narodowe i wyznaniowe) mające największy udział we współtworzeniu warszawskiej kultury muzycznej, starając się odpowiedzieć na pytanie czy, i w jakim stopniu, oferta wydawnicza z końca XIX wieku stanowi odzwierciedlenie tej aktywności. Istotnym wątkiem tych dociekań jest więc charakterystyka społeczna, polityczna i ekonomiczna poszczególnych grup społecznych Warszawy w badanym okresie oraz ich roli i znaczenia w życiu miasta, oczywiście przede wszystkim kulturalnym. Siłą rzeczy rozdział przedstawia również „pejzaż muzyczny” Warszawy, w którym owe grupy mogły realizować potencjalne lub rzeczywiste potrzeby kulturalne. Charakterystyka grup społecznych Warszawy pomogła w opracowaniu rozdziału drugiego – Drukarstwo muzyczne na tle typografii warszawskiej w latach 1875-1918 oraz następnego: Wydawnictwa i księgarnie muzyczne działające w Warszawie w latach 1875-1918 i ich oferta. Skoncentrowano się w nich na warszawskiej typografii muzycznej, analizując jej działalność zarówno w ujęciu lokalnym, jak i w odniesieniu do ówczesnego drukarstwa europejskiego, a następnie przedstawiono ustalone fakty z dziejów interesujących firm poligraficznych oraz życiorysów ich właścicieli. Omówiono periodyki publikujące materiały muzyczne oraz serie i cykle wydawnicze, dokonując ich podziału wedle różnych kryteriów (m.in. pod względem przeznaczenia wykonawczego, formy muzycznej, wartości dydaktycznych), a także katalogi wydawniczo-księgarskie informujące o drukach muzycznych. Scharakteryzowano warszawski repertuar wydawniczy pod względem treściowym oraz wykorzystanych w utworach obsad wykonawczych i form muzycznych. Rozdział czwarty Warszawskie druki muzyczne z lat 1875-1918 w bibliotecznych zbiorach gdańskich i piąty Proweniencja warszawskich druków muzycznych z lat 1875-1918 przechowywanych w repozytoriach gdańskich stanowią wątek „gdański” rozprawy, w którym została przybliżona międzywojenna i przede wszystkim powojenna aktywność polskiego środowiska muzycznego na Wybrzeżu Gdańskim oraz działalność bibliotek gdańskich gromadzących po wojnie spuścizny polskich muzyków oraz wydawnictwa pochodzące z kolekcji przedwojennych i różnorakich darów, które stanowiły wówczas cenny zasób wobec niedoboru wartościowych pozycji z punktu widzenia artystów i dydaktyków uczących muzyki na poziomie wyższym. Przeprowadzono również szczegółową analizę warszawskich muzykaliów wydanych w latach 1875-1918, zidentyfikowanych w bibliotecznych zbiorach gdańskich. Piąty rozdział ukazuje natomiast drogę, jaką publikacje te przebyły, trafiając poprzez różnych właścicieli do gdańskich zbiorów bibliotecznych, zbadaną na podstawie wpisów proweniencyjnych oraz w oparciu o dostępną dokumentację ewidencyjną bibliotek. Na podstawie analizy proweniencji varsavianów przechowywanych w gdańskich zbiorach bibliotecznych (przede wszystkim w Bibliotece Głównej Akademii Muzycznej im. Stanisława Moniuszki w Gdańsku) można wysnuć wniosek, że druki te służyły w pracy artystycznej i dydaktycznej muzyków przybywających po II wojnie światowej z Warszawy na Wybrzeże. Studia nad muzycznymi varsavianami z lat 1875-1918 dowodzą jak bardzo ważnym materiałem badawczym jest muzyczna produkcja wydawnicza z tego okresu. Dokumentuje ona kształtowanie się kultury, nie tylko muzycznej, ale także m.in. kultury książki. Rekonstrukcja tego fenomenu nie może się obyć bez analizy danych bibliograficznych identyfikujących edycje, nakładców, drukarzy, księgarzy, instytucje sprawcze i użytkowników, dla których druki były przeznaczone oraz bez badań nad instytucjami i osobami, które te publikacje gromadziły i rzeczywiście wykorzystywały w różnych sposób. Dlatego bardzo ważnym elementem niniejszej rozprawy jest Katalog warszawskich druków muzycznych oraz piśmiennictwa muzycznego i muzykologicznego z lat 1875-1918 przechowywanego w bibliotecznych zbiorach gdańskich.The dissertation focuses mainly on the significance, function and provenance of musical varsaviana published between 1875 and 1918 and stored in Gdańsk libraries (373 pieces of sheet music and 57 books). It also attempts to provide an answer to what degree the music prints from the Gdańsk library collections reflect the musical culture and typographic output of Warsaw at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The dissertation consists of five chapters, out of which the first three constitute the Warsaw theme of the work. The topic of the first chapter – Warsaw Society and Its Musical Culture in the Years 1875-1918 – includes i.a. the issues related to all forms of manifestation of musical culture in the life of the city. Social groups, (also national and religious minorities), playing the most significant role in the co-creation of the Warsaw musical culture have been presented in an attempt to provide an answer to the question about the publishing offer of the last decades of the 19th century – if and to what extent it reflects their activity. Therefore, the social, political and economic characteristics of particular social groups in Warsaw in the studied period and their function and significance for the life of the city, obviously, mainly its cultural life, constitute a important part of the research. Naturally, in the chapter the “musical landscape” of Warsaw is also depicted, where these groups could fulfill their potential and actual cultural needs. Characteristics of the Warsaw social groups served to prepare the second chapter of the dissertation – Musical Printing Industry in the Context of Warsaw Typography in the Years 1875-1918 and of the successive chapter: Publishing Houses and Music Bookshops Operating in Warsaw in the Years 1875-1918 and Their Offer. The focus of the chapters is on Warsaw musical typography through analyzing local activities as well as its relation to the European printing industry of those times. Subsequently the established facts from the history of the publishing companies and the biographies of their owners were presented. Periodicals in which musical materials were published, publishing series and cycles were discussed, including their classification according to various criteria (i.a. according to their performance use, musical form, didactic value), as well as publishing and bookshop catalogues including information on musical prints. Warsaw publishers’ portfolio was characterised with regard to its content as well as the performance casts and musical forms used in the musical pieces. The fourth chapter - Warsaw Musical Prints from the Years 1875-1918 in the Gdańsk Library Collections, and the fifth chapter Provenance of the Warsaw Musical Prints from the Years 1875-1918 Stored in Gdańsk Repositories constitute the Gdańsk theme in the dissertation. It covers the interwar and, mainly, the post-war activity of the Polish music community on the Gdańsk Coast, as well as the activity of the Gdańsk libraries that after the war gathered the heritage of Polish musicians and publications coming from the pre-war collections and various donations, which at that time were a precious resource in the light of scarcity of valuable resources from the point of view of artists and educators teaching music at high school level. A detailed analysis of the Warsaw documents concerning music published between 1875 and 1918, identified in the Gdańsk library collections. The fifth chapter describes the path followed by the publications thorough various ownership to reach the Gdańsk library collections, studied on the basis of provenance inscriptions and available library documentation. The analysis of the provenance of varsaviana stored in the Gdańsk library collections (particularly in the Main Library of the Stanisław Moniuszko Academy of Music in Gdańsk) allows to conclude that those prints were used for the purpose of artistic and educational work by the musicians moving to the Coast from Warsaw after the Second World War. The studies on the musical varsaviana from the years 1875-1918 show how important study material the music publication production of those times is. It documents how culture was being formed, not just musical culture but also i.a. book culture. Reconstruction of the phenomenon cannot be carried out without an analysis of the bibliographic data identifying editions, publishers, printers, bookshop owners, managing institutions and users for whom the prints were intended, nor without studies on the institutions and persons that gathered the publications and actually used them in a number of ways. Therefore, The Catalogue of the Warsaw Music Prints and Music and Musicological Literature from the Years 1875-1918 Stored in the Gdańsk Library Collections constitutes a major element in this dissertation

A cold-water fish striving in a warming ocean: Insights from whole-genome sequencing of the Greenland halibut in the Northwest Atlantic

Characterizing the extent of genetic differentiation among individuals and its distribution across the genome is increasingly important to inform both conservation and management of exploited species. The Greenland Halibut is one of the main demersal fish species to be commercially exploited in Eastern Canada, and accurate information on geographic population structure and local adaptation is required to ensure the long-term presence of this species. We generated high-quality whole-genome sequencing data for 1,297 Greenland Halibut sampled across 32 locations throughout the Northwest Atlantic (from Arctic Canadian and Greenlandic coasts to the Gulf of St Lawrence). Population genetic structure was analyzed, revealing an absence of population differentiation between Canada and west Greenland but significant genetic differentiation between the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the remainder of the Northwest Atlantic. Except for Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Greenland Halibut thus appear to be panmictic throughout the Northwest Atlantic. Environmental Association Analyses revealed that the environment explained up to 51 % might be replaced by 51% of the differentiation observed between the two stocks, with both ocean-bottom and surface variables (e.g., temperature and oxygen) involved in the observed genomic differentiation. Altogether, these results indicate that phenotypic differences previously observed between the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Northwest Atlantic likely resulted from functional adaptive divergence to their respective environmental conditions. Using coalescent simulations, we also assessed how high levels of migration between the two stocks would allow Greenland Halibut to potentially escape unfavorable environmental conditions in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. In addition to supporting the management of this important exploited species, this work highlights the utility of using comprehensive genomic datasets to characterize the effects of climate change across a wider range of species

Inter-Colony Comparison of Diving Behavior of an Arctic Top Predator: Implications for Warming in the Greenland Sea

The goal of this study was to assess how diverse oceanographic conditions and prey communities affect the foraging behavior of little auks Alle alle. The Greenland Sea is characterized by 3 distinct water masses: (1) the East Greenland Current (EGC), which carries Arctic waters southward; (2) the Sørkapp Current (SC), which originates in the Arctic Ocean but flows north along the west coast of Spitsbergen; and (3) the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), which carries warm Atlantic-derived water north. Each of these 3 water masses is characterized by a distinct mesozooplankton community. Little auks breeding adjacent to the EGC have access to large, lipid-rich Calanus copepods, whereas those adjacent to the SC have medium sized prey, while those near the WSC are limited to even smaller, less profitable prey. We used time−depth recorders to compare the time allocation and diving behavior of little auks adjacent to each of these 3 water masses. We predicted that birds in the EGC would not have to forage as intensively as those in the SC or WSC. We found that little auks foraging in the EGC spent less time at sea, spent less time flying, dived less often, made fewer long, deep dives, and made fewer V-shaped searching dives. This indicates that the EGC provides a more favorable foraging environment than do the warmer water masses to the east. Comparing the foraging behavior of little auk populations confined to Arctic versus Atlantic-influenced waters can provide insight into the potential impacts of future warming in the Greenland Sea

Spatiotemporal variability in diet composition of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from the eastern Canadian Arctic

Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) sustain one of the most lucrative fisheries in the eastern Canadian Arctic and Labrador Sea. This species also plays an important role in food web connectivity and benthic–pelagic coupling. Despite the relatively rich knowledge of this species, R. hippoglossoides ecology in these specific areas remains poorly understood. The main aim of this study was to characterize the diet of this deepwater fish in the Labrador Sea and Davis and Hudson Straits and characterize the predator–prey relationship with northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), another commercially important species in the region. Stomach contents analyses were conducted on 1199 fish captured from 2018 to 2020. Small specimens (60 cm) fed primarily on fish, indicative of size-related changes in diet composition. The relative abundance of Pandalus shrimp species in the environment was reflected in the diet. Location appeared to be the most influential variable on feeding patterns. Distinct oceanographic conditions among areas, resulting in differences in prey availability, could explain these results. Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and redfish (Sebastes sp.) were selected in locations where fish prey were the most abundant. These results shed light on the opportunistic nature of R. hippoglossoides and its preference for fish at large size. With the rapidly changing oceanographic conditions of Arctic waters, a distributional change in the biomass of shrimp is expected. Results suggest that an increase in abundance of predatory groundfish species in the system (e.g., Sebastes sp.) could lead to acute predation on shrimp and competition with R. hippoglossoides. By revealing key trophic links within the demersal ecosystem, this work provides valuable information on the development of ecosystem approaches to fisheries management for the region. -- Keywords : food web ; Labrador Sea ; northern shrimp ; predator–prey relationship ; stomach content ; trophic ecology

Postglacial expansion of the arctic keystone copepod calanus glacialis

Calanus glacialis, a major contributor to zooplankton biomass in the Arctic shelf seas, is a key link between primary production and higher trophic levels that may be sensitive to climate warming. The aim of this study was to explore genetic variation in contemporary populations of this species to infer possible changes during the Quaternary period, and to assess its population structure in both space and time. Calanus glacialis was sampled in the fjords of Spitsbergen (Hornsund and Kongsfjorden) in 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2012. The sequence of a mitochondrial marker, belonging to the ND5 gene, selected for the study was 1249 base pairs long and distinguished 75 unique haplotypes among 140 individuals that formed three main clades. There was no detectable pattern in the distribution of haplotypes by geographic distance or over time. Interestingly, a Bayesian skyline plot suggested that a 1000-fold increase in population size occurred approximately 10,000 years before present, suggesting a species expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum.GAME from the National Science Centre, the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education Iuventus Plus [IP2014 050573]; FCT-PT [CCMAR/Multi/04326/2013]; [2011/03/B/NZ8/02876

The circumpolar impacts of climate change and anthropogenic stressors on Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and its ecosystem

Arctic cod biomass are predicted. In most Arctic seas, the relative abundance of Arctic cod within the fish community will likely fluctuate in accordance with cold and warm periods. A reduced abundance of Arctic cod will negatively affect the abundance, distribution, and physiological condition of certain predators, whereas some predators will successfully adapt to a more boreal diet. Regional management measures that recognize thecritical roleof Arcticcod arerequiredtoensure that increased anthropogenic activities do not exacerbate the impacts of climate change on Arctic marine ecosystems. Ultimately, the mitigation of habitat loss for Arctic cod will only be achieved through a global reduction in carbon emissions

Diversity of hard-bottom fauna relative to environmental gradients in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard

A baseline study of hard-bottom zoobenthos in relation to environmental gradients in Kongsfjorden, a glacial fjord in Svalbard, is presented, based on collections from 1996 to 1998. The total species richness in 62 samples from 0 to 30 m depth along five transects was 403 species. Because 32 taxa could not be identified to species level and because 11 species are probably new to science, the total number of identified species was 360. Of these, 47 species are new for Svalbard waters. Bryozoa was the most diverse group. Biogeographic composition revealed features of both Arctic and sub-Arctic properties of the fauna. Species richness, frequency of species occurrence, mean abundance and biomass generally decreased towards the tidal glaciers in inner Kongsfjorden. Among eight environmental factors, depth was most important for explaining variance in the composition of the zoobenthos. The diversity was consistently low at shallow depths, whereas the non-linear patterns of species composition of deeper samples indicated a transitional zone between surface and deeper water masses at 15–20 m depth. Groups of “colonial” and “non-colonial” species differed in diversity, biogeographic composition and distribution by location and depth as well as in relation to other environmental factors. “Non-colonial” species made a greater contribution than “colonial” species to total species richness, total occurrence and biomass in samples, and were more influenced by the depth gradient. Biogeographic composition was sensitive to variation of zoobenthic characteristics over the studied depth range. A list of recorded species and a description of sampling sites are presented

Mesozooplankton dynamics in relation to food availability during spring and early summer in a high latitude glaciated fjord (Kongsfjorden), with focus on Calanus

The timing of zooplankton reproduction in relation to spring pelagic bloomis essential in determining grazers' recruitment success and the transport of biomass through the system. At high latitudesmarine ecosystems are characterized by extreme seasonality with the production of autotrophes concentrated during the spring. In two consecutive years we studied mesozooplankton during spring and early summer in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (79°N), aiming at identifying the main grazers and understanding what affects the timing in zooplankton. The main grazerswere females and nauplii of holoplanktonic Calanus, togetherwithmeroplanktonic Cirripedia nauplii and Polychaeta larvae. The appearing of offspring and larvae showed a correlation with the spring bloom which occurred earlier in 2004 compared to 2003. The Arctic Calanus glacialis reproduced before its Atlantic counterpart Calanus finmarchicus and prior to the bloom. In the Arctic regions decreasing sea ice cover as a result of climate change is expected to alter the timing of the spring bloom which in turn will pose a need for the zooplankton to adjust their reproduction activities. Subsequently, this adjustmentwill influence ecosystem functioningmainly by modifying particulate organic matter and energy fluxes