Género y capacidades directivas en cooperativas de trabajo asociado. Estudio exploratorio en CTAS valencianas

In the last two decades, much research has been done regarding gender differences and leadership styles. This paper presents some of the organizational implications of cooperative firms (Coops) and how their characteristics affect the leadership style of managers. Also, from a gender perspective, we study the management style associated with gender differences in Coops in Valencia (Spain).The results suggest that the nature of the work done by women managers, and their vision of management, responds to a more contemporary leadership style, and fits better in the organizational context of coops, which are characterized by equal relations.Son numerosas las investigaciones que desde hace más de dos décadas han investigado posibles influencias de género en el comportamiento en la empresa y en los estilos de dirección. Sin embargo, en el análisis no se han contemplado los aspectos institucionales y organizativos, que juegan un papel relevante en el comportamiento y en el trabajo de los directivos.Atendiendo a lo anterior, este trabajo muestra las implicaciones organizativas que tiene la forma institucional Cooperativa de trabajo asociado (CTA) y cómo afectan al trabajo directivo. Asimismo, y desde una perspectiva de género, se investigan en CTAs valencianas las capacidades directivas vinculadas a diferencias de género.Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la naturaleza del trabajo que realizan las directivas (mujeres) así como su visión del trabajo directivo, responde a un estilo directivo contemporáneo, y tienen un mayor “encaje” con el contexto organizativo de la CTA caracterizado por relaciones entre iguales

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The Ethical Consumer: Narratives of Social and Environmental Change in Contemporary American Literature

Consumers in the U.S. have increasingly (and often paradoxically) turned to their consumption as a space from which to address social and environmental problems that range from sweatshop labor to global warming; the diverse consumption strategies that they have embraced –boycotts, local and organic food, fair trade, downshifting and more – are all a part of a larger movement and discourse called ethical consumption. A flood of recent novels, memoirs and nonfiction books make this activist, productive, expressive kind of consumption their central theme (and in the case of several of the memoirs, their organizing conceit). The authors of these works have suggested interesting expansions of the ethical role not just of commodity consumption but of media consumption as well: the imaginative literature of ethical consumption models ethical consumption for its readers, and it sees itself shaping attitudes about consumption that will in turn shape economic, social and environmental realities in the world. The ambition of that project (and the enthusiasm with which readers have taken it up) lends a sense of urgency to my own. My dissertation looks at representations of ethical consumption in this growing body of imaginative literature in order to understand how and on what terms it intervenes in consumption. I argue that the language and forms that these texts use to imagine ethical consumption matter: that they privilege particular perspectives, communicate ideological investments, and shape the interpretation of events in ways that inflect their interpretation of both the practice of ethical consumption and the real-world problems that ethical consumption responds to. I frame the contribution of literary criticism in terms of its interrogation of those forms

GÉNERO Y CAPACIDADES DIRECTIVAS EN COOPERATIVAS DE TRABAJO ASOCIADO. ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO EN CTAS VALENCIANAS / GENDER AND MANAGER’S CAPABILITIES IN WORK-COOPERATIVE FIRMS. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN COOPS IN VALENCIA (SPAIN)

Son numerosas las investigaciones que desde hace más de dos décadas han investigado posibles influencias de género en el comportamiento en la empresa y en los estilos de dirección. Sin embargo, en el análisis no se han contemplado los aspectos institucionales y organizativos, que juegan un papel relevante en el comportamiento y en el trabajo de los directivos. Atendiendo a lo anterior, este trabajo muestra las implicaciones organizativas que tiene la forma institucional Cooperativa de trabajo asociado (CTA) y cómo afectan al trabajo directivo. Asimismo, y desde una perspectiva de género, se investigan en CTAs valencianas las capacidades directivas vinculadas a diferencias de género. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la naturaleza del trabajo que realizan las directivas (mujeres), así como su visión del trabajo directivo responde a un estilo directivo contemporáneo, y tienen un mayor “encaje” con el contexto organizativo de la CTA caracterizado por relaciones entre iguales. / In the last two decades, much research has been done regarding gender differences and leadership styles. This paper presents some of the organizational implications of cooperative firms (Coops) and how their characteristics affect the leadership style of managers. Also, from a gender perspective, we study the management style associated with gender differences in Coops in Valencia (Spain). The results suggest that the nature of the work done by women managers, and their vision of management, responds to a more contemporary leadership style, and fits better in the organizational context of coops, which are characterized by equal relations

XIII.—Remarks on the growth of Bambusa arundinacea in the large conservatory, chatsworth

Volume: 4Start Page: 120End Page: 12

Are routine alpha-fetoprotein and acetylcholinesterase determinations still necessary at second-trimester amniocentesis? Impact of high-resolution ultrasonography

Objective: To audit routine measurement of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and acetylcholinesterase in amniotic fluid (AF) samples obtained at second-trimester amniocentesis

Impact of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy on estimated glomerular filtration rate in HIV-positive individuals in the START trial

The impact of early ART initiation (versus deferring) on kidney function has not been studied. START was a randomised comparison of immediate versus deferred ART initiation among HIV-positive persons with CD4(+) (cellsimm(3)) counts >500. Serum creatinine and urine dipstick protein were measured at Months 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12, and annually thereafter. The two arms were compared for changes in eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m(2), calculated by CI94% and >19% of follow-up time, respectively. Overall, 89% started ART using a tenofovir-based regimen. Over 2.1 years median follow-up, mean eGFR was 056 (95% CI 0.003-1.11) higher in the immediate versus deferred arm, which was more prominent after adjustment for current tenofovir or bPI use (1.85, 95% CI 1.21-2.50) and in Black participants (30.1% overall) (3.90, 95% CI 2.84-4.97) versus non-Blacks (1.05, 95% CI 0.33-1.77) (P <0.001 for interaction). Relative risk for proteinuria in the immediate versus deferred arm was 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-1.00) (P = 0.049). In the short-term, immediate ART initiation was associated with a modestly higher eGFR and lower proteinuria risk versus deferring ART (more pronounced in Black participants). Whether this early benefit translates into a lower risk of CKD requires further follow-up. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

The Quad, Volume 10, Issue 1

Editors-in-Chief: Dmitry Berenson and Billy Tobenkin Associate Editors: Anastasia Poushkareva and Madeleine WellsThe Quad is a literary and art magazine celebrating its tenth year at Cornell. We publish poetry, prose, and art on any subject from any author. This is our fall 2004 issue. Enjoy