130 research outputs found
Polar phonons and spin-phonon coupling in HgCr2S4 and CdCr2S4
Polar phonons of HgCr2S4 and CdCr2S4 are studied by far-infrared spectroscopy
as a function of temperature and external magnetic field. Eigenfrequencies,
damping constants, effective plasma frequencies and Lyddane-Sachs-Teller
relations, and effective charges are determined. Ferromagnetic CdCr2S4 and
antiferromagnetic HgCr2S4 behave rather similar. Both compounds are dominated
by ferromagnetic exchange and although HgCr2S4 is an antiferromagnet, no phonon
splitting can be observed at the magnetic phase transition. Temperature and
magnetic field dependence of the eigenfrequencies show no anomalies indicating
displacive polar soft mode behavior. However, significant effects are detected
in the temperature dependence of the plasma frequencies indicating changes in
the nature of the bonds and significant charge transfer. In HgCr2S4 we provide
experimental evidence that the magnetic field dependence of specific polar
modes reveal shifts exactly correlated with the magnetization showing
significant magneto-dielectric effects even at infrared frequencies.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Detection of the interfacial exchange field at a ferromagnetic insulator-nonmagnetic metal interface with pure spin currents
At the interface between a nonmagnetic metal (NM) and a ferromagnetic
insulator (FI) spin current can interact with the magnetization, leading to a
modulation of the spin current. The interfacial exchange field at these FI-NM
interfaces can be probed by placing the interface in contact with the spin
transport channel of a lateral spin valve (LSV) device and observing additional
spin relaxation processes. We study interfacial exchange field in lateral spin
valve devices where Cu spin transport channel is in proximity with
ferromagnetic insulator EuS (EuS-LSV) and yttrium iron garnet
YFeO (YIG-LSV). The spin signals were compared with reference
lateral spin valve devices fabricated on nonmagnetic Si/SiO substrate with
MgO or AlO capping. The nonlocal spin valve signal is about 4 and 6 times
lower in the EuS-LSV and YIG-LSV, respectively. The suppression in the spin
signal has been attributed to enhanced surface spin-flip probability at the
Cu-EuS (or Cu-YIG) interface due to interfacial spin-orbit field. Besides spin
signal suppression we also found widely observed low temperature peak in the
spin signal at 30 K is shifted to higher temperature in the case of
devices in contact with EuS or YIG. Temperature dependence of spin signal for
different injector-detector distances reveal fluctuating exchange field at
these interfaces cause additional spin decoherence which limit spin relaxation
time in addition to conventional sources of spin relaxation. Our results show
that temperature dependent measurement with pure spin current can be used to
probe interfacial exchange field at the ferromagnetic insulator-nonmagnetic
metal interface.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted in Physical Review
Spin-orbit-enhanced robustness of supercurrent in graphene/WS2Josephson junctions
We demonstrate the enhanced robustness of the supercurrent through graphene-based Josephson junctions in which strong spin-orbit interactions (SOIs) are induced. We compare the persistence of a supercurrent at high out-of-plane magnetic fields between Josephson junctions with graphene on hexagonal boron-nitride and graphene on WS2, where strong SOIs are induced via the proximity effect. We find that in the shortest junctions both systems display signatures of induced superconductivity, characterized by a suppressed differential resistance at a low current, in magnetic fields up to 1 T. In longer junctions, however, only graphene on WS2 exhibits induced superconductivity features in such high magnetic fields, and they even persist up to 7 T. We argue that these robust superconducting signatures arise from quasiballistic edge states stabilized by the strong SOIs induced in graphene by WS2
Recurrent advanced colonic cancer occurring 11 years after initial endoscopic piecemeal resection: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The high frequency of local recurrence occurring after endoscopic piecemeal resection (EPMR) for large colorectal tumors is a serious problem. However, almost all of these cases of local recurrence can be detected within 1 year and cured by additional endoscopic resection. We report a rare case of recurrent advanced colonic cancer diagnosed 11 years after initial EPMR treatment.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with a sigmoid colon lesion following a routine health check-up. Total colonoscopy revealed a 12 mm type 0-Is lesion in the sigmoid colon, which was diagnosed as an adenoma or intramucosal cancer and treated by EPMR in 1996. The post-resection defect was closed completely using metallic endoclips to avoid delayed bleeding. In 2007, at the third follow up, colonoscopy revealed a 20 mm submucosal tumor (SMT) like recurrence at the site of the previous EPMR. The recurrent lesion was treated by laparoscopic assisted sigmoidectomy with lymph node dissection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>When it is difficult to evaluate the depth and margins of resected tumors following EPMR, it is important that the defect is not closed in order to avoid tumor implantation, missing residual lesions and to enable earlier detection of recurrence. It is crucial that the optimal follow-up protocol for EPMR cases is clarified, particularly how often and for how long they should be followed.</p
Australian Sphingidae – DNA Barcodes Challenge Current Species Boundaries and Distributions
© 2014 Rougerie et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published version of the article
Relaxor ferroelectricity and colossal magnetocapacitive coupling in ferromagnetic CdCr2S4
Multiferroic materials, which reveal magnetic and electric order, are in the
focus of recent solid state research. Especially the simultaneous occurrence of
ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, combined with an intimate coupling of
magnetization and polarization via magneto-capacitive effects, could pave the
way for a new generation of electronic devices. Here we present measurements on
a simple cubic spinel with unusual properties: It shows ferromagnetic order and
simultaneously relaxor ferroelectricity, i.e. a ferroelectric cluster state,
reached by a smeared-out phase transition, both with sizable ordering
temperatures and moments. Close to the ferromagnetic ordering temperature the
magneto-capacitive coupling, characterized by a variation of the dielectric
constant in an external magnetic field, reaches colossal values of nearly 500%.
We attribute the relaxor properties to geometric frustration, which is well
known for magnetic moments, but here is found to impede long-range order of the
structural degrees of freedom.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Superconducting spintronics
The interaction between superconducting and spin-polarized orders has recently emerged as a major research field following a series
of fundamental breakthroughs in charge transport in superconductor-ferromagnet heterodevices which promise new device
functionality. Traditional studies which combine spintronics and superconductivity have mainly focused on the injection of
spin-polarized quasiparticles into superconducting materials. However, a complete synergy between superconducting and magnetic
orders turns out to be possible through the creation of spin-triplet Cooper pairs which are generated at carefully engineered
superconductor interfaces with ferromagnetic materials. Currently, there is intense activity focused on identifying materials
combinations which merge superconductivity and spintronics in order to enhance device functionality and performance. The results
look promising: it has been shown, for example, that superconducting order can greatly enhance central effects in spintronics such as
spin injection and magnetoresistance. Here, we review the experimental and theoretical advances in this field and provide an outlook
for upcoming challenges related to the new concept of superconducting spintronics.J.L. was supported by the Research Council of Norway, Grants No. 205591 and 216700.
J.W.A.R. was supported by the UK Royal Society and the Leverhulme Trust through an
International Network Grant (IN-2013-033).This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v11/n4/full/nphys3242.html
<span style="font-size:21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Lattice dynamical studies of ternary superionic conductors Ag<sub><span style="font-size:16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">SX (X=1, Br)</span></span>
385-389<span style="font-size:
15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">A de
Launey angular force model has been applied to study the phonon dispersion in
three symmetric directions of ternary superionic conductor Ag3SX
(X =1, Br) by assuming them to be ideal perovskite type structure. A lattice
dynamical calculation reasonably interprets the dominance of mobile ions in
highest frequency mode. The short-range (fs) and longrange
(fL)
<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">forces in Ag<span style="font-size:13.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:6.0pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">3SX
(X <span style="font-size:19.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.5pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">=<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
8.5pt;font-family:" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">I, Br) for a high frequency band
are estimated near the transition temperature Tc and below 300
K. The fL
<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">values in both the conductors show an increase with T
above Tc whereas the values of fs
<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">decrease with T. The temperature dependence
of fL
<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">and fs
<span style="font-size:15.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:8.5pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman","serif""="">are explained satisfactorily from this calculation.
</span
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