Strict Liability Principle In Environmental Legal System

Implementation of Strict Liability Principle in environmental legal system not based on the proving aspect of the fault form factor of negligence or misconduct of intent. In addition to the legal approach, risk management considerations also underlie the problems and or environmental risks posed by various factors that is difficult and expensive to prove. The MT Natuna Sea case on 3 October 2000 spilled 40,000 tons of crude oil or 60% of the total load of 523,088 barrels, to date Indonesia has not received any compensation. The purpose of this paper is to understand the application of Strict Liability Principle in the environmental legal system. The method used is normative legal research conducted by basing to the materials of the library or secondary data. Comparative legal approach is used to find matters relating to the problem of sea oil pollution compensation claims. The results show that Indonesia as a country that has ratified CLC 1969/1992 has applied provisions on insurance obligations. Neither into the provisions of legislation nor in practice in the field. However, the application into the legislation still requires improvements, namely with compensation claims for compensation and environmental restoration costs. Keywords: insurance liability, environment, tanker, protection, marine environment

Penerapan Permainan Kartu Bergambar dalam Meningkatkan Karakter dan Kemampuan Membaca Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar

Based on observations made at SD Negeri KIP Maccini Makassar City in class II A, information was obtained that students have not been able to show reading skills and the weak character of students is marked by a lack of respect for students towards teachers and their peers. Therefore, teachers are required to create a conducive classroom environment to improve the character of students' initial reading skills. One of the efforts developed by the method of picture card games in this learning is expected to improve the character of language, discipline and respect between others. In addition, students will be more interested in learning and make it easier for students to learn to read. This research uses the type of classroom action research (Classroom Action Research). Based on the results obtained in cycle 1, the majority of students have not completed their learning outcomes. Meanwhile, the results of the research at the end of the second cycle of action showed that the improvement of the student's character had reached the success indicator determined by the researcher, namely 80% of the total number of students in the complete category. While in the second cycle, which has reached the specified indicators and has shown a very good improvement, it is proven in all aspects. Apart from that, the students' initial reading ability in cycle II has also improved well. &nbsp

Manado Cultural Heritage Centre dengan Konsep Neo-Futuristik dan Penerapan Teknologi

Culture heritage is the remain of legacy from past mostly a leftover, alteration, or continuation of a civilization that passed from past generation to the next generation in form of physical object (tangible), such as landscape, artefacts, building, monument and other kind of value form (intangible) for example, folklore or events, traditions, language, certain knowledge (ICOMOS, 2002). Indonesia as an archipelago nation, has 34 provinces, and vast diversity of cultures represented by each of those provinces. The province of North Sulawesi has its own vast history, information of culture and heritage back from prehistoric period until today. As the culture and heritage were part of history, they are meant to be remembered and preserved. Therefore, it is critically needed for a long lasting and perpetuate vessel of spaces, to be able to sustainably contain and retain the information of culture and heritage that can adapt over times and ages. This also keep the information to continuously pass on to the community which could help develop a better civilization in the future as they learn from the past. The analysis on this thesis starts with consider and determine the location site for the design planning. Then continued with analysis and evaluation of the selected site based on topography, typology, resources, sub climate, local vegetation, and accessibility. The result then become the basic of shapes, lines and the design concept consideration. The design aspect in neo-futurism which involved in architectural technology is chosen to realize the thesis initial aim and objectives. The final analysis is to evaluating and determine the spaces, area, and room based on the activities that would occur according to the design process. Keyword: Culture heritage, Sustainability, Adapt, Neo-futurism, Technology

Analisa Buckling Pada Rod Bucket di Sistem Hidrolik Spider Excavator Kaiser S2 4x4 Cross

Hydraulic system is the process of hydraulic oil flow from the tank through the hydraulic filter first, which will then flow through the existing hydraulic system such as controll valve, actuator cylinder, and so on. This analysis is conducted to determine the cause of buckling or deflection that occurs on the rod on the Bucket cylinder before the hour meter reaches the service unit deadline on the hydraulic system components, the causal factors and corrective steps, determines the force losses after damage and determines the flow loss. Furthermore, the examination process is done visually to the rod and obtained physical defects in the form of scratches and bending most likely due to dirt entering the hydraulic oil circulation and impact on the rod wall. For Kaiser S2 4x4 Cross hydraulic cylinder with 8 cm piston diameter, 4,6 cm rod diameter and 65 cm rod length, it is found that the force loss after damage to bucket cylinder is 1029,26 kgf or 20% with flow rate loss of 0,1441 liter / s or equal to 28.3%

Pengaruh Variasi Tekanan Vacuum terhadap Penyimpangan Pembentukan Polycarbonate pada Proses Vacuum Forming

The thermoforming process is one of the oldest and most widely used methods of forming plastic materials in the industrial world. The process is quite simple and can be used in the formation of a product with various types of materials, one of which is a polymer or plastic which has thermoplastic properties. One of the simpler thermoforming methods is vacuum forming. This method is done by applying heat treatment to the plastic sheet until the plastic becomes soft (it has not yet reached the melting point), then it is formed into a mould by applying suction pressure. In this research, a plastic sheet with the type of polycarbonate (PC) was used as a test material measuring 500 mm x 300 mm with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The heating temperature is set at 165°C and to print polycarbonate a vacuum pressure is used which is varied into three variations of pressure, namely: -0.13 Bar, -0.26 Bar and -0.39 Bar. From the research, it was found that the printed results on polycarbonate sheets with a thickness of 1.5 mm, which had the smallest deviation or difference in dimensions with the print, were a pressure of -0.39 Bar

Effect of Artesunate on Peripheral Parasitaemia in Pregnant Women with Plasmodium Falciparum Infection

Objective: To determine the effect of artesunate on peripheral parasitaemia in pregnant women with Plasmodium falciparum infection. Methods: Pregnant women in second and third trimester with Plasmodium falciparum infection and their newborns were included in cohort prospective study in Sorong West Papua from September 2015 to February 2016. All pregnant women received 200 mg orally artesunate monotherapy for 7 days. Their newborns examined for weight at delivery and parasitaemia in placenta and cord blood. Parasitaemia diagnosis by Rapid Diagnostic Test and blood smear microscopy. Results: After artesunatemonotherapy, 82.5% (33/40) malariainfected pregnant women had negative parasitaemia (p=0.000) although 17.5% (7/40) of the pregnant women had positive parasitaemia. Parasitaemia also found in 10% (4/40) of placenta and 7.5% (3/40) of umbilical cord from newborns of malaria-infected pregnant women treated with artesunate. 70% (28/40) of the newborns in this study had normal weight. Conclusion: Artesunate reduces peripheral parasitaemia in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and is associated with normal birth weight. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-3: 135-138] Keywords: artesunate, low birth weight, peripheral parasitaemi

Model Pertumbuhan Kota Malang Menggunakan Artificial Neural Network Berbasis Citra Satelit Multitemporal

Pada penelitian ini, prediksi pertumbuhan kota disimulasikan dengan menggunakan model Artificial Neural Network (ANN) menggunakan MOLUSCE yang merupakan plugin dari QGIS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan di Kota Malang dalam rentang waktu 24 tahun dan juga memprediksi pertumbuhan kota dengan model ANN pada tahun 2027. Tutupan lahan didapatkan dari data penginderaan jauh yang didapat dari citra Landsat ETM+ dan OLI secara berturut-turut. Secara keseluruhan hasil klasifikasi dan koefisient dari keseluruhan peta hasil klasifikasi memiliki nilai lebih dari 85% dan kappa 0.76. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, sebanyak 1049.58 ha dari kategori tutupan lahan vegetasi dan 241.29 dari lahan terbuka mengalami transisi menjadi lahan terbangun pada tahun 2027. Lahan terbangun mengalami peningkatan sebesar 11.79% dari 2015 hingga 2027. Pada tahun 2027. Lahan terbangun akan memenuhi wilayah kota hingga sebesar 73.21% dari keseluruhan wilayah kota. Keadaan ini menunjukkan adanya tren peningkatan lahan terbangun dari tahun 2003 hingga 2027 yang merupakan hasil simulasi. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model pertumbuhan kota menggunakan ANN dapat dijadikan sebuah opsi pertimbangan untuk perubahan-perubahan di masa mendatang berdasarkan faktor-faktor terdahulu dan sekarang

Stress Hyperglycaemia in Hospitalised Patients and Their 3-Year Risk of Diabetes: A Scottish Retrospective Cohort Study

Background<p></p> Hyperglycaemia during hospital admission is common in patients who are not known to have diabetes and is associated with adverse outcomes. The risk of subsequently developing type 2 diabetes, however, is not known.<p></p> We linked a national database of hospital admissions with a national register of diabetes to describe the association between admission glucose and the risk of subsequently developing type 2 diabetes.<p></p> Methods and Findings<p></p> In a retrospective cohort study, patients aged 30 years or older with an emergency admission to hospital between 2004 and 2008 were included. Prevalent and incident diabetes were identified through the Scottish Care Information (SCI)-Diabetes Collaboration national registry. Patients diagnosed prior to or up to 30 days after hospitalisation were defined as prevalent diabetes and were excluded.<p></p> The predicted risk of developing incident type 2 diabetes during the 3 years following hospital discharge by admission glucose, age, and sex was obtained from logistic regression models. We performed separate analyses for patients aged 40 and older, and patients aged 30 to 39 years.<p></p> Glucose was measured in 86,634 (71.0%) patients aged 40 and older on admission to hospital. The 3-year risk of developing type 2 diabetes was 2.3% (1,952/86,512) overall, was <1% for a glucose ≤5 mmol/l, and increased to approximately 15% at 15 mmol/l. The risks at 7 mmol/l and 11.1 mmol/l were 2.6% (95% CI 2.5–2.7) and 9.9% (95% CI 9.2–10.6), respectively, with one in four (21,828/86,512) and one in 40 (1,798/86,512) patients having glucose levels above each of these cut-points. For patients aged 30–39, the risks at 7 mmol/l and 11.1 mmol/l were 1.0% (95% CI 0.8–1.3) and 7.8% (95% CI 5.7–10.7), respectively, with one in eight (1,588/11,875) and one in 100 (120/11,875) having glucose levels above each of these cut-points.<p></p> The risk of diabetes was also associated with age, sex, and socio-economic deprivation, but not with specialty (medical versus surgical), raised white cell count, or co-morbidity. Similar results were obtained for pre-specified sub-groups admitted with myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke.<p></p> There were 25,193 deaths (85.8 per 1,000 person-years) over 297,122 person-years, of which 2,406 (8.1 per 1,000 person-years) were attributed to vascular disease. Patients with glucose levels of 11.1 to 15 mmol/l and >15 mmol/l had higher mortality than patients with a glucose of <6.1 mmol/l (hazard ratio 1.54; 95% CI 1.42–1.68 and 2.50; 95% CI 2.14–2.95, respectively) in models adjusting for age and sex.<p></p> Limitations of our study include that we did not have data on ethnicity or body mass index, which may have improved prediction and the results have not been validated in non-white populations or populations outside of Scotland.<p></p> Conclusion<p></p> Plasma glucose measured during an emergency hospital admission predicts subsequent risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Mortality was also 1.5-fold higher in patients with elevated glucose levels. Our findings can be used to inform patients of their long-term risk of type 2 diabetes, and to target lifestyle advice to those patients at highest risk