Persediaan Belia Islam untuk Berkahwin, Kajian dari Sudut Pengetahuan, dan Amalan

Kerukunan rumah tangga asas pada kesejahteraan masyarakat. Realiti kini menunjukkan keutuhan institusi ini tergugat khususnya di kalangan belia. Pemerhatian menunjukkan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkannya lemah adalah kerana kurangnya persediaan di kalangan bakal suami isteri untuk mendirikan rumah tangga. Oleh itu, kedudukan sebenar persediaan belia untuk berkahwin perlu dikaji dan dikenalpasti. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tahap persediaan belia yang akan berkahwin dari aspek pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan. Untuk itu, kajian ini melihat persediaan perkahwinan di kalangan 482 orang belia terpilih di Kuala Lumpur, Shah Alam dan Temerluh. Penemuan kajian menunjukkan, majoriti responden mempunyai tahap persediaan untuk berkahwin yang sederhana dalam ketiga-tiga aspek persediaan iaitu, persediaan pengetahuan adalah lebih lemah berbanding persediaan sikap dan amalan untuk berkahwin. Hasil kajian mendapati aspek persediaan perkahwinan yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan dan amalan terhadap agama Islam adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan yang lain. Salah satu faktor yang mempunyai hubungan dengan kelemahan persediaan ini adalah tahap pendidikan formal yang telah dilalui oleh belia. Belia yang rendah tahap tahap pendidikannya mempunyai tahap persediaan perkahwinan yang lebih lemah. Kajian penerokaan ini merumuskan bahawa para belia yang diambil sebagai responden kurang bersedia untuk berkahwin. Adalah dicadangkan agar kajian selanjutnya dalam bidang ini diteruskan dengan tujuan program-program penyediaan belia untuk berkahwin boleh dikemaskinikan bagi pembentukan masa depan generasi negara yang lebih mantap

Oil-in-water emulsion technique enhancement for viscous crude oil flow in pipelines

The production of heavy crude oil is limited due to its high viscosity. It is expected to increase in the future as low viscosity crudes are depleted. The high viscosity lead to the increasing of pump energy as it creates high pressure drop. In order to reduce the viscosity of the heavy crude, it is suggested to mix it with water and optimum emulsifiers to create a lower viscous fluid, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. In this study, both chemical and physical properties of O/W emulsion that is prepared by using cocoamide DEA (non-ionic and biodegradable surfactant that synthesis from coconut oil) and two types of conventional chemical emulsifiers (Span 80 and Triton X-100) were investigated. O/W emulsions with three different ratios (50 - 50% and 65 - 35% and 80 - 20%) were prepared at a mixing speed of 2000 rpm with the concentrations of (1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2.0 wt%) of each emulsifier. These emulsions were tested for relative rates of water separation (stability test), viscosity, shear stress and shear rate at room temperature and stirring speed of Brookfield viscometer. While the droplet size was carried out by using Carl Zeiss Research Microscope and its software. Result shows that Span 80 at 1.0 wt% mixed at each ratio of 50 - 50%, 65 - 35% and 80 - 20% O/W with 2000 rpm mixing speed obtained the most stable emulsions for transportation compared to the other emulsifiers. Demulsification is the process of separation of water from crude oil. Crude oil needs to be separated efficiently and quickly from the water to allow further treatment. This is to ensure the crude oil value can be maximized and the operating cost can be minimized. Demulsifiers (Hexylamine, Cocamide MEA and Dioctylamine) with different concentrations (1.0 wt%, 1.5% and 2.0 wt%) were used for demulsification. The relative rates of water separation were characterized via beaker test

Glycerol and biodiesel recovery from palm oil derived from used fried chicken cooking oil / Muhammad Hafiz Abdul Wahab

This study is carried out to identify the percentage of glycerol and biodiesel in used fried chicken cooking oil and to provide the solution in recycling of used fried chicken cooking oil. The study was conducted using fried cooking “Sri Murni” vegetable oil brand with the objective to investigate the percentage of biodiesel and glycerol that can be produced from transesterification process. Moreover, new unused cooking oil of the same product will be used as control to find out the difference of biodiesel and glycerol before and after use. The crude glycerol is produced as the by-product from biodiesel has to be effectively utilized to solve environmental issues executed used cooking oil. In this study, the amount glycerol and biodiesel from fried chicken cooking oil of “Sri Murni” brand is better than those in plastic packaging. The volume of biodiesel in fried cooking “Sri Murni” vegetable are quite high which is around 400ml to 500ml in 800 ml and the volume of glycerol is around 35ml to 50ml as compared to fried cooking vegetable oil in plastic packaging that has quite low volume of biodiesel at around 200ml to 400ml. Moreover, the volume of glycerol is around 25ml to 35ml. Furthermore, the average 450mg of "Sri Murni" cooking oil with a total of 800ml beaker is 450ml / 800ml where 56.25% contains biodiesel and the average for glycerol is 4% from 800ml for a beaker. For cooking oil in plastic packaging, the average biodiesel is 40% and glycerol is 3.7%. From the result, there is a significant difference between the amounts of used fried chicken cooking oil, with the percentage amount of glycerol and Biodiesel in new, unused ones. Lastly, the difference of a biodiesel and glycerol depend on two types of fried cooking oils. The percentage of significance difference between fried cooking “Sri Murni” and plastic packaging are decrease in percentage after oil cooking were used. As a conclusion, the utilization of waste cooking oil is very important nowadays because raw materials are critically used in our country. Moreover, introduction of new technologies and cluster management system are essential for successful transformation of the utilization process

REACTION MONITORING OF IONIC LIQUID SYNTHESIS USING RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

In this project, the viability of Raman spectroscopy is studied during real-time reaction monitoring of synthesis of Ionic Liquid (IL). The vital IL for this project is l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate, [bmim] FeCU which is synthesized from the reaction of l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [bmim] CI" and Iron (III) Chloride, FeCU. The characteristic of the Raman spectra throughout the reaction is studied by using a series of in-situ data to analyse the composition qualitatively in order to determine the individual reactant, intermediate, and product during the reaction. Raman spectroscopy is an influential instrument for researchers if it can be applied for the real-time monitoring synthesis of [bmim] FeCU". Undesired impurities such as l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, [bmim] Fe2Cl7" ions would form during the reaction when the ratio of [bmim] CI" to FeCU is larger than 1 and Raman spectroscopic monitoring can help in determining it occurrence. These possible impurities has unknown properties and effect on the efficiency of [bmim] FeCU* in its application as a catalyst or a solvent extractor need to be studied. The project used Taguchi method as its design of experiment and 2 parameters is introduced. Reactant ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 and monitoring time from 1 to 4 hours is manipulated in L16 Taguchi Orthogonal Array. Standard room temperature and pressure of 25°C and 1 aim is assumed to be constant throughout the experiment. The result can be observed at the Raman excitation peak at the range of 50-500 cm'1. From the data obtained, [bmim] FeCU production in one-to-one ratio of synthesis does not contain any impurities while one-to-two synthesis ratio shows the difference in the spectral peak produced which indicates the additional formation of [bmim] Fe2Cl7~. This finding concludes that Raman spectroscopy is proven to be a viable method in analysing the [bmim] FeCU reaction monitoring

The influence of work environment inhibitors on the various engagements in informal workplace learning activities amongst Malaysian accountants

Informal learning activities are important for accountants in public accounting firms to develop and maintain knowledge and skills within the professional environment. However, recent evidence indicates that their frequency of engagement in the learning activities is less encouraging. Although this problem is associated with work environment inhibitors, the influence of these factors on various informal learning activities has yet to be explained by any empirical research. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to examine the extent to which the inhibitors influence the accountants' frequency of engagement in various informal learning activities. A total of 258 chartered accountants in the firms across Malaysia participated in this study. The data of the study was collected through self-administered survey questionnaires and analysed using the descriptive approach and multiple regression analysis. The findings showed that the meeting was the most frequently engaged informal learning activity. The results indicated that lack of time due to heavy workload, lack of support from others, structural inhibitor, lack of meaningful rewards, lack of fund, limited influence on firm‟s operation and lack of tolerance to mistakes negatively and significantly influenced the frequency of engagement in various (at least three out of five activities) informal learning activities. The findings also showed that lack of support from others was the most influential inhibitor to reading job related materials. The most influential inhibitor to audio/video tapes usage and group discussion was lack of time due to heavy workload. Lack of meaningful rewards and limited influence on firms operation were the most influential inhibitors to meeting and briefing session respectively. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications of the study as well as suggestions for future research are also discussed

Study of the Relationship between Communication Competence and Heart Rate Variability among International Postgraduate Students of a Malaysian Public University

Communication competence is among the main skills that enable individuals to conduct fruitful interactions with different people. This study was carried out to examine the relationship between communication competence and heart rate variability (HRV) among individuals from different nationalities. The quantitative method was used to conduct this study. This study had two data collection procedures which were the quantitative survey and HRV data set. The participants of this study were 128 postgraduate students of a Malaysian public university. Based on their agreements, 40 of them were participated in the HRV data collection procedure of this study. Based on the results from this study, the levels of communication competence and heart rate variability of the participants had close relationship, and individuals with good levels of communication competence were good in heart rate variability and vice versa. Based on the results, their good scores of heart rate variability as an important internal factor helped the participants to increase the levels of their communication competence and their good levels of communication competence helped them to have more successful interactions with their peers. The results from this study may be helpful for future researchers to focus on these issues and also for university students to pay attention on their daily communication as an important factor for their personal and university related lives

The Effectiveness of the Quick Coherence Technique using Heart Rate Variability-Biofeedback Technology on the Recovery of Heart Coherence among University Students

Literature has established the effectiveness of self-regulatory techniques using Heart Rate Variability (HRV)-Biofeedback Technology in improving individual’s heart coherence. The current study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Quick Coherence Technique, a self-regulatory technique, through the application of HRV-biofeedback technology on the level of heart coherence among university students. A total of 20 students of a technical public university participated in the study. The Quick Coherence Technique (QCT) and the emWave device and software of the HeartMath Institute were used to collect the data. According to the HRV power spectrum, the HRV data is divided under very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) frequency ranges. Based on the results, the use of HRV-biofeedback technology and the QCT had helped to increase the levels of HRV scores and heart coherence of the participants

Poverty and Social Impact Analysis of Workers Welfare Fund

This study conducts the poverty and social impact analysis of the workers welfare fund (WWF) program across Pakistan. It finds that colossal documentation, delayed free disbursement, and distance of school from home are the main hurdles in the way of education. New housing schemes are moving at a slower pace with compromised quality, and repair work is not being done on a regular basis. Sanitation and sewerage issues in labour colonies are creating health and environmental hazard. Discrimination in health care facilities and rent-seeking is very obvious. There is a detailed process review of WWF that borrows advice from such programs in other parts of the world. It is important to note that after the 18th constitutional amendment, labour market reforms are now responsibilities of provincial governments. However we explain that such a transition is painstakingly slow. Keywords: Education, Conditional cash transfers, Gender balanc

Detection of Electromagnetic Inclusions using Topological Sensitivity

In this article a topological sensitivity framework for far field detection of a diametrically small electromagnetic inclusion is established. The cases of single and multiple measurements of the electric far field scattering amplitude at a fixed frequency are taken into account. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed theoretically in terms of its resolution and sensitivity for locating an inclusion. The stability of the framework with respect to measurement and medium noises is discussed. Moreover, the quantitative results for signal-to-noise ratio are presented. A few numerical results are presented to illustrate the detection capabilities of the proposed framework with single and multiple measurements.Comment: 31 pages, 5 figure