870 research outputs found
Pion-Nucleon Scattering in Kadyshevsky Formalism: II Baryon Exchange Sector
In this paper, which is the second part in a series of two, we construct tree
level baryon exchange and resonance amplitudes for / -scattering in
the framework of the Kadyshevsky formalism. We use this formalism to formally
implement absolute pair suppression, where we make use of the method of
Takahashi and Umezawa. The resulting amplitudes are Lorentz invariant and
causal. We continue studying the frame dependence of the Kadyshevsky integral
equation using the method of Gross and Jackiw. The invariant amplitudes,
including those for meson exchange, are linked to the phase-shifts using the
partial wave basis.Comment: 49 page
Pion-Nucleon Scattering in Kadyshevsky Formalism and Higher Spin Field Quantization
This thesis contains two parts. The first part deals with
pion-nucleon/meson-baryon scattering in the Kadyshevsky formalism. This
formalism is introduced and discussed. Problems may arise when derivative
couplings and/or higher spin fields are used, especially when compared to the
results in the Feynman formalism: unwanted contact terms pop-up. These terms
are cancelled using the Gross and Jackiw or Takahashi and Umezawa method. The
final results in both formalisms are therefore equal, causal and covariant.
Formal incorporation of pair suppression in the baryon exchange sector is
achieved using a method based on the Takahashi and Umezawa method. For the
resulting tree level amplitudes, we have shown, to our knowledge for the first
time, that they are causal, covariant and n-independent. Moreover, the
amplitudes are just a factor 1/2 of the usual Feynman expressions. The
amplitudes contain only posititve energy initial and final states, although it
should be mentioned that negative energy is present inside an amplitude via the
Delta propagator. The second part of this thesis deals with higher spin field
quantization in the framework of Dirac's Constraint analysis. A full constraint
analysis and quantization procedure is presented for the free spin 1,3/2 and 2
case and for the situation where these fields are coupled to auxiliary fields.
The constructed propagators in the former case are shown to be non-covariant,
as is well-known. Therefore, auxiliary fields coupled to gauge conditions of
the free case are introduced in the Lagrangian. Now, the resulting propagators
are covariant.Comment: 189 page
Effect of enhanced biosecurity and selected on-farm factors on Campylobacter colonization of chicken broilers
Economic Development and Infrastructure: The Case of Balochistan Province
In designing a future road network, public budget constraints
force administrations to make choices. The objective of economic
development requires that both efficiency and equity are taken into
account. The present analysis operationalises these two concepts by
social and economic accessibility in Balochistan. It suggests priorities
which can serve as an input for the design of the future road
network
Improving the Students\u27 Writing Competence in a Second Language Acquisition Through the Implementation of Lesson Study
Writing is the most difficult skill for second language learners. It can be seen, for example, they always make ageneralization, simplification, less of knowing vocabularies, punctuation, spelling, and grammar. This paper will describe improving the students\u27 writing competence in second language acquisition through the implementation of lesson study in faculty of language education of Indraprasta PGRI University of Jakarta. This research uses qualitative approach and the data taken from the students who are studying writing in the class. In applying lesson study, lecturer model explains about the materials based on the syllabus of the subject. The students are also given tasks in their groups. The observers watch and write about the students and assist them. After doing this, the observers discuss about the class with the lecturer model. By doing the implementation of Lesson Study, the students can work in group together, the class is so inspiring, they feel satisfied with the explanation of the lecturer model and havegood impact to improve the students\u27 writing competence
Pion-Nucleon Scattering in Kadyshevsky Formalism: I Meson Exchange Sector
In a series of two papers we present the theoretical results of /meson-baryon scattering in the Kadyshevsky formalism. In this paper the
results are given for meson exchange diagrams. On the formal side we show, by
means of an example, how general couplings, i.e. couplings containing multiple
derivatives and/or higher spin fields, should be treated. We do this by
introducing and applying the Takahashi-Umezawa and the Gross-Jackiw method. For
practical purposes we introduce the method. We also show how the
Takashashi-Umezawa method can be derived using the theory of Bogoliubov and
collaborators and the Gross-Jackiw method is also used to study the
-dependence of the Kadyshevsky integral equation. Last but not least we
present the second quantization procedure of the quasi particle in Kadyshevsky
formalism.Comment: 29 page
'Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is!': Effects of Streaks on Confidence and Betting in a Binary Choice Task.
This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bdm.1844/abstract.Human choice under uncertainty is influenced by erroneous beliefs about randomness. In simple binary choice tasks, such as red/black predictions in roulette, long outcome runs (e.g. red, red, red) typically increase the tendency to predict the other outcome (i.e. black), an effect labeled the "gambler's fallacy." In these settings, participants may also attend to streaks in their predictive performance. Winning and losing streaks are thought to affect decision confidence, although prior work indicates conflicting directions. Over three laboratory experiments involving red/black predictions in a sequential roulette task, we sought to identify the effects of outcome runs and winning/losing streaks upon color predictions, decision confidence and betting behavior. Experiments 1 (n = 40) and 3 (n = 40) obtained trial-by-trial confidence ratings, with a win/no win payoff and a no loss/loss payoff, respectively. Experiment 2 (n = 39) obtained a trial-by-trial bet amount on an equivalent scale. In each experiment, the gambler's fallacy was observed on choice behavior after color runs and, in experiment 2, on betting behavior after color runs. Feedback streaks exerted no reliable influence on confidence ratings, in either payoff condition. Betting behavior, on the other hand, increased as a function of losing streaks. The increase in betting on losing streaks is interpreted as a manifestation of loss chasing; these data help clarify the psychological mechanisms underlying loss chasing and caution against the use of betting measures ("post-decision wagering") as a straightforward index of decision confidence. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Indonesia Dalam Karangan Eksposisi Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
: The purpose of this research is : (1) to describes the error of Indonesian language in exposition text by the students at class X of SMA Negeri in Karanganyar in the academic year 2011/2012; (2) causes of error, and (3) the effort which is done by the teacher and student to solve the error. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with a sample student text SMA Negeri 1 Karanganyar and SMA Negeri Kebakkramat. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and document analysis. Data analysis technique used is the interactive analytical model that includes four components, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The conclusions of this study are as follows. Firstly, the linguistic elements of language errors that often occur in the student text is divided into four errors : spelling error, diction, sentence, and paragraph. Secondly, language errors that often occur in a student text exposition caused by several factors, among others: is inadequate of language mastery, lack of examples by the teachers, the influence of foreign language, lack of writing peactice, and lack of writing time. Thirdly, the efforts have been made to minimize errors include: improving students\u27 language mastery, having more practices in writing, implementing appropriate correction technique, and implementing a process approach to teaching writing
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