Forebrain Engraftment by Human Glial Progenitor Cells Enhances Synaptic Plasticity and Learning in Adult Mice

SummaryHuman astrocytes are larger and more complex than those of infraprimate mammals, suggesting that their role in neural processing has expanded with evolution. To assess the cell-autonomous and species-selective properties of human glia, we engrafted human glial progenitor cells (GPCs) into neonatal immunodeficient mice. Upon maturation, the recipient brains exhibited large numbers and high proportions of both human glial progenitors and astrocytes. The engrafted human glia were gap-junction-coupled to host astroglia, yet retained the size and pleomorphism of hominid astroglia, and propagated Ca2+ signals 3-fold faster than their hosts. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was sharply enhanced in the human glial chimeric mice, as was their learning, as assessed by Barnes maze navigation, object-location memory, and both contextual and tone fear conditioning. Mice allografted with murine GPCs showed no enhancement of either LTP or learning. These findings indicate that human glia differentially enhance both activity-dependent plasticity and learning in mice.Video Abstrac

Identification and verification of a prognostic signature based on a miRNA–mRNA interaction pattern in colon adenocarcinoma

The expression characteristics of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) are involved in regulating various biological processes. To achieve these functions, ncRNA and a member of the Argonaute protein family form an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The RISC is directed by ncRNA, especially microRNA (miRNA), to bind the target complementary mRNAs and regulate their expression by interfering with mRNA cleavage, degradation, or translation. However, how to identify potential miRNA biomarkers and therapeutic targets remains unclear. Here, we performed differential gene screening based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and annotated meaningful differential genes to enrich related biological processes and regulatory cancer pathways. According to the overlap between the screened differential mRNAs and differential miRNAs, a prognosis model based on a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-based Cox proportional hazards regression analysis can be established to obtain better prognosis characteristics. To further explore the therapeutic potential of miRNA as a target of mRNA intervention, we conducted an immunohistochemical analysis and evaluated the expression level in the tissue microarray of 100 colorectal cancer patients. The results demonstrated that the expression level of POU4F1, DNASE1L2, and WDR72 in the signature was significantly upregulated in COAD and correlated with poor prognosis. Establishing a prognostic signature based on miRNA target genes will help elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of COAD and provide novel potential targets for RNA therapy

Terahertz technology in intraoperative neurodiagnostics: A review

Terahertz (THz) technology offers novel opportunities in biology and medicine, thanks to the unique features of THz-wave interactions with tissues and cells. Among them, we particularly notice strong sensitivity of THz waves to the tissue water, as a medium for biochemical reactions and a main endogenous marker for THz spectroscopy and imaging. Tissues of the brain have an exceptionally high content of water. This factor, along with the features of the structural organization and biochemistry of neuronal and glial tissues, makes the brain an exciting subject to study in the THz range. In this paper, progress and prospects of THz technology in neurodiagnostics are overviewed, including diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease, myelin deficit, tumors of the central nervous system (with an emphasis on brain gliomas), and traumatic brain injuries. Fundamental and applied challenges in study of the THz-wave – brain tissue interactions and development of the THz biomedical tools and systems for neurodiagnostics are discussed

DESIGN OF AN ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR FORWARDER CABIN

En skotare är ett fordon som transporterar stockar ut från skogen till en större väg. Komatsu Forest AB har utvecklat en ny hytt upphängning till en av sina skotarmodeller. Den är baserad på passiva komponenter, fjädrar och dämpare. Komatsu vill undersöka möjligheterna till aktiv fjädring av det nya hytt konceptet. Syftet med detta arbete är att utveckla en simuleringsmodell med aktiv fjädring för det befintliga passiva upphängningssystem av skotarens kabin. Syftet är att minska hytt vibrationer inducerade från vägen i området 1-5 Hz.Arbetet är uppdelat i ett mekaniskt och ett hydrauliskt delsystem där en kaskad kopplad reglerstruktur antas kunna användas. Det mekaniska delsystemet modelleras i programvaran Simulink som en SimMechanics model för att kunna simuleras. På grund av att hytt upphängningen har tre mekaniska frihetsgrader men det regleras med fyra ställdon uppstår ett problem som kallas för överaktuerat system. En kvadratisk programmering algoritm utvecklades för att på ett optimalt sätt fördela krafterna från de fyra ställdonen på de tre frihetsgraderna på hytten.För de hydrauliska delsystemet, är matematiska modeller av olika detaljnivå utvecklade. Simuleringsresultaten av den härledda modellen jämförs sedan med SimHydraulics modellen och systemets egenskaper härleds. En hydraulisk kraft regulator är utvecklad för att uppnå det önskade målet från regleringen av mekaniken.Från körningar i skogen finns det uppmätta vägdata, dessa matas in i den kompletta simulerings modellen med reglering och analyseras. Baserat på simuleringsresultat kan sedan sensorer och den hydrauliska utrustning såsom ventiler väljas för implementering på en prototypmaskin.I denna avhandling har Girishkasturi.LH ansvarat för hydraulsystemets design och analys och Qiwu Wang ansvarat för den mekaniska system analysen och regler designen. Analysen av det kompletta systemet är gemensamt utfört.A forwarder is a forestry vehicle that carries logs from forest to a roadside landing. Komatsu Forest AB developed a new passive multi-DOF cabin suspension of a forwarder, and an attempt of active suspension control based on their mechanical solution is desired. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a simulation model of active suspension for an existing passive suspension system of the forwarder cabin, in order to reduce the vibration between 1-5 within the given cylinder stroke limitation.This thesis is modularized into mechanical and hydraulic subsystems and a cascaded control structure is adopted. For the mechanical subsystems, the system model is developed and analyzed based on mechanics theory, and then a SimMechanics model is derived for detailed simulation. Due to the property of over-actuated system, a quadratic programming algorithm is developed to optimally allocate control efforts. Then the control design of roll, pitch and heave is analyzed. According to the desired frequency response the controllers are designed with different control strategies. For the hydraulic subsystems, mathematic models of different detailed level are developed. The simulation results of the derived model are compared with the SimHydraulics model and the system properties are deduced. Also an internal mode force controller is developed to achieve the desired goal of force reference tracking.Then the measured vibration data obtained from Skogforsk is fed into the integrated system and analyzed. Based on the simulation result, the sensors and hydraulic equipment are selected for the real-time implementation.In this thesis, Girishkasturi.L.H is responsible for the hydraulic system design and analysis and Qiwu Wang is responsible for the mechanical system analysis and control design. The integrated system analysis is a joint work

El sistema de indicadores del Instituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación en México

En skotare är ett fordon som transporterar stockar ut från skogen till en större väg. Komatsu Forest AB har utvecklat en ny hytt upphängning till en av sina skotarmodeller. Den är baserad på passiva komponenter, fjädrar och dämpare. Komatsu vill undersöka möjligheterna till aktiv fjädring av det nya hytt konceptet. Syftet med detta arbete är att utveckla en simuleringsmodell med aktiv fjädring för det befintliga passiva upphängningssystem av skotarens kabin. Syftet är att minska hytt vibrationer inducerade från vägen i området 1-5 Hz.Arbetet är uppdelat i ett mekaniskt och ett hydrauliskt delsystem där en kaskad kopplad reglerstruktur antas kunna användas. Det mekaniska delsystemet modelleras i programvaran Simulink som en SimMechanics model för att kunna simuleras. På grund av att hytt upphängningen har tre mekaniska frihetsgrader men det regleras med fyra ställdon uppstår ett problem som kallas för överaktuerat system. En kvadratisk programmering algoritm utvecklades för att på ett optimalt sätt fördela krafterna från de fyra ställdonen på de tre frihetsgraderna på hytten.För de hydrauliska delsystemet, är matematiska modeller av olika detaljnivå utvecklade. Simuleringsresultaten av den härledda modellen jämförs sedan med SimHydraulics modellen och systemets egenskaper härleds. En hydraulisk kraft regulator är utvecklad för att uppnå det önskade målet från regleringen av mekaniken.Från körningar i skogen finns det uppmätta vägdata, dessa matas in i den kompletta simulerings modellen med reglering och analyseras. Baserat på simuleringsresultat kan sedan sensorer och den hydrauliska utrustning såsom ventiler väljas för implementering på en prototypmaskin.I denna avhandling har Girishkasturi.LH ansvarat för hydraulsystemets design och analys och Qiwu Wang ansvarat för den mekaniska system analysen och regler designen. Analysen av det kompletta systemet är gemensamt utfört.A forwarder is a forestry vehicle that carries logs from forest to a roadside landing. Komatsu Forest AB developed a new passive multi-DOF cabin suspension of a forwarder, and an attempt of active suspension control based on their mechanical solution is desired. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a simulation model of active suspension for an existing passive suspension system of the forwarder cabin, in order to reduce the vibration between 1-5 within the given cylinder stroke limitation.This thesis is modularized into mechanical and hydraulic subsystems and a cascaded control structure is adopted. For the mechanical subsystems, the system model is developed and analyzed based on mechanics theory, and then a SimMechanics model is derived for detailed simulation. Due to the property of over-actuated system, a quadratic programming algorithm is developed to optimally allocate control efforts. Then the control design of roll, pitch and heave is analyzed. According to the desired frequency response the controllers are designed with different control strategies. For the hydraulic subsystems, mathematic models of different detailed level are developed. The simulation results of the derived model are compared with the SimHydraulics model and the system properties are deduced. Also an internal mode force controller is developed to achieve the desired goal of force reference tracking.Then the measured vibration data obtained from Skogforsk is fed into the integrated system and analyzed. Based on the simulation result, the sensors and hydraulic equipment are selected for the real-time implementation.In this thesis, Girishkasturi.L.H is responsible for the hydraulic system design and analysis and Qiwu Wang is responsible for the mechanical system analysis and control design. The integrated system analysis is a joint work

The Efficacy and Safety of Nicorandil for Periprocedural Myocardial Injury in Patients Undergoing PCI: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nicorandil for periprocedural myocardial injury in patients undergoing PCI through meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods. We analyzed the clinical data of patients including the incidence of periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) from selected articles. RCTs were retrieved from medical literature databases. RR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the endpoints. Results. In total, 15 articles (16 trial comparisons) were retrieved which contained 2221 patients. In general, 1130 patients (50.9%) were randomized to the experimental group, whereas 1091 patients (49.1%) were randomized to the control group. The result showed that nicorandil significantly reduced the incidence of PMI and MACE after PCI compared to the control group. Conclusions. Overall, early use of nicorandil in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was associated with a significant reduction of PMI and MACE

Difficulties and Recent Achievements in Flotation Separation of Fluorite from Calcite—An Overview

As an important strategic non-metallic mineral resource, fluorite has been widely used in various industrial fields, such as metallurgy, optics and semiconductor manufacturing, as well as fluorine-related chemical engineering. Since the major gangue minerals of fluorite ore are silicate and carbonate ones, flotation is the main beneficiation method for the concentration. Compared with the relatively easy operation for silicate-type fluorite ore, fluorite concentration from calcite has always been the most difficult challenge in the field of mineral processing. In this review, analyses of the fundamental reasons for the difficulties of flotation separation of fluorite from calcite are performed, from the similar surface properties of both calcium minerals to the deterioration by the interference of dissolved ions in the pulp during grinding and flotation. Recent achievements in the flotation separation of fluorite from calcite as the main contents are comprehensively summarized, covering all aspects of flotation reagents of collectors, depressants and modifiers. Finally, successful examples of industrial practices for fluorite and calcite flotation separation are introduced. This overview provides a detailed and comprehensive reference source for the current research status of fluorite and calcite flotation separation, and some suggestions for future research are provided