UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL BAGI PENGRAJIN KERIS (Studi Pada Pengrajin Keris Desa Karangturi Kecamatan Gondangrejo Kabupaten Karanganyar)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai perlindungan hukum hak kekayaan intelektual dalam kesenian tradisional di Indonesia khususnya bagi pengrajin keris, dan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis mengenai prospek hukum hak kekayaan intelektual di Indonesia dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan bagi kesenian tradisional dari pembajakkan oleh negara lain. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Spesifikasi penelitian dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah bersifat deskriptif analitis. Jenis datanya berupa data sekunder, yang terdiri atas bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah studi kepustakaan atau dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang dipergunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif kemudian disimpulkan menggunakan logika deduksi untuk membangun sistem hukum positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlindungan hukum hak kekayaan intelektual khususnya bagi pengrajin keris, dibagi menjadi dua yaitu : Perlindungan Preventif dan Pengakuan Unesco. Perlindungan Preventif terdapat dalam Undang- undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Paal 10. Sedang mengenai pengakuan Unesco terhadap kerajinan keris ini diharapkan mendorong pemerintah daerah untuk berpartipasi aktif melestarikan kerajinan keris sebagai warisan budaya bangsa Indonesia. Dipilihnya Negara Indonesia sebagai pemegang hak cipta atas kerajinan keris sebagai budaya asli bangsa Indonesia karena Indonesia memiliki berbagai pengrajin keris yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia dan memiliki berbagai muesum keris yang manggambarkan bahwa kerajinan keris sudah dimiliki oleh rakyat Indonesia dan diwariskan secara turun temurun dari nenek moyang bangsa Indonesia. Prospek hukum hak kekayaan intelektual di Indonesia dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi kesenian tradisional dari pembajakkan oleh negara lain adalah : a) Pembentukan perundang-undangan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat lokal; b) Pelaksanaan dokumentasi sebagai sarana untuk defensive protection dengan melibatkan masyarakat atau LSM dalam proses efektifikasi dokumentasi dengan dimotori Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah; c) Menyiapkan mekanisme benefit sharing yang tetap

A Study of Green Infrastructure in European Cities: Opportunities and possibilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Green infrastructure (GI) is generally defined as a network of natural and semi-natural regions that has been sensitively developed and managed to provide an array of ecosystem services and improve people’s well-being. Across Europe, the notion of GI has had a robust association with the the impacts of climate change, multifunctionality, and green growth; this is especially true over the past ten years, from 2012 to 2022. This has resulted in a broad-based agenda on policy and research with vast differences, targeting a variety of themes and cultures. The systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in this paper present an up-to-date review of the main attributes of GI-related research and the implications for the member states within the European Union (EU). GI-related concepts, thematic clusters, and the main priorities within the research were considered in our review. Due to the ambiguity of the definition of GI, a broad diversity of research goals and published output are discussed. It was also seen that green spaces situated within urban areas and their related ecosystem services are the most common topics in the literature. Based on this, we recommend that an in-depth integration of the goals pertaining to nature conservation be conducted to understand how GI may pertain towards sustainable transitions in and outside the city

Studi tentang olengan bebas dan tahanan total kapal model uji di Laboratorium Kepelautan

Semakin disadari akan pentingnya penerapan teknologi yang lebih maju dalam mengkaji aspek kelautan, terutama dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya perikanan secara optimal dengan menggunakan sarana yang memadai. Olehnya, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh bentuk dan perubahan trim kapal terhadap tahanan total dan kestabilan dua kapal model uji yang datanya diperoleh pada kapal fibreglass (5 dan 30 GT) yang berpangkalan di beberapa pelabuhan perikanan di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan antara lain: pengukuran utama dimensi kapal, penggambaran lambung kapal dengan teknik pantograf, dan penggambaran kembali lambung kapal dengan menggunakan aplikasi komputer. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) stabilitas dari kapal model 5 GT relatif lebih stabil dari pada 30 GT; (2) kapal model 5 GT memiliki nilai tahanan total lebih besar oleh karena bentuk bodi kapal dan lambung kapal yang berbentuk gemuk

International, collaborative assessment of 146 000 prenatal karyotypes: expected limitations if only chromosome-specific probes and fluorescent in-situ hybridization are used

The development of chromosome-specific probes (CSP) and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) has allowed for very rapid identification of selected numerical abnormalities. We attempt here to determine, in principle, what percentage of abnormalities would be detectable if only CSP-FISH were performed without karyotype for prenatal diagnosis. A total of 146 128 consecutive karyotypes for prenatal diagnosis from eight centres in four countries for 5 years were compared with predicted detection if probes for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y were used, and assuming 100% detection efficiency. A total of 4163 abnormalities (2.85%) were found including 2889 (69.4%) (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, numerical sex chromosome abnormalities, and triploidies) which were considered detectable by FISH. Of these, 1274 were mosaics, translocations, deletions, inversions, rings, and markers which would not be considered detectable. CSP-FISH is a useful adjunct to karyotype for high risk situations, and may be appropriate in low risk screening, but should not be seen as a replacement for karyotype as too many structural chromosome abnormalities will be misse

Changes in Serum Electrolytes, Urea, and Creatinine in Aloe Vera-treated Rats

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Aloe vera extract (AvE) on serum electrolytes, urea, and creatinine as indices of renal function in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 80 and 130 g were used. Rats were divided into two groups: The control and the test groups (n=6). The test group received 1 ml of AvE daily for 28 days. Both the groups fed on standard rat chow and water ad libitum. The results showed a decrease in serum levels of sodium, and potassium, but an increase in the serum levels of bicarbonate, urea, and creatinine in the test group. The changes seen were, however, statistically insignificant, except for the serum levels of sodium and creatinine (P<0.05). It is thus concluded that AvE impairs renal handling of electrolytes with consequent hyponatremia and hypercreatinemia. However, this might be of therapeutic value in conditions associated with hypernatremia

Overall survival in malignant glioma is significantly prolonged by neurosurgical delivery of etoposide and temozolomide from a thermo-responsive biodegradable paste

Purpose: High-grade glioma (HGG) treatment is limited by the inability of otherwise potentially efficacious drugs to penetrate the blood brain barrier. We evaluate the unique intra-cavity delivery mode and translational potential of a blend of poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) paste combining temozolomide and etoposide to treat surgically resected HGG. Experimental Design: To prolong stability of temozolomide pro-drug, combined in vitro drug release was quantitatively assessed from low pH-based PLGA/PEG using advanced analytical methods. In vitro cytotoxicity was measured against a panel of HGG cell lines and patient-derived cultures using metabolic assays. In vivo safety and efficacy was evaluated using orthotopic 9L gliosarcoma allografts, previously utilized pre-clinically to develop Gliadel®. Results: Combined etoposide and temozolomide in vitro release (22 and 7 days respectively) was achieved from a lactic acid-based PLGA/PEG paste, used to enhance stability of temozolomide prodrug. HGG cells from central-enhanced regions were more sensitive to each compound relative to primary lines derived from the HGG invasive margin. Both drugs retained cytotoxic capability upon release from PLGA/PEG. In vivo studies revealed a significant overall survival benefit in post-surgery 9L orthotopic gliosarcomas treated with intra-cavity delivered PLGA/PEG/temozolomide/etoposide and enhanced with adjuvant radiotherapy. Long-term survivorship was observed in over half the animals with histological confirmation of disease-free brain. Conclusions: The significant survival benefit of intra-cavity chemotherapy demonstrates clinical applicability of PLGA/PEG paste-mediated delivery of temozolomide and etoposide adjuvant to radiotherapy. PLGA/PEG paste offers a future platform for combination delivery of molecular targeted compounds

Demonstration of the temporal matter-wave Talbot effect for trapped matter waves

We demonstrate the temporal Talbot effect for trapped matter waves using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. We investigate the phase evolution of an array of essentially non-interacting matter waves and observe matter-wave collapse and revival in the form of a Talbot interference pattern. By using long expansion times, we image momentum space with sub-recoil resolution, allowing us to observe fractional Talbot fringes up to 10th order.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV

We present the first measurement of directed flow ($v_1$) at RHIC. $v_1$ is found to be consistent with zero at pseudorapidities $\eta$ from -1.2 to 1.2, then rises to the level of a couple of percent over the range $2.4 < |\eta| < 4$. The latter observation is similar to data from NA49 if the SPS rapidities are shifted by the difference in beam rapidity between RHIC and SPS. Back-to-back jets emitted out-of-plane are found to be suppressed more if compared to those emitted in-plane, which is consistent with {\it jet quenching}. Using the scalar product method, we systematically compared azimuthal correlations from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions. Flow and non-flow from these three different collision systems are discussed.Comment: Quark Matter 2004 proceeding, 4 pages, 3 figure