1,717 research outputs found
Interpersonal prosodic correlation in frontotemporal dementia.
Communication accommodation describes how individuals adjust their communicative style to that of their conversational partner. We predicted that interpersonal prosodic correlation related to pitch and timing would be decreased in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We predicted that the interpersonal correlation in a timing measure and a pitch measure would be increased in right temporal FTD (rtFTD) due to sparing of the neural substrate for speech timing and pitch modulation but loss of social semantics. We found no significant effects in bvFTD, but conversations including rtFTD demonstrated higher interpersonal correlations in speech rate than healthy controls
Structural Change in (Economic) Time Series
Methods for detecting structural changes, or change points, in time series
data are widely used in many fields of science and engineering. This chapter
sketches some basic methods for the analysis of structural changes in time
series data. The exposition is confined to retrospective methods for univariate
time series. Several recent methods for dating structural changes are compared
using a time series of oil prices spanning more than 60 years. The methods
broadly agree for the first part of the series up to the mid-1980s, for which
changes are associated with major historical events, but provide somewhat
different solutions thereafter, reflecting a gradual increase in oil prices
that is not well described by a step function. As a further illustration, 1990s
data on the volatility of the Hang Seng stock market index are reanalyzed.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Behavioral indices of positivity resonance associated with long-term marital satisfaction.
Positivity resonance-defined as a synthesis of shared positive affect, mutual care and concern, plus behavioral and biological synchrony-is theorized to contribute to a host of positive outcomes, including relationship satisfaction. The current study examined whether, in long-term married couples, behavioral indices of positivity resonance (rated using a new behavioral coding system) are associated with concurrent shared positive affect using a well-established dyadic-level behavioral coding system (i.e., Specific Affect Coding System: SPAFF), and whether positivity resonance predicts concurrent marital satisfaction independently from other affective indices. Long-term married couples completed a self-report inventory assessing marital satisfaction and were then brought into the laboratory to participate in a conversation about an area of marital disagreement while being videotaped for subsequent behavioral coding. Interrater reliability for positivity resonance behavioral coding was high (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.8). Results indicated that positivity resonance is associated with frequency of shared positive affect using SPAFF. No associations were found between positivity resonance and frequencies of SPAFF-coded individual-level positive affect or shared negative affect. Additionally, positivity resonance predicted marital satisfaction independently from frequencies of SPAFF-coded shared positive affect and individual-level positive affect alone. The effect of positivity resonance on marital satisfaction also remained significant after controlling for overall affective tone of conflict conversation. These findings provide preliminary construct and predictive validity for positivity resonance behavioral coding, and highlight the possible role positivity resonance may play in building relationship satisfaction in married couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)
First Acetic Acid Survey with CARMA in Hot Molecular Cores
Acetic acid (CHCOOH) has been detected mainly in hot molecular cores
where the distribution between oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) containing molecular
species is co-spatial within the telescope beam. Previous work has presumed
that similar cores with co-spatial O and N species may be an indicator for
detecting acetic acid. However, does this presumption hold as higher spatial
resolution observations become available of large O and N-containing molecules?
As the number of detected acetic acid sources is still low, more observations
are needed to support this postulate. In this paper, we report the first acetic
acid survey conducted with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave
Astronomy (CARMA) at 3 mm wavelengths towards G19.61-0.23, G29.96-0.02 and IRAS
16293-2422. We have successfully detected CHCOOH via two transitions toward
G19.61-0.23 and tentatively confirmed the detection toward IRAS 16293-2422 A.
The determined column density of CHCOOH is 2.0(1.0)
cm and the abundance ratio of CHCOOH to methyl formate (HCOOCH)
is 2.2(0.1) toward G19.61-0.23. Toward IRAS 16293 A, the
determined column density of CHCOOH is 1.6
cm and the abundance ratio of CHCOOH to methyl formate (HCOOCH)
is 1.0 both of which are consistent with abundance
ratios determined toward other hot cores. Finally, we model all known line
emission in our passband to determine physical conditions in the regions and
introduce a new metric to better reveal weak spectral features that are blended
with stronger lines or that may be near the 1-2 detection limit.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ; Revised
citation in session 2, references remove
Theory of Transmission through disordered superlattices
We derive a theory for transmission through disordered finite superlattices
in which the interface roughness scattering is treated by disorder averaging.
This procedure permits efficient calculation of the transmission thr ough
samples with large cross-sections. These calculations can be performed
utilizing either the Keldysh or the Landauer-B\"uttiker transmission
formalisms, both of which yield identical equations. For energies close to the
lowest miniband, we demonstrate the accuracy of the computationally efficient
Wannier-function approximation. Our calculations indicate that the transmission
is strongly affected by interface roughness and that information about scale
and size of the imperfections can be obtained from transmission data.Comment: 12 pages, 6 Figures included into the text. Final version with minor
changes. Accepted by Physical Review
Combined BIMA and OVRO observations of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
We present results from an observing campaign of the molecular content of the
coma of comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) carried out jointly with the millimeter-arrays
of the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) and the Owens Valley Radio
Observatory (OVRO). Using the BIMA array in autocorrelation (`single-dish')
mode, we detected weak HCN J=1-0 emission from comet C/1999 S4 (LINEAR) at 14
+- 4 mK km/s averaged over the 143" beam. The three days over which emission
was detected, 2000 July 21.9-24.2, immediately precede the reported full
breakup of the nucleus of this comet. During this same period, we find an upper
limit for HCN 1-0 of 144 mJy/beam km/s (203 mK km/s) in the 9"x12" synthesized
beam of combined observations of BIMA and OVRO in cross-correlation (`imaging')
mode. Together with reported values of HCN 1-0 emission in the 28" IRAM
30-meter beam, our data probe the spatial distribution of the HCN emission from
radii of 1300 to 19,000 km. Using literature results of HCN excitation in
cometary comae, we find that the relative line fluxes in the 12"x9", 28" and
143" beams are consistent with expectations for a nuclear source of HCN and
expansion of the volatile gases and evaporating icy grains following a Haser
model.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures. Uses aastex. AJ in pres
Risk factors for 3-year-mortality and a tool to screen patient in dialysis population
Introduction: Clinical parameters especially co‑morbidities among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are associated with mortality. This study aims to determine the risk factors that are associated with mortality within three years among prevalent patients with ESRD. Methods: This is a cohort study where prevalent ESRD patients’ details were recorded between May 2012 and October 2012. Their records were matched with national death record at the end of year 2015 to identify the deceased patients within three years. Four models were formulated with two models were based on logistic regression models but with different number of predictors and two models were developed based on risk scoring technique. The preferred models were validated by using sensitivity and specificity analysis. Results: A total of 1332 patients were included in the study. Majority succumbed due to cardiovascular disease (48.3%) and sepsis (41.3%). The identified risk factors were mode of dialysis (P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001), chronic heart disease (P < 0.001) and leg amputation (P = 0.016). The accuracy of four models was almost similar with AUC between 0.680 and 0.711. The predictive models from logistic regression model and risk scoring model were selected as the preferred models based on both accuracy and simplicity. Besides the mode of dialysis, diabetes mellitus and its complications are the important predictors for early mortality among prevalent ESRD patients. Conclusions: The models either based on logistic regression or risk scoring model can be used to screen high risk prevalent ESRD patients
Influence of music on driver psychology and safety-relevant behaviours: a multi-study inductive content analysis
Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2021.2009933 .Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Underpinned by pragmatism and symbolic interactionism, an inductive content analysis was conducted to assess driving experiences under a variety of music conditions. Many quantitative studies have addressed the effects of music on drivers, but there has been a conspicuous dearth of qualitative research to provide a more nuanced understanding of music-related phenomena. Data collection took place over three simulated driving studies, each with different tasks/participants (Study 1 – n = 34, Study 2 – n = 46, and Study 3 – n = 27). The inductive content analysis was conducted by two members of the research team and a peer debriefing was conducted by a third. Findings show that music can have a range of affective, behavioural and cognitive effects (both positive and negative), that are moderated by the driving environment (i.e. urban vs. highway) and aspects of the musical stimulus (i.e. inclusion/non-inclusion of lyrics, loudness and tempo). Participants were mindful of the implications of in-vehicle music vis-à-vis the safety–performance–pleasure trade-off. The analysis suggested a perceived beneficial effect of music and consequent contribution to driving style/safety-related performance. Younger drivers’ apparent reliance on music as a means by which to regulate their emotion highlights an education need in terms of optimising selections.UKRI Economic and Social Research Council grant (ES/R005559/1); Direct Line Group (UK)
Psychological and psychophysiological effects of music intensity and lyrics on simulated urban driving
© 2021 The Authors. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of musical characteristics (i.e., presence of lyrics and loudness) in the context of simulated urban driving. Previous work has seldom isolated musical characteristics and examined these both singularly and interactively. We investigated the potentially distracting effects of processing lyrics through exposing young drivers to the same piece of music with/without lyrics and at different sound intensities (60 dBA [soft] and 75 dBA [loud]) using a counterbalanced, within-subjects design (N = 34; Mage = 22.2 years, SD = 2.0 years). Six simulator conditions were included that comprised low-intensity music with/without lyrics, high-intensity music with/without lyrics, plus two controls – ambient in-car noise and spoken lyrics. Between-subjects variables of driving style (defensive vs. assertive) and sex (women vs. men) were explored. A key finding was that the no lyrics/soft condition yielded lower affective arousal scores when compared to the other music conditions. There was no main effect of condition for HRV data (SDNN and RMSSD). Exploratory analyses showed that, for assertive drivers, NASA-TLX Performance scores were lower in the no lyrics/soft condition compared to the lyrics/loud condition. Moreover, women exhibited higher mean heart rate than men in the presence of lyrics. Although some differences emerged in subjective outcomes, these were not replicated in HRV, which was used as an objective index of emotionality. Drivers should consider the use of soft, non-lyrical music to optimise their affective state during urban driving.UKRI Economic and Social Research Council grant (ES/R005559/ 1); Direct Line Group (UK)
The first ALMA view of IRAS 16293-2422: Direct detection of infall onto source B and high-resolution kinematics of source A
Aims: We focus on the kinematical properties of a proto-binary to study the
infall and rotation of gas towards its two protostellar components. Methods: We
present ALMA Science Verification observations with high-spectral resolution of
IRAS 16293-2422 at 220.2 GHz. The wealth of molecular lines in this source and
the very high spectral resolution offered by ALMA allow us to study the gas
kinematics with unprecedented detail. Results: We present the first detection
of an inverse P-Cygni profile towards source B in the three brightest lines.
The line profiles are fitted with a simple two-layer model to derive an infall
rate of 4.5x10^-5 Msun/yr. This infall detection would rule-out the previously
suggested possibility that source B is a T Tauri star. A position velocity
diagram for source A shows evidence for rotation with an axis close to the
line-of-sight.Comment: Accepted by A&A Letters. 4 pages, 3 figures, 3 appendices (one for
Tables, one for additional figures). This second version includes small
language modifications and changes to keep the letter within the 4 page limi
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