Optimizing Chaotic Dynamics in a Semiconductor Laser with Dual Optical Feedback

Semiconductor lasers subject to optical feedback can behave chaotically, which can be used as a source of randomness. The optical feedback, provided by mirrors at a distance, determines the characteristics of the chaos and thus the quality of the randomness. However, this fixed distance also shows itself in the intensity, an unwanted feature called the Time Delay Signature (TDS). One promising solution to optimize the chaotic behavior is using double optical feedback, which we study here. In particular, we focus on the impact of the feedback phase, a small sub-wavelength change in the position of the mirrors, on the TDS and complexity of the system. We show that by optimizing the feedback parameters, including the feedback phases, the TDS can be suppressed, and that in some cases feedback phase control is necessary rather than optional. With control of all feedback parameters, it is possible to suppress the TDS without loss of the chaotic bandwidth. Further, we show that the system can restabilize at strong feedback rates, and one can switch between a chaotic and steady state by changing the feedback phase. Finally, we relate the feedback phase sensitivity to interference between the two delayed signals. This system is promising as one can either suppress the TDS without loss of the chaotic bandwidth or significantly increase the chaotic bandwidth.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitte

Re-examining the rare and the lost : a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)

We re-evaluate eleven fossils that have previously been assigned to the family Tortricidae, describe one additional fossil, and assess whether observable morphological features warrant confident assignment of these specimens to this family. We provide an overview of the age and origin of the fossils and comment on their contribution towards understanding the phylogeny of the Lepidoptera. Our results show that only one specimen, Antiquatortia histuroides Brown & Baixeras gen. and sp. nov., shows a character considered synapomorphic for the family. Six other fossils (Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov, 1941; Tortricidrosis inclusa Skalski, 1973; Tortricites skalskii Kozlov, 1988; Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski, 1992; Polyvena horatis Poinar and Brown, 1993 and a trace fossil purported to be larval feeding damage of Retinia resinella (Linnaeus, 1758)) exhibit a combination of homoplastic characters typical of tortricid moths or characteristic feeding damage. An unnamed species doubtfully assigned to Olethreutinae by Skalski (1992), Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1992, Tortricites florissantanus (Cockerell, 1907), Tortricites destructus (Cockerell, 1916) and Tortricites sadilenkoi Kozlov, 1988 do not show enough character evidence to be convincingly placed in Tortricidae. Therefore, we transfer the three latter species from the collective group Tortricites Kozlov, 1988, defined as an assemblage of fossil leafrollers that cannot be placed with certainty in known genera, to Paleolepidopterites Kozlov, new collective group, defined as a group of fossil lepidopterans whose assignment to a certain family is currently impossible.Peer reviewe

Thermodynamics of trajectories of the one-dimensional Ising model

We present a numerical study of the dynamics of the one-dimensional Ising model by applying the large-deviation method to describe ensembles of dynamical trajectories. In this approach trajectories are classified according to a dynamical order parameter and the structure of ensembles of trajectories can be understood from the properties of large-deviation functions, which play the role of dynamical free-energies. We consider both Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics, and also the presence of a magnetic field. For Glauber dynamics in the absence of a field we confirm the analytic predictions of Jack and Sollich about the existence of critical dynamical, or space-time, phase transitions at critical values of the "counting" field $s$. In the presence of a magnetic field the dynamical phase diagram also displays first order transition surfaces. We discuss how these non-equilibrium transitions in the 1$d$ Ising model relate to the equilibrium ones of the 2$d$ Ising model. For Kawasaki dynamics we find a much simple dynamical phase structure, with transitions reminiscent of those seen in kinetically constrained models.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure

POTENSI LAHAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA BUAH NANAS UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DI KABUPATEN SUBANG

Subang Regency has the main sector in the field of agriculture that is pineapple fruit horticulture. According to Subang Spatial Planning Regulation of 2011 - 2031 agricultural potential that has the opportunity to increase the financing capacity of regional development is pineapple fruit. The objectives of this study were to: (1) delineate the available land for pineapple fruit, (2) evaluate the suitability of the land for pineapple fruit cultivation, (3) determine the potential land location for pineapple fruit development. The methodology used in this study was an analysis of Geographic Information System and land evaluation based on limiting factor to compare the characteristics of the land with the requirements of growing plants. The results showed that of potential land for the development of pineapple fruit is spread over the south side of Subang Regency. Sub-district prioritized the recommended for development is sub-district which have the area of available land and have the widest suitability, namely Cijambe Sub-district with an area of 2,124 hectares and Jalancagak sub-district with an area of 1,135 hectares

Кожный аллотрансплантат, консервированный в глицероле – ключ к эффективной подготовке раневого ложа

Queen Fabiola Children’s University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium, Brugmann University Hospital, Brussels, BelgiumFor spontaneous wound healing to occur, wound preparation must be optimised. This may be impaired by several factors. This paper presents the authors experience and philosophy regarding wound bed preparation of extensive and complicated wounds. After the removal of all devitalized tissue, angiogenesis of the wound bed is promoted by the temporary application of the glycerol preserved allograft. This study included all patients with burns and wounds, who were admitted to the Queen Fabiola Children’s University Hospital in Brussels from January 2010 to November 2010 who had been treated with a glycerol preserved allograft. The results of the study showed the high effectiveness of these kinds of treatments: infection control, stimulation of angiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation.Спонтанное заживление раны может быть нарушено различными неблагоприятними факторами. Раневое ложе должно быть подготовленно. В этой статье авторы поделились своим опытом и тактикой подготовки раневого ложа обширных и осложнённых ран. После удаления всех нежизнеспособных тканей, ангиогенез был стимулирован путём временной аппликации кожного аллотрансплантата, консервированного в глицероле. В данное исследование были включены пациенты с ожогами и ранами, поступившие в Детский Университетский Госпиталь Королевы Фабиолы в Брюсселе с января по ноябрь 2010 года, в лечении которых был использован кожный аллотрансплантат, консервированный в глицероле. Результаты показали высокую эффективность данного лечения: контроль инфекции, стимуляция ангиогенеза, формирование грануляционной ткани, предотвращение контрактур и др

Variational assimilation of Lagrangian data in oceanography

We consider the assimilation of Lagrangian data into a primitive equations circulation model of the ocean at basin scale. The Lagrangian data are positions of floats drifting at fixed depth. We aim at reconstructing the four-dimensional space-time circulation of the ocean. This problem is solved using the four-dimensional variational technique and the adjoint method. In this problem the control vector is chosen as being the initial state of the dynamical system. The observed variables, namely the positions of the floats, are expressed as a function of the control vector via a nonlinear observation operator. This method has been implemented and has the ability to reconstruct the main patterns of the oceanic circulation. Moreover it is very robust with respect to increase of time-sampling period of observations. We have run many twin experiments in order to analyze the sensitivity of our method to the number of floats, the time-sampling period and the vertical drift level. We compare also the performances of the Lagrangian method to that of the classical Eulerian one. Finally we study the impact of errors on observations.Comment: 31 page

Adoption In Lucy Maud Montgomery's Novel Anne Of Green Gables (1908): A Psychoanalytic Approach

The major problem of this study is adoption. No every child can live with biological parents. The objective of this study is to analyze this novel based on the Psychoanalytic Approach. The writer employs qualitative method. The writer uses two data source: primary and secondary. The primary data source of this study is Anne of Green Gables novel by Lucy Maud Montgomery. Secondary data are the supporting data taken from literary books, criticism, and some articles related to the novel. The secondary data of the study are taken from any information related to the novel. The method of data collection is the research will employ the descriptive qualitative research. Based on the analysis, the researcher gets some conclusions. The study shows that adoption has big impacts in Anne Shirley life. Anne’s adoption brings her to reach the goals in her life. Anne Shirley has extremely imagination in a lot of aspects of her life. Anne loves to be a teacher. She has many desires in her life. She tries hard to get what she wants. Anne does a lot of efforts and never gives up. Anne realizes without struggle her dreams will not come true

Re-examining the rare and the lost: a review of fossil Tortricidae (Lepidoptera)

We re-evaluate eleven fossils that have previously been assigned to the family Tortricidae, describe one additional fossil, and assess whether observable morphological features warrant confident assignment of these specimens to this family. We provide an overview of the age and origin of the fossils and comment on their contribution towards understanding the phylogeny of the Lepidoptera. Our results show that only one specimen, Antiquatortia histuroides Brown & Baixeras gen. and sp. nov., shows a character considered synapomorphic for the family. Six other fossils (Electresia zalesskii Kusnezov, 1941; Tortricidrosis inclusa Skalski, 1973; Tortricites skalskii Kozlov, 1988; Tortricibaltia diakonoffi Skalski, 1992; Polyvena horatis Poinar and Brown, 1993 and a trace fossil purported to be larval feeding damage of Retinia resinella (Linnaeus, 1758)) exhibit a combination of homoplastic characters typical of tortricid moths or characteristic feeding damage. An unnamed species doubtfully assigned to Olethreutinae by Skalski (1992), Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1992, Tortricites florissantanus (Cockerell, 1907), Tortricites destructus (Cockerell, 1916) and Tortricites sadilenkoi Kozlov, 1988 do not show enough character evidence to be convincingly placed in Tortricidae. Therefore, we transfer the three latter species from the collective group Tortricites Kozlov, 1988, defined as an assemblage of fossil leafrollers that cannot be placed with certainty in known genera, to Paleolepidopterites Kozlov, new collective group, defined as a group of fossil lepidopterans whose assignment to a certain family is currently impossible

Data incongruence and the problem of avian louse phylogeny

Recent studies based on different types of data (i.e. morphological and molecular) have supported conflicting phylogenies for the genera of avian feather lice (Ischnocera: Phthiraptera). We analyse new and published data from morphology and from mitochondrial (12S rRNA and COI) and nuclear (EF1-) genes to explore the sources of this incongruence and explain these conflicts. Character convergence, multiple substitutions at high divergences, and ancient radiation over a short period of time have contributed to the problem of resolving louse phylogeny with the data currently available. We show that apparent incongruence between the molecular datasets is largely attributable to rate variation and nonstationarity of base composition. In contrast, highly significant character incongruence leads to topological incongruence between the molecular and morphological data. We consider ways in which biases in the sequence data could be misleading, using several maximum likelihood models and LogDet corrections. The hierarchical structure of the data is explored using likelihood mapping and SplitsTree methods. Ultimately, we concede there is strong discordance between the molecular and morphological data and apply the conditional combination approach in this case. We conclude that higher level phylogenetic relationships within avian Ischnocera remain extremely problematic. However, consensus between datasets is beginning to converge on a stable phylogeny for avian lice, at and below the familial rank