Facilitation and Mediation in South Africa: Three Case Studies

Excerpt In this paper I discuss three case studies of facilitation and mediation in South Africa: 1) facilitation between the South African apartheid establishment and the African National Congress in exile from 1963 to 1989; 2) facilitation that eventually led to mediation between Inkatha and the United Democratic Front in Natal over 10 months from 1985 to 1986; and 3)mediation between the African National Congress and the Afrikaner Freedom Foundation (Afrikaner Vryheidstigting, also known as Avstig) over 18 months from 1991 to 1993

Die Via Dolorosa

In die hartjie van Jerusalem, die heilige stad vir Jood, Mohammedaan en Christen staan daar ’n boog, die ,,Ecce Homoboog” genaamd, en 'n klein endjie daarvandaan, die Heilige Grafkerk

Constructive Conflict Intervention in South Africa: Some Lessons

Historically, South Africa has lacked a culture of trust in negotiation as a conflict accommodation mechanism. During the security clampdown of the P. W. Botha era in the 1980s and subsequent polarization, concepts such as negotiation and mediation were viewed with suspicion in various quarters. However, paradoxically, the labour legislation introduced in 1979 promoted black empowerment, which was to lead to improved prospects of meaningful negotiation and the acceptability of mediation in resolving labour disputes. Concurrently, the township turbulence of the mid-1980s also led to local-level negotiations between blacks and whites. It was found at the national political level that, whilst the time was not ripe for mediation, low-profile facilitation as a more acceptable form of intervention in fact paved the way for the political breakthrough of 1990. Insights developed during this period led to the formulation of a number of principles of communication and included the reconciliation of seemingly contrasting options such as negotiation and coercion, impartiality and concern, and incremental steps and radical goals

Cyclic changes of steroid production activity in the ovary and estradiol levels in the blood plasma of the mudfish, Labeo capensis

The annual reproductive cycle of female Labeo capensiswas investigated using histochemical and endocrinological parameters. It was found that steroid production occurred in three localities in the ovary, namely, special theca cells, granulosa cells and interstitial cells. The 3β-HSD activity (steroid activity) in the granulosa cells and estradiol-17β concentration in the plasma reached a peak during exogenous vitellogenesis. During the oocyte maturation phase the 3β-HSD activity in the special theca cells and the GSI reached a maximum. Possible functions of steroids secreted by special theca cells and granulosa cells are discussed.S. Afr. J. Zool. 1987,22(3

Cr(VI) formation during ozonation of Cr-containing materials in aqueous suspension – implications for water treatment

Ozonation, or advanced oxidation processes (utilising ozone decomposition products as oxidants) are widely used in industrial wastewater and drinking water treatment plants. In these applications the use of ozone is based on ozone and its decomposition by-products being strong oxidants. In this paper, the possible oxidation of non-Cr(VI) Cr-containing materials suspended in water during ozonation, is presented. This study is of particular interest within the South African context, considering that South Africa holds the majority of global chromium ore resources and has the largest Cr-related industry in the world. Chromium also occurs commonly in other industrial waste materials and is a naturally-occurring element in the crust of the earth. Results indicated that in situ formation of Cr(VI) is possible during aqueous ozonation. pH had a significant influence, since the decomposition products of aqueous O3, i.e. hydroxyl radicals formed at higher pH levels, were found to be predominantly responsible for Cr(VI) formation. Increased ozonation contact time, water temperature and solid loading also resulted in higher Cr(VI) concentrations being formed

LEED analysis of a dense lead monolayer on copper (100)

A LEED intensity analysis is reported for the c(5√2 × √2)R45° structure, which is formed by a dense lead monolayer on the (100) surface of copper. Evidence was found that the adsorbate atoms do not arrange pseudo-hexagonally (i.e. without sixfold intra-layer coordination) as expected for a dense two-dimensional package. It was confirmed that the lead atoms still tend to occupy the hollow sites of the (100) surface and arrange in the narrow domains of a strained c(2 × 2) structure. These domains are regularly intersected by dislocation lines, so that adjacent domains are in antiphase position. Within this arrangement the adsorbate atoms are mutually equidistant with closer spacings than in bulk lead. The growth of the monolayer and the epitaxial growth of lead on copper (100) in Stranski-Krastanov mode are correlated to this structure

Community leadership in Grahamstown

In this study an analysis was made of the leadership structure of the community of Grahamstown. It was hypothesized that the leadership structure is pluralistic i.e. that leaders are divided along themselves on different issues. An historical and documentary analysis of various aspects of community life revealed that leaders were not united on almost all issues. An analysis of the voluntary associations in which the top leaders took an active part revealed great discrepancy in terms of orientation toward the community, society, and social exclusiveness. A schedule was administered to 90 leaders who were identified by the Cooperating- Informant Technique. Data. were collected about their background characteristics, attitudes toward certain local issues and their general ideological orientations. It was found that stands taken on local issues can best be interpreted in terms of ideological orientation. We conclude that local community leadership is pluralistic. In view of the relationship between local issues and the larger society, several selected problems merit further investigation