MP-10 Subcloning Gene Encoding Rophtry 1 (ROP1) Toxoplasma gondii WTA Isolate

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite which could infected all organism, and built a vacuola parasitoporus for multiplicity their self in host [1]. Toxoplasmosis is the one of zoonotic diseases which could infected animal and human and involved that two organism to their life [2].Toxoplasmosis in animal is difficult to held, it cause involved the environment. Oosit could sporulated in the water, it made fish, walrus and other mamalian infected by T. gondii. Bat could be a vector of T. gondii if they bite cattle where in it bloods contain with tachyzoites [3]. Toxoplasmosis in ranch such as cattle, pork, sheep, goat and poultry focused on reproduction health that impact economics system and causes congenital disease. This condition can impact for fulfill of prime seed and good meat for human consumption [4].The invasion of T. gondii to host cell could cause immunology reaction like cytokine secretors such as IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α and T cells such as CD4+ and CD8+. It involved surface antigen/SAG protein and excretory-secretory antigen/ESA protein [5].Rophtry-1 protein has functioned as a penetration factor and it has 66 kDa molecular of weight. Cloning gene of rophtry-1 T. gondii RH isolate have done and result on vaccination using recombinant plasmid rop1, improving activity of natural kill cells, cell and T proliferation. Recombinant antigen of ROP1 also can use for toxoplasma diagnosis [6,7].The aim of these studies was to sub-clone the gene encoding ROP-1 protein T. gondii WTA isolate to pET-32a(+) and produced a recombinant plasmid of ROP-1 in E. coli BL-21(DE3). This recombinant plasmid will be used to produce a recombinant protein which will be able to perform preliminary studies on its stability on detect T. gondii specific antibodies

Genetic Relatedness Between Batur, Merino and Local Sheep Based on Random Amplyfied Polymorphism DNA Marker

RAPD analysis to determine the diversity, status and genetic close relatioship Batur with Merino, Garut, Thin Tail and Fat Tail sheep genomic DNA was used in 27 Batur, 15 Merino, 17 Garut, 15 Thin Tails and Fat Tails animals. The process of RAPD-PCR used five primers of 10 nucleotides. PCR results were electrophoresed with 2% agarose gel. Identified similarities and differences between individual RAPD bands one and cross-sample of the population, genetic distance and closeness of genetic relationship. The process 89 sample sheep RAPD-PCR generated of 4189 band from 100 to 1500 bp which consisted of 91 type. Batur sheep samples produced bands at most (1666 tape) and the lowest Fat Tails (493 bands). The number monomorfism of bands most of the Batur (891 bands) and the lowest Garut (170 bands), but the polymorphism band\u27s highest of the Batur (775 bands) and the lowest Fat Tails (262 bands). Between individuals within populations have similar genetic Merino highest and the lowest Thin Tail. Cross-population genetic similarity is highest individuals in the population Batur and Merino, while the lowest Merino and Thin Tail. The closest genetic distance was Batur with Merino population and the most apart distant Merino with Thin Tail or Merino and Fat Tails. Batur sheep population has the closest genetic relationship with the Merino and the most apart distant is with Fat Tail. (Animal Production 13(1):30-38 (2011

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAUN NERIUM INDICUM MILL.

ABSTRAK: Nerium indicum Mill. (fam. Apocynaceae) merupakan salah satu Nerium sp. yang tumbuh di Indonesia sebagai tanaman bias. Secara tradisional, Nerium sp. digunakan sebagai antikanker, pengusir serangga, diuretika, antiskabies, antiinfeksi, insektisida dan kardiotonika, tetapi senyawa bioaktif yang bertanggung jawab untuk aktivitas tersebut belum seluruhnya diteliti. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan isolasi dan identifikasi senyawa bioaktif dari daun N. indicum. Senyawa bioaktif [t1= 246-248° CLC-50 = 1,36 1.tg/m1 pada BST (Brine Shrimp Lethality lest)] dari daun N. indicum berhasil diisolasi dengan metoda ekstraksi, dan fraksinasi yang dimonitor dengan KLT (Kromatografi Lapis Tipis) dan uji BST. Identifikasi senyawa bioaktif dilakukan secara spektroskopi (uv, ir, ms dan 2D-tunr). Berdasarkan atas data spektra dan perbandingan dengan senyawa pembanding, maka senyawa bioaktif diidentifikasi sebagai oleandrin atau 1613-asetoksi-3[3-oleandrosa-1413-hidroksi-513-kard-20 (22)-enolida. Kata kunci : Nerium indicum, senyawa bioalctif, BST, oleandrin ABSTRACT Nerium indicum Mill. (fain. Apocynaceae) is one of Nerium sp. that grows in Indonesia as ornamental. Traditionally, Nerium sp. is utilized as anticancer, insect repelant, diuretics, antiscabies, antiinfection, insecticide, and cardiotonichowever, its bioactive substances responsible for these activities have not yet been fully determined. Therefore, this work was aimed to isolate and identify the most potential bioactive substances present in the leaves of N. indicum. The bioactive compound [mp = 246-248° CLC-50 = 1.36 pg/m1 on BST (Brine Shrimp Lethality test)] was successfully isolated from the leaves using bioactive (BST) guided solvent extraction and partition. Identification was done spectroscopically methods (uv, ir, ms and 2D-nmr) and by comparison with authentic reference data. The bioactive compound obtained was identified as oleandrin or 1613-acetoxy-30- oleandrose-50-card-20(22)-enolide. Key words: Nerium indicum, bioactive compound, BST, oleandri

Klasifikasi Numerik-fenetik Salmonella Typhi Asal Jawa Tengah Dan Daerah Istimewa YOGYAKARTA Berdasarkan Hasil Karakterisasi Fenotipik

Demam tifoid adalah penyakit endemis yang disebabkan oleh strain bakteri S. typhi, bakteri tersebut dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan perbedaan mikromorfologi, morfologi koloni, penggunaan sumber karbon, produksi enzim, kemampuan mendegradasi makromolekul. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan klasifikasi numerik-fenetik 4 starin S. typhi asal Jawa Tengah dan 2 strain asal DIY dengan 2 strain acuan S. typhi NCTC 786 dan BLKS berdasarkan karakterisasi fenotipik dengan analisis hubungan similaritas yang didasarkan atas analisis Simple Mattching Coefficient (SSM) serta algoritme UPGMA (unweighted pair group methode with averages) yang kemudian dipresentasikan dalam bentuk dendogram. Hasilnya dapat dikelompokkan menjadi empat klaster, klaster pertama beranggotakan 3 strain berasal dari Jawa Tengah dan 1 strain acuan BLK Semarang (similaritas 100%). Klaster kedua beranggotakan satu strain acuan S. typhi NCTC 786 (similaritas 98,6%) dengan klaster pertama. Klaster ketiga beranggotakan 1 strain MDA dari Jawa Tengah (similaritas 96,8%) dengan klaster pertama dan kedua. Klaster keempat beranggotakan 2 strain S. typhi asal DIY yang memiliki (similaritas 96,4%) dengan ketiga klaster lainnya

Bancroftian Filariasis Transmission Parameters After the Fifth Year of Filiariasis Mass Drug Administration in Pekalongan City

This study aimed to measure parasitology parameters (microfilariae rate, microfilariae density), immunology parameter (antigen prevalence), and entomology parameters (infection rate and infective rate) after the fifth year of mass treatment at Pabean Village, Pekalongan City. This study was an observational study with cross-sectional approach that was conducted in July to August 2015 in Pabean Subdistrict, Pekalongan City. The microfilaria rate and microfilariae density were determined by finger blood survey of 313 respondents. Meanwhile, the antigen prevalence was determined by calculating the circulating antigen using the immunochromatographic test (ICT) Wuchereria bancrofti method. Finally, the infective rate and infection rate were both explicitly defined by detecting filarial worm larvae in the mosquitoes of man biting mosquitos collection. The results showed that the mf rate was 0.32% with average microfilariae density of 167/mL blood, the antigen prevalence of the calculation was 0%, the infection rate was 0.06% and the infective rate was 0%. In conclusion, after the fifth year of mass treatment in Pabean Area, Pekalongan City, the area is no longer included into the filariasis-endemic areas and the transmission parameters has no potential in causing the filariasis spreading

Comparison of Microscopic and PCR for Detection Giardia sp. in the Human Fecal Sample at Bedog Watershed, Sleman, DIY

Giardia sp. is a gastrointestinal protozoan that is common in mammals and causes giardiasis. Detection of parasitic infections in stool samples can use different methods such as identification of Giardia and trophozoite cysts using a light microscope (saline and iodine) and gene amplification gdh. The aim of this study was to compare the detection of direct microscopic Giardia and PCR in healthy people at risk for Giardiasisin the Bedog watershed, Sleman, DIY. The results of the examination using positive Giardia samples from microscopy were obtained at 4% (4/10). While the PCR results are 7% (7/100). The microscopic method and PCR did not have a significant difference in PCR so that certain microscopic conditions can still be recommended as a basic method in detecting Giardia cysts and trophozoites. The sensitivity and specificity of the direct microscope were 96.9%, and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of molecular analysis (PCR) were 97.14% and 100%, respectively. Although PCR detection is more specific than microscopic, in this case, the microscope method can still be used as an initial detection method. While the important advantages of PCR testing, its ability to directly distinguish between different Giardia genotypes, will help deal with cases of Giardiasis. The results of this study indicate that confirmation using the PCR technique can strengthen microscope detection

The Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lymphocyte and Cd4 in Chicken Vaccinated Against Avian Influenza Virus

This research aimed to find preventing alternative of avian influenza (AI) disease in broiler chickenby increasing body immune. Lymphocyte T would directly react to antigen presented to the cell surfaceby antigen presenting cell (APC). Th-CD4 interaction functioned to maintain Th-APC bond intactduring specific antigen activation. Fatty acid in virgin coconut oil (VCO) was potential asimmunostimulant, which therefore could increase chicken immunity through the increase of lymphocyteT and Th-CD4. This research used 40 one-day-old broiler chickens. The method applied was CompletelyRandomized Factorial Design in which the first factor was two levels of vaccine, namely groups of AIvaccinated and unvaccinated. The second factor was four levels of VCO namely 0, 5, 10, 15 mL/kg feed.Day Old Chick (DOC) were divided into eight treatment groups and repeated five times. Feed and waterwere given ad libitum for four weeks. The result showed that the number of lymphocyte and Th-CD4 inchickens given 10 mL per kg feed and vaccinated with AI was higher than that in chickens given VCOwithout AI vaccine