Ontong Java Plateau, Leg 130: Synopsis of major drilling results

Sixteen holes were drilled at five sites on the northeastern flank of Ontong Java Plateau during Leg 130 (Sites 803 through 807). All of these sites are near the equator, but are at different depths (803: 02°26.0\u27N, 3410 m; 804: 01°00.3\u27N, 3861 m; 805: 01°13.7\u27N, 3188 m; 806: 00°19.1\u27N, 2520 m; and 807: 03°36.4\u27N, 2805 m). One of our goals was to obtain a depth transect of Neogene carbonate deposition for reconstructing the history of ocean climate, chemistry, and productivity, and for understanding the origin of acoustic reflectors. Another goal was to achieve considerable penetration into basement for elucidating the origin of the plateau. All sites yielded multiple Neogene sequences, which were cored using the advanced hydraulic piston corer (APC) to the ooze-chalk transition (10-14 Ma) and with the extended core barrel (XCB) below that. Sites 803 and 807 were drilled to basement and yielded incomplete Paleogene and Cretaceous sections. Penetration into basement was 25 m at Site 803 and 149 m at Site 807; 98 m of basalt was recovered. In all, we cored 5889 m, taking 639 cores. Of the record 4822 m recovered, 55% was taken with the APC, 39% with the XCB, and 6% with the rotary core barrel (RCB). All sites except Site 804 were logged. Neogene sedimentation rates were found to vary by more than a factor of 2, with a striking maximum in the latest Miocene to early Pliocene and a strong minimum in the Pleistocene. Fluctuations in carbonate content on the millionyear scale are highly coherent among depths over the last 12 m.y., perhaps less so before that. Many acoustic reflectors appear synchronous with carbonate reduction events (CREs) and other paleoceanographic events. Other reflectors are tied to diagenesis (e.g., the ooze-chalk transformation, which is diachronous). Recovery of the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary at Sites 803 and 807 demonstrates the presence of a deep carbonate-compensation depth (CCD) across the transition: one sequence is calcareous, the other is not. Because the K/T sections occur below and above major hiatuses, we postulate that special conditions for preservation existed during the transition. In addition, there is evidence of volcanic activity at that time. The basalts cored at Sites 803 and 807 are predominantly olivine-bearing and were erupted during the mid-Cretaceous. At Site 807, pillow lavas buried sediments. One thick flow (at about 28 m) was penetrated here, apparently a flood basalt. Magnetic paleolatitudes suggest that the Ontong Java Plateau has moved coherently with the Pacific Plate since the Early Cretaceous

Enhanced clarity and holism: The outcome of implementing the ICF with an acute stroke multidisciplinary team in England

This article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Purpose: Although it is recommended that the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) should be implemented to aid communication within multidisciplinary stroke services, there is no empirical evidence to demonstrate the outcomes of such implementation. Working with one stroke service, this project aimed to address this gap and sought to evaluate the outcomes of implementing an ICF-based clinical tool into practice. Method: Using an action research framework with mixed methods, data were collected from individual interviews, a focus group, questionnaires, email communications, minutes from relevant meetings and field notes. Thematic analysis was undertaken, using immersion and crystallisation, to define overall themes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. Data from both sources were combined to create key findings. Results: Three findings were determined from the data analysis. The ICF (1) fosters communication within and beyond the multidisciplinary stroke team; (2) promotes holistic thinking; and (3) helps to clarify team roles. Conclusions: The ICF enhanced clarity of communication and team roles within the acute stroke multidisciplinary team as well as with other clinicians, patients and their relatives. In addition, the ICF challenged stroke clinicians to think holistically, thereby appropriately extending their domain of concern beyond their traditional remit. Implications for Rehabilitation: (1) The ICF is a globally accepted framework to describe functioning and is in use in a variety of clinical settings. Yet, the outcomes of using it in clinical practice have yet to be fully explored. (2) This study found that the ICF enhanced clarity of communication and team roles within an acute stroke multidisciplinary team and to others beyond the team, including clinicians, patients and their relatives. (3) Using the ICF also challenged clinicians to think holistically about patient needs following a stroke.The Elizabeth Casson Trus

Automatic detection of end QRS notching or slurring

The purpose of this study was to define criteria suited to automated detection of end QRS notching and slurring and to evaluate their accuracy. One hundred resting 12 lead ECGs from young adult men, split randomly into equal training and test sets, were examined independently by two reviewers for the presence of such notching or slurring. Consensus was reached by re-examination. Logic was added to the Glasgow resting ECG program to automate the detection of the phenomenon. After training, the automated detection had a sensitivity (SE) of 92.1% and a specificity (SP) of 96.6%. For the test set, SE was 90.5%, SP 96.5%. Two populations of healthy subjects – one Caucasian, one Nigerian – were analysed using the automated method. The prevalence of notching/slurring with peak/onset amplitude respectively ≥ 0.1 mV in two contiguous inferolateral leads was 23% and 29% respectively. In conclusion, the detection of end QRS notching or slurring can be automated with a high degree of accuracy

New Labour's communitarianisms

This article argues that communitarianism can be analysed on different levels — sociological, ethical and meta—ethical — and along different dimensions — conformist/pluralist, more conditional/less conditional, progressive/conservative, prescriptive/voluntary, moral/socioeconomic and individual/corporate. We argue that New Labour's communitarianism is a response to both neo-liberalism and old social democracy. It is sociological, ethical and universalist rather than particularist on the meta-ethical level. Labour increasingly favours conditional, morally prescriptive, conservative and individual communitarianisms. This is at the expense of less conditional and redistributional socioeconomic, progressive and corporate communitarianisms. It is torn between conformist and pluralist versions of communitarianism. This bias is part of a wider shift in Labour thinking from social democracy to a liberal conservatism which celebrates the dynamic market economy and is socially conservative

From dictatorship to a reluctant democracy: Stroke therapists talking about self-management

This article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Purpose: Self-management is being increasingly promoted within chronic conditions including stroke. Concerns have been raised regarding professional ownership of some programmes, yet little is known of the professional’s experience. This paper aims to present the views of trained therapists about the utility of a specific self-management approach in stroke rehabilitation. Method: Eleven stroke therapists trained in the self-management approach participated in semi-structured interviews. These were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Two overriding themes emerged. The first was the sense that in normal practice therapists act as ‘‘benign dictators’’, committed to help their patients, but most comfortable when they, the professional, are in control. Following the adoption of the self-management approach therapists challenged themselves to empower stroke survivors to take control of their own recovery. However, therapists had to confront many internal and external challenges in this transition of power resulting in the promotion of a somewhat ‘‘reluctant democracy’’. Conclusions: This study illustrates that stroke therapists desire a more participatory approach to rehabilitation. However, obstacles challenged the successful delivery of this goal. If self-management is an appropriate model to develop in post stroke pathways, then serious consideration must be given to how and if these obstacles can be overcome

From social contract to 'social contrick' : the depoliticisation of economic policy-making under Harold Wilson, 1974–75

The 1974-79 Labour Governments were elected on the basis of an agreement with the TUC promising a redistribution of income and wealth known as the Social Contract. However, the Government immediately began to marginalise these commitments in favour of preferences for incomes policy and public expenditure cuts, which has led the Social Contract to be described as the 'Social Contrick'. These changes were legitimised through a process of depoliticisation, and using an Open Marxist framework and evidence from the National Archives, the paper will show that the Treasury's exchange rate strategy and the need to secure external finance placed issues of confidence at the centre of political debate, allowing the Government to argue there was no alternative to the introduction of incomes policy and the reduction of public expenditure

‘The object is to change the heart and soul’: Financial incentives, planning and opposition to new housebuilding in England

© The Author(s) 2020. In 2014 the UK government announced plans to reduce opposition to housing development by making a direct payment to households in England. 1 This was part of a wider experiment with behavioural economics and financial inducements in planning policy. In this paper, we explore this proposal, named ‘Development Benefits’, arguing it offers important insights into how the governing rationality of neoliberalism attempts to govern both planning and opposition to development by replacing political debate with a depoliticised economic rationality. Drawing on householder and key player responses to the Development Benefits proposal we highlight significant levels of principled objection to the replacement of traditional forms of planning reason with financial logics. The paper therefore contributes to understandings of planning as a site of ongoing resistance to neoliberal rationalities. We conclude by questioning whether Development Benefits represent a particular strand of ‘late neoliberal’ governmentality, exploring the potential for an alternative planning rationality to contest the narrow marketisation of planning ideas and practices