The provenance of tills overlying the eastern part of the South Mountain Batholith, Nova Scotia

Happing of quarternary deposits on the South Mountain Batholitb (SMB) has resulted in a four-fold subdivision of tills, divided primarily on the basis of clast lithology, texture, stratigraphic position and morphology. Three tills have clast lithologies characterized by granites eroded from the South Mountain Batholih. The oldest granite till is a compact till of restricted distribution, mianly observed In drumlin cores. Two younger granite tills dominate the surficial deposits of portions of the SMB and have textural properties ascribed to melt-out tills. The fourth till represents a farther-travelled till with a variable clast provenance typified by pebbles derived from both the SMB and regions to the north. Clast dispersal evidence suggests that all tills were transported in a general southward direction. Detailed clast examinations allow reliable conclusions concerning direction of Ice flow and lithologic relationship between till and bedrock of the SMB. The SMB is an area of multiple glaciatlon where till prospecting cannot be successful unless the direction of till transport and source areas are established. RÉSUMÉ Dn levé cartographique des dépôts quaternaires recouvrant le Batholite de South Mountain à permis de mettre en évidence quatre varlétés de tills en fonctlon de la lithologie des clastes, la texture, la position stratlgraphlque et la morphologic Dana trola tills, les clastes nontrent des lithologles caractérisées par des granites arrachés au Batholite de South Mountain (BSM). Le plus vleux till de granite est un till tasse. de faible étendue, observe surtout dans les noyaux de drumlins. Dans certaines portions du BSM, les dépôts de surface sont dominés par deux tills de granite plus recents qui possedent des caractéristlques texturales rapportées aux tills d'ablation. Le quatriéme till a parcouru une plus grande distance; la source de ses clastes est variable et comprend typiquement des galets provenant tant du BSM que des régions plus au nord. La dispersion des blocaux suggère un direction générale de transport des tills vers le sud. Un exanen approfondi des clastes permet de tirer de solides conclusions à propos de la direction de l’écouleroent glacialre et de la relation lithologique entre le till et le socle du BSM. Le BSM a subi de multiples glaciatlons et la prospection du till n'y est done guère profitable à molns de déterminer la direction de transport et la source du till. [Traduit par le journal

Sub-picosecond compression by velocity bunching in a photo-injector

We present an experimental evidence of a bunch compression scheme that uses a traveling wave accelerating structure as a compressor. The bunch length issued from a laser-driven radio-frequency electron source was compressed by a factor >3 using an S-band traveling wave structure located immediately downstream from the electron source. Experimental data are found to be in good agreement with particle tracking simulations.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Spec. Topics A&

Millisecond accuracy video display using OpenGL under Linux

To measure people’s reaction times to the nearest millisecond, it is necessary to know exactly when a stimulus is displayed. This article describes how to display stimuli with millisecond accuracy on a normal CRT monitor, using a PC running Linux. A simple C program is presented to illustrate how this may be done within X Windows using the OpenGL rendering system. A test of this system is reported that demonstrates that stimuli may be consistently displayed with millisecond accuracy. An algorithm is presented that allows the exact time of stimulus presentation to be deduced, even if there are relatively large errors in measuring the display time

Effect of suspension systems on the physiological and psychological responses to sub-maximal biking on simulated smooth and bumpy tracks

The aim of this study was to compare the physiological and psychological responses of cyclists riding on a hard tail bicycle and on a full suspension bicycle. Twenty males participated in two series of tests. A test rig held the front axle of the bicycle steady while the rear wheel rotated against a heavy roller with bumps (or no bumps) on its surface. In the first series of tests, eight participants (age 19 – 27 years, body mass 65 – 82 kg) were tested on both the full suspension and hard tail bicycles with and without bumps fitted to the roller. The second series of test repeated the bump tests with a further six participants (age 22 – 31 years, body mass 74 – 94 kg) and also involved an investigation of familiarization effects with the final six participants (age 21 – 30 years, body mass 64 – 80 kg). Heart rate, oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and comfort were recorded during 10 min sub-maximal tests. Combined data for the bumps tests show that the full suspension bicycle was significantly different (P < 0.001) from the hard tail bicycle on all four measures. Oxygen consumption, heart rate and RPE were lower on average by 8.7 (s = 3.6) ml · kg<sup>-1</sup> · min<sup>-1</sup>, 32.1 (s = 12.1) beats · min<sup>-1</sup> and 2.6 (s = 2.0) units, respectively. Comfort scores were higher (better) on average by 1.9 (s = 0.8) units. For the no bumps tests, the only statistically significant difference (P = 0.008) was in VO<sub>2</sub>, which was lower for the hard tail bicycle by 2.2 (s = 1.7) ml · kg-1 · min<sup>-1</sup>. The results indicate that the full suspension bicycle provides a physiological and psychological advantage over the hard tail bicycle during simulated sub-maximal exercise on bumps

Broadband simulations for M_w 7.8 southern San Andreas earthquakes: Ground motion sensitivity to rupture speed

Using the high-performance computing resources of the Southern California Earthquake Center, we simulate broadband (0–10 Hz) ground motions for three M_w 7.8 rupture scenarios of the southern San Andreas fault. The scenarios incorporate a kinematic rupture description with the average rupture speed along the large slip portions of the fault set at 0.96, 0.89, and 0.84 times the local shear wave velocity. Consistent with previous simulations, a southern hypocenter efficiently channels energy into the Los Angeles region along the string of basins south of the San Gabriel Mountains. However, we find the basin ground motion levels are quite sensitive to the prescribed rupture speed, with peak ground velocities at some sites varying by over a factor of two for variations in average rupture speed of about 15%. These results have important implications for estimating seismic hazards in Southern California and emphasize the need for improved understanding of earthquake rupture processes

Preliminary Results of Circle and J-Style Hook Comparisons in the Brazilian Pelagic Longline Fishery

Preliminary studies in western North Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries indicate that a change in terminal gear from J-style hooks to circle hooks may reduce bycatch mortality. However, such studies have not examined the impact of this change in the equatorial fishery. Catch composition, catch rates, hooking location, and condition at haulback were monitored during 26 sets in the commercial longline fishery operating in the western equatorial South Atlantic where circle (size 18/0, non-offset) and J-style (size 9/0 and 10/0, 10° offset) hooks were deployed in an alternating fashion. Catch rates for yellowfin tuna, swordfish, and a composite “all fishes” category were significantly (P \u3c 0.05) higher for circle hooks. Bigeye tuna, swordfish, sailfish, and yellowfin tuna were hooked significantly more often externally than internally. Yellowfin tuna were over eight times more likely to be hooked in the mouth with circle hooks than with J-style hooks. Bigeye tuna and sailfish showed significantly higher rates of survival at haulback with circle hooks. The results suggest that the use of size 18/0 non-offset circle hooks in the equatorial pelagic longline fishery may increase the survival of bycatch species at haulback with minimal detrimental effects on the catches of target species

Ensemble Simulations and Experimental Free Energy Distributions: Evaluation and Characterization of Isoxazole Amides as SMYD3 Inhibitors

Optimization of binding affinities for ligands to their target protein is a primary objective in rational drug discovery. Herein, we report on a collaborative study that evaluates various compounds designed to bind to the SET and MYND domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3). SMYD3 is a histone methyltransferase and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation in cell proliferation, cell cycle, and human carcinogenesis. Experimental measurements using the scintillation proximity assay show that the distributions of binding free energies from a large number of independent measurements exhibit non-normal properties. We use ESMACS (enhanced sampling of molecular dynamics with approximation of continuum solvent) and TIES (thermodynamic integration with enhanced sampling) protocols to predict the binding free energies and to provide a detailed chemical insight into the nature of ligand-protein binding. Our results show that the 1-trajectory ESMACS protocol works well for the set of ligands studied here. Although one unexplained outlier exists, we obtain excellent statistical ranking across the set of compounds from the ESMACS protocol and good agreement between calculations and experiments for the relative binding free energies from the TIES protocol. ESMACS and TIES are again found to be powerful protocols for the accurate comparison of the binding free energies