780,449 research outputs found

    Nano-encapsulation of olive leaf phenolic compounds through WPC-pectin complexes and evaluating their release rate

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    In this study, W/O micro-emulsions as primary emulsions and a complex of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pectin in the external aqueous phase were used to produce W/O/W emulsions. Average droplet size of primary W/O emulsion and multiple emulsions stabilized by WPC or WPC-pectin after one day of production was 6.16, 675.7 and 1443 nm, respectively, which achieved to 22.97, 347.7 and, 1992.4 nm after 20 days storage without any sedimentation. The encapsulation efficiency of phenolic compounds for stabilized W/O/W emulsions with WPC and WPC-pectin were 93.34 and 96.64, respectively, which was decreased to 72.73 and 88.81 at 20th storage day. The lowest release of phenolics observed in multiple emulsions of WPC-pectin. These results suggest that nano-encapsulation of olive leaf extract within inner aqueous phase of W/O/W emulsions was successful, and there could be a high potential for the application of olive leaf extract in fortification of food products. © 2015 Elsevier B.V

    Fat crystals : a tool to inhibit molecular transport in W/O/W double emulsions

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    Water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions are a promising technology for encapsulation applications of water soluble compounds with respect to functional food systems. Yet molecular transport through the oil phase is a well-known problem for liquid oil-based double emulsions. The influence of network crystallization in the oil phase of W/O/W globules was evaluated by NMR and laser light scattering experiments on both a liquid oil-based double emulsion and a solid fat-based double emulsion. Water transport was assessed by low-resolution NMR diffusometry and by an osmotically induced swelling or shrinking experiment, whereas manganese ion permeation was followed by means of T-2-relaxometry. The solid fat-based W/O/W globules contained a crystal network with about 80% solid fat. This W/O/W emulsion showed a reduced molecular water exchange and a slower manganese ion influx in the considered time frame, whereas its globule size remained stable under the applied osmotic gradients. The reduced permeability of the oil phase is assumed to be caused by the increased tortuosity of the diffusive path imposed by the crystal network. This solid network also provided mechanical strength to the W/O/W globules to counteract the applied osmotic forces

    On-line partitioning of width w posets into w^O(log log w) chains

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    An on-line chain partitioning algorithm receives the elements of a poset one at a time, and when an element is received, irrevocably assigns it to one of the chains. In this paper, we present an on-line algorithm that partitions posets of width ww into wO(loglogw)w^{O(\log{\log{w}})} chains. This improves over previously best known algorithms using wO(logw)w^{O(\log{w})} chains by Bosek and Krawczyk and by Bosek, Kierstead, Krawczyk, Matecki, and Smith. Our algorithm runs in wO(w)nw^{O(\sqrt{w})}n time, where ww is the width and nn is the size of a presented poset.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

    Nickel base coating alloy

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    Zirconium is added to a Ni-30 Al (beta) intermetallic alloy in the range of 0.05 w/o to 0.25 w/o. This addition is made during melting or by using metal powders. The addition of zirconium improves the cyclic oxidation resistance of the alloys at temperatures above 1100 C

    Adjustable support spring

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    Restraining spring mechanism acting against a force has adjustable spring constant, and its performance is not affected by changes in ambient pressure. Natural frequency of device is varied by changing absolute pressures within bellows and may be tuned to prevent coupling while maintaining a given spring constant

    Tribological evaluation of composite materials made from a partially fluorinated polyimide

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    Preliminary tribological studies on a new polyimide formulated from the diamine 2,2-bis 4-(4-aminophenoxy) phenyl hexafluoropane (4-BDAF) indicates polyimides made from this diamine have excellent potential for high temperature applications. Two different polyimides were formulated from the diamine, and five different composites were formulated using one of the polyimides. Composites were made using 10 weight percent (w/o) graphite fluoride powder, 20 w/o PTFE powder, 30 w/o silver powder, or 50 w/o carbon fibers, both graphitic and nongraphitic types. The powder additions did not improve the tribological properties as much as the carbon fibers, and the graphitic fibers produced better results than did the nongraphitic fibers. Results also indicated that improved high temperature stability and tribological properties may be obtained with a polyimide made from the dianhydride pyromellitic acid (PMDA) rather than the dianhydride benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid (BTDA)

    Acoustic emission used as weld quality monitor

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    Acoustic emission technique is described for use as quality control tool in nondestructive inspection of welds. Stress mounts around weld defect until it exceeds yield strength of material. Pressure wave relieving the stress is emitted and followed by oscillations caused by multiple reflections. Acoustic emissions are then detected by sensor similar to ultrasonic sensor

    Method for the preparation of inorganic single crystal and polycrystalline electronic materials

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    Large area, semiconductor crystals selected from group 3-5 compounds and alloys are provided for semiconductor device fabrication by the use of a selective etching operation which completely removes the substrate on which the desired crystal was deposited. The substrate, selected from the same group as the single crystal, has a higher solution rate than the epitaxial single crystal which is essentially unaffected by the etching solution. The preparation of gallium phosphide single crystals using a gallium arsenide substrate and a concentrated nitric acid etching solution is described
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