Penerapan Disiplin sebagai Pemoderasi Hubungan antara Pemberian Kompensasi dan Penghargaan terhadap Kinerja

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the compensation and rewards to the employee of BKKBN in East Java Province performance both simultaneously and partially, and was to determine whether the application of discipline moderated the correlation between compensation and rewards distribution to employee's performance. The Method of sample selection used in this study was cluster sampling technique that took randomly from the population. The numbers of the samples of this study were 82 respondents. The type of data used was primary data collected through questionnaire. The regression analysis with variables moderating was used thoroughly in analyzing the data. To prove moderating variable to become mediation variable or not therefore residual test is used. The results of this study showed that giving compensation and awards simultaneously affected to employee's performance. Distributing compensation partially did not affect employee's performance while distributing awards partially affected the performance of the employees. Application of discipline was a moderating variable affecting the correlation between the compensation and rewards distribution to employee's performance. Keywords: the application of discipline, compensation, reward, performanc

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBASIS MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN SIKAP ILMIAH SISWA SMA

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah karena keterbatasan bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran bagi siswa dan guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik modul pembelajaran fisika berbasis masalah, (2) mengetahui kelayakan modul., (3) mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan modul terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis, sikap ilmiah, dan hasil belajar. Metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang digunakan Research and Development (R&D). Model penelitian dan pengembangan menggunakan model 4-D dengan langkah-langkah: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, dan (4) disseminate. Materi yang digunakan dalam modul adalah Fluida Statis yang diperuntukkan siswa SMA kelas XI. Modul yang dikembangkan divalidasi oleh ahli materi, ahli bahasa, ahli media, reviewer, dan peer review. Modul dikategorikan layak untuk implementasikan. Modul diujicobakan secara terbatas pada 10 siswa di SMA Insan Cendekia Al-Mujtaba dan diperoleh hasil bahwa modul termasuk dalam kategori “Baik” menurut siswa. Modul diujicoba dalam skala besar pada siswa kelas XI SMA Insan Cendekia Al-Mujtaba. Data yang diperoleh yaitu data penilaian kemampuan berpikir kritis, sikap ilmiah, dan hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Modul fisika yang dikembangkan menggunakan sintak model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan memunculkan karakteristik kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap ilmiah dalam setiap tahapannya, (2) Modul pembelajaran fisika berbasis masalah yang dikembangkan layak karena memenuhi kriteria nilai kelayakan yang dihitung dengan metode Cut Off Score yaitu sebesar 85,75%, (3) Modul pembelajaran fisika berbasis masalah efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap ilmiah serta ketercapaian ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa. Nilai N-Gain untuk kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sikap ilmiah berturut-turut sebesar 0,63 dan 0,50 yang termasuk kategori “Sedang.

The brain decade in debate: VII. Neurobiology of sleep and dreams

This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium held on February 5, 2001 by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) during which eight specialists involved in clinical and experimental research on sleep and dreaming exposed their personal experience and theoretical points of view concerning these highly polemic subjects. Unlike most other bodily functions, sleep and dreaming cannot, so far, be defined in terms of definitive functions that play an ascribable role in maintaining the organism as a whole. Such difficulties appear quite clearly all along the discussions. In this symposium, concepts on sleep function range from a protective behavior to an essential function for maturation of the nervous system. Kleitman's hypothesis [Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (1974), 159: 293-294] was discussed, according to which the basal state is not the wakeful state but sleep, from which we awake to eat, to protect ourselves, to procreate, etc. Dreams, on the other hand, were widely discussed, being considered either as an important step in consolidation of learning or simply the conscious identification of functional patterns derived from the configuration of released or revoked memorized information.Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Instituto de PsiquiatriaUniversity of Laval School of Medicine Department of PhysiologyRutgers State University Center for NeuroscienceUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Departamento de Fisiologia e BiofísicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Instituto do SonhoFacultad de Medicina de Montevideo Departamento de Fisiología NeurofisiologíaFlorida Atlantic University Center for Complex SystemsUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de NeurologiaUNIFESP, Instituto do SonhoSciEL

Investigation of altering single-nucleotide polymorphism density on the power to detect trait loci and frequency of false positive in nonparametric linkage analyses of qualitative traits

Genome-wide linkage analysis using microsatellite markers has been successful in the identification of numerous Mendelian and complex disease loci. The recent availability of high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) maps provides a potentially more powerful option. Using the simulated and Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) datasets from the Genetics Analysis Workshop 14 (GAW14), we examined how altering the density of SNP marker sets impacted the overall information content, the power to detect trait loci, and the number of false positive results. For the simulated data we used SNP maps with density of 0.3 cM, 1 cM, 2 cM, and 3 cM. For the COGA data we combined the marker sets from Illumina and Affymetrix to create a map with average density of 0.25 cM and then, using a sub-sample of these markers, created maps with density of 0.3 cM, 0.6 cM, 1 cM, 2 cM, and 3 cM. For each marker set, multipoint linkage analysis using MERLIN was performed for both dominant and recessive traits derived from marker loci. Our results showed that information content increased with increased map density. For the homogeneous, completely penetrant traits we created, there was only a modest difference in ability to detect trait loci. Additionally, as map density increased there was only a slight increase in the number of false positive results when there was linkage disequilibrium (LD) between markers. The presence of LD between markers may have led to an increased number of false positive regions but no clear relationship between regions of high LD and locations of false positive linkage signals was observed

Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome in primary care

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 3-10%. in European studies. However, the diagnosis of RLS in primary care remains low and mistreatment is common.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The current article reports on the considerations of RLS diagnosis and management that were made during a European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (EURLSSG)-sponsored task force consisting of experts and primary care practioners. The task force sought to develop a better understanding of barriers to diagnosis in primary care practice and overcome these barriers with diagnostic and treatment algorithms.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The barriers to diagnosis identified by the task force include the presentation of symptoms, the language used to describe them, the actual term "restless legs syndrome" and difficulties in the differential diagnosis of RLS.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The EURLSSG task force reached a consensus and agreed on the diagnostic and treatment algorithms published here.</p

Fatigue, reduced sleep quality and restless legs syndrome in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a web-based survey

To investigate the prevalence of fatigue, daytime sleepiness, reduced sleep quality, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a large cohort of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Participants of a web-based survey answered the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, and, if the diagnostic criteria of RLS were met, the International RLS Severity Scale. Diagnosis of RLS was affirmed in screen-positive patients by means of a standardized telephone interview. HRQoL was assessed by using the SF-36 questionnaire. Age- and sex-matched control subjects were recruited from waiting relatives of surgical outpatients. 227 adult self-reported CMT patients answered the above questionnaires, 42.9% were male, and 57.1% were female. Age ranged from 18 to 78 years. Compared to controls (n = 234), CMT patients reported significantly higher fatigue, a higher extent and prevalence of daytime sleepiness and worse sleep quality. Prevalence of RLS was 18.1% in CMT patients and 5.6% in controls (p = 0.001). RLS severity was correlated with worse sleep quality and reduced HRQoL. Women with CMT were affected more often and more severely by RLS than male patients. With regard to fatigue, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, RLS prevalence, RLS severity, and HRQoL, we did not find significant differences between genetically distinct subtypes of CMT. HRQoL is reduced in CMT patients which may be due to fatigue, sleep-related symptoms, and RLS in particular. Since causative treatment for CMT is not available, sleep-related symptoms should be recognized and treated in order to improve quality of life

Genetic Analysis Workshop 14: microsatellite and single-nucleotide polymorphism marker loci for genome-wide scans

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are