The Abundance, Migration and Management of Mule Deer in Dinosaur National Monument

Dinosaur National Monument, in northwestern Colorado and northeastern Utah, is comprised of 206,409 acres and contains several deer winter ranges. A need for deer studies developed because of winter deer mortality and deteriorating range conditions\u27on some parts of the Monument. Approximately 500 deer winter on the Yampa Bench and approximately 300 deer winter on the Island Park winter range. These are the two main winter ranges within the Monument. Deer on the Yampa Bench migrated an average of 7.3 air miles to the south and summered on the Blue Mountain Plateau during the summer of 1966. This Plateau is owned by the Bureau of Land Management and private individuals. Deer from the Island Park winter range migrated an average of 22.6 air miles to the northwest in 1967, onto the Diamond Mountain Plateau and the Ashley National Forest. Deer tagged on the Split Mountain winter range were found to travel to the south and west. These deer summered mainly upon private lands. Deer remain on Harpers Corner approximately 10 months of the year until deep snows force them to lower elevations on Yampa Bench in early February and from which they return in early April. Vegetation composition and density data gave evidence that the deer and sheep which use the west end of the Yampa Bench are competing for forage. Carrying capacity data suggest that sheep use of this area be reduced. Carrying capacity data for the Split Mountain range suggest that cattle use should be reduced. If grazing use was kept off this area until June, the grasses would have a better opportunity to put on good growth before utilization of them began. Other winter ranges within the Monument are well within their carrying capacity limits. Thus, a safeguard exists on most winter ranges against deer winter mortality. The physical condition of deer on the Monument\u27s winter ranges was very good during the winters of 1966 and 1967. Consequently, deer winter mortality was found to be slight on the Monument\u27s ranges during these two winters. A few does remain on winter range areas within the Monument to summer. They generally \u27use the river islands and the relatively inaccessible canyon slopes as fawning grounds. Nearly all of the deer that winter within the Monument migrate to higher elevations off the Monument to summer. This makes them subject to reduction by hunting. Deer hunting pressure on the hunting units adjoining the Monument has in recent years been sufficient to keep deer numbers within their respective winter range carrying capacities

Time-dependent gravity in southern California, May 1974 - Apr 1979

Gravity measurements were coordinated with the long baseline three dimensional geodetic measurements of the Astronomical Radio Interferometric Earth Surveying project which used radio interferometry with extra-galactic radio sources. Gravity data from 28 of the stations had a single reading standard deviation of 11 microgal which gives a relative single determination between stations a standard deviation of 16 microgal. The largest gravity variation observed, 80 microgal, correlated with nearby waterwell variations and with smoothed rainfall. Smoothed rainfall data appeared to be a good indicator of the qualitative response of gravity to changing groundwater levels at other suprasediment stations, but frequent measurement of gravity at a station was essential until the quantitative calibration of the station's response to groundwater variations was accomplished

Experimental characterization of frequency dependent squeezed light

We report on the demonstration of broadband squeezed laser beams that show a frequency dependent orientation of the squeezing ellipse. Carrier frequency as well as quadrature angle were stably locked to a reference laser beam at 1064nm. This frequency dependent squeezing was characterized in terms of noise power spectra and contour plots of Wigner functions. The later were measured by quantum state tomography. Our tomograph allowed a stable lock to a local oscillator beam for arbitrary quadrature angles with one degree precision. Frequency dependent orientations of the squeezing ellipse are necessary for squeezed states of light to provide a broadband sensitivity improvement in third generation gravitational wave interferometers. We consider the application of our system to long baseline interferometers such as a future squeezed light upgraded GEO600 detector.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

The Performance and Calibration of the CRAFT Fly's Eye Fast Radio Burst Survey

Since January 2017, the Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transients survey (CRAFT) has been utilising commissioning antennas of the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) to survey for fast radio bursts (FRBs) in fly's eye mode. This is the first extensive astronomical survey using phased array feeds (PAFs), and a total of 20 FRBs have been reported. Here we present a calculation of the sensitivity and total exposure of this survey, using the pulsars B1641-45 (J1644-4559) and B0833-45 (J0835-4510, i.e.\ Vela) as calibrators. The design of the survey allows us to benchmark effects due to PAF beamshape, antenna-dependent system noise, radio-frequency interference, and fluctuations during commissioning on timescales from one hour to a year. Observation time, solid-angle, and search efficiency are calculated as a function of FRB fluence threshold. Using this metric, effective survey exposures and sensitivities are calculated as a function of the source counts distribution. The implied FRB rate is significantly lower than the $37$\,sky$^{-1}$\,day$^{-1}$ calculated using nominal exposures and sensitivities for this same sample by \citet{craft_nature}. At the Euclidean power-law index of $-1.5$, the rate is $10.7_{-1.8}^{+2.7}\,{\rm (sys)} \, \pm \, 3\,{\rm (stat)}$\,sky$^{-1}$\,day$^{-1}$ above a threshold of $57\pm6\,{\rm (sys)}$\,Jy\,ms, while for the best-fit index for this sample of $-2.1$, it is $16.6_{-1.5}^{+1.9} \,{\rm (sys)}\, \pm 4.7\,{\rm (stat)}$\,sky$^{-1}$\,day$^{-1}$ above a threshold of $41.6\pm1.5\,{\rm (sys)}$\,Jy\,ms. This strongly suggests that these calculations be performed for other FRB-hunting experiments, allowing meaningful comparisons to be made between them.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in PAS

Fluctuations of prolonged grief disorder reactions in the daily life of bereaved people:An experience sampling study

IntroductionLoss-adaptation has been described as being characterized by ‘waves of grief’, whichmay result in a Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). Although this assumption about thefluctuating nature of grief is supported by theoretical work, it is not (yet) supported byempirical work. We are the first to explore to what extent PGD reactions fluctuate ineveryday life and whether fluctuations in PGD reactions are related to overall PGDlevels using experience sampling methodology (ESM).MethodsData from 38 bereaved individuals (74% women, on average 6 years post-loss, 47%lost a parent) were analyzed. For two weeks, five times per day, participants reportedon the severity of 11 PGD reactions in the past three hours (ESM-PGD). At baseline,overall PGD severity (B-PGD) in the past two weeks was assessed with telephone interviews using the Traumatic Grief Inventory–Clinician Administered. Root MeanSquare of Successive Differences (RMSSD) were calculated to reflect fluctuations inESM-PGD. Spearman correlations between RMSSD values of the 11 ESM-PGDreactions and B-PGD scores were computed.ResultsMean B-PGD scores were below the clinical cut-off. Some fluctuations in ESM-PGDreactions were found, as indicated by varying RMSSD values, but also floor effectswere detected. B-PGD levels were related to RMSSD values for ESM-PGD (ρ between.37 and .68, all p < .05; and between .36 and .63 after removal of floor effects).DiscussionWe found that (some) ESM-PGD reactions fluctuated in everyday life. This may offernew theoretical insights into loss-adaptation, which may result in optimizing PGDtreatment

Threshold concentration for H blistering in defect free W

Lattice distortion induced by high concentration of H is believed to be precursor of H blistering in single crystalline W (SCW) during H isotope irradiation. However, the critical H concentration needed to trigger bond-breaking of metal atoms presents a challenge to measure. Using density functional theory, we have calculated the formation energy of a vacancy and a self-interstitial atom (SIA) in supersaturated defect-free SCW with various H concentrations. When the ratio of H:W exceeds 1:2, the formation of both vacancies and self-interstitials becomes exothermic, meaning that spontaneous formation of micro-voids which can accommodate molecular H2 will occur. Molecular H2 is not allowed to form, and it is not needed either at the very initial stage of H blistering in SCW. With supersaturated H, the free volume at the vacancy or SIA is greatly smeared out with severe lattice distortion and more H can be trapped than in the dilute H case.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure