Partial-reflection studies of D-region winter variability

D-region electron densities were measured from December, 1972, to July, 1973, at Urbana, Illinois (latitude 40.2N) using the partial-reflection technique. During the winter, electron densities at altitudes of 72, 76.5, and 81 km show cyclical changes with a period of about 5 days that are highly correlated between these altitudes, suggesting that the mechanism responsible for the winter anomaly in D-region ionization applies throughout this height region. From January 13 to February 3, a pronounced wave-like variation occurred in the partial-reflection measurements, apparently associated with a major stratospheric warming that developed in that period. During the same time period, a traveling periodic variation is observed in the 10-mb height; it is highly correlated with the partial-reflection measurements. Electron density enhancements occur approximately at the same time as increases in the 10-mb height. Comparison of AL and A3 absorption measurements with electron density measurements below 82 km indicates that the winter anomaly in D-region ionization is divided into two types. Type 1, above about 82 km, extends horizontally for about 200 km while type 2, below about 82 km, extends for a horizontal scale of at least 1000 km

Tuning gastropod locomotion: Modeling the influence of mucus rheology on the cost of crawling

Common gastropods such as snails crawl on a solid substrate by propagating muscular waves of shear stress on a viscoelastic mucus. Producing the mucus accounts for the largest component in the gastropod's energy budget, more than twenty times the amount of mechanical work used in crawling. Using a simple mechanical model, we show that the shear-thinning properties of the mucus favor a decrease in the amount of mucus necessary for crawling, thereby decreasing the overall energetic cost of locomotion.Comment: Corrected typo

Summer pool food habits of flathead catfish in Norris Reservoir, Tennessee

Of the 172 flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris collected from Norris Reservoir, Tennessee, from 1 June through 31 October 1996, 106 (61%) contained food items in the stomach. Examination of stomach contents showed that fish were the most important food item by frequency of occurrence; 56 of the 106 stomachs examined contained fish. Crayfish were the second most important food item by number with 54 of the 106 stomachs containing crayfish. For flatheads greater than 44 cm in total length, fish were the only food item consumed. For the flathead smaller than 44 cm in length, crayfish were the most important food item consumed. Centrarchids were the most frequent fishes consumed (N=39, 36.7%) followed by clupeids (N=13, 12.3%). Of the centrarchids, all were bluegill {Lepomis macrochirus) with the exception of 6 fish, 2 of which were smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and 4 were largemouth bass M. salmoides. The clupeids were threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense and gizzard shad D. cepedianum. Ictalurids were also found in the stomachs and were represented by a single species, the flathead catfish; only 4 were found in adult flathead stomachs. Aquatic insect larvae including mayflies, stoneflies, and a dragonfly were also consumed but in insignificant amounts

A Self-Identity Crisis of a Young Adolescence Represented in Short Story Entitled "Belong to The Past"

The study is entitled “A Self-Identity Crisis of Young Adolescence Represented in a Short Story Entitled Belong to The Past.” The study aims to portray the struggle of young adolescence experience a self-identity crisis. As young-adolescence face developmental challenges, they also in the process to find identity and role in the society. Often, they who unable to solve the problem, then, might caught in crisis and experience such behavioral problems. The story which entitled Belong to The Past shows how the main character, Annas, struggle with his appearance and his record in the past. Annas face challenges to socialize with people then end up in jail again. In this case, the research uses theories that explain social pressure and how identity crisis emerge such as psychosocial development. This study attempts to make awareness that people at any age can experience identity crisis as well as behavioral proble

Enhanced aging properties of HKUST-1 in hydrophobic mixed-matrix membranes for ammonia adsorption.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in their free powder form have exhibited superior capacities for many gases when compared to other materials, due to their tailorable functionality and high surface areas. Specifically, the MOF HKUST-1 binds small Lewis bases, such as ammonia, with its coordinatively unsaturated copper sites. We describe here the use of HKUST-1 in mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) prepared from polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) for the removal of ammonia gas. These MMMs exhibit ammonia capacities similar to their hypothetical capacities based on the weight percent of HKUST-1 in each MMM. HKUST-1 in its powder form is unstable toward humid conditions; however, upon exposure to humid environments for prolonged periods of time, the HKUST-1 MMMs exhibit outstanding structural stability, and maintain their ammonia capacity. Overall, this study has achieved all of the critical and combined elements for real-world applications of MOFs: high MOF loadings, fully accessible MOF surfaces, enhanced MOF stabilization, recyclability, mechanical stability, and processability. This study is a critical step in advancing MOFs to a stable, usable, and enabling technology

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kunjungan Antenatal Care pada Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Kampung dalam Tahun 2017

Kehamilan beresiko tinggi merupakan kehamilan yang membahayakan, baik bagi sang ibu ataupun bagi janin yang dikandungnya. Sedangkan bahaya yang dapat timbul akibat ibu hamil dengan resiko tinggi yaitu, bayi lahir belum cukup bulan, bayi berat lahir rendah, persalinan tidak maju atau macet, perdarahan sebelum dan pasca persalinan, janin mati dalam kandungan, ibu hamil atau bersalin meninggal dunia, keracunan kehamilan atau kejang-kejang, dan keguguran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang resiko tinggi kehamilan dengan sikap dalam pemeriksaan antenatal care (ANC) di Puskesmas Sungai Raya Dalam tahun 2017. Desain menggunakan deskritip korelasi dengan cross sectional terhadap 34 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan di Puskesmas Sungai Raya Dalam. Hasil penelitian sebagian besar dari responden 24 orang (70%) berpengetahuan baik, sebagian besar dari responden 27 orang (79%) memiliki sikap yang mendukung. Hasil perhitungan X2 hitung sebesar 8,27 sedangkan angka pada tabel chi square kuadrat tahap signifikasi 5% = 2 adalah 5,991. Dengan demikian berarti 8,27 > 5,991 maka perhitungan Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima berarti ada hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang resiko tinggi kehamilan dengan sikap dalam pemerksaan antenatal care di puskesmas sungai raya dalam tahun 2017. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang resiko tinggi kehamilan dengan sikap dalam pemerksaan antenatal care di puskesmas sungai raya dalam tahun 2017. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan terutama pemberian pendidikan kesehatan tentang resiko tinggi kehamilan melalui konseling dan penyuluhan kesehatan

A conjecture on the relationship of bacterial shape to motility in rod-shaped bacteria

We have calculated the optimal shape, i.e. the length-to-width ratio of a bacterial cell, that allows a bacterial cell to move most efficiently through liquid. For a cell of a given size, a minimum exists in the force required to move through any liquid when the length of the cell is approx. 3.7 times greater than the width. As this is in approximate agreement with the observed shape of bacteria such as the Enterobacteriaceae, we conjecture that the current observed shape of these bacteria may have been determined, in part, to obtain the most efficient shape for moving through liquids. It is also found that spherical cells are very inefficient in movement through liquid, while longer cells of a fixed size are still relatively efficient in moving through liquids. Since the optimal shape is independent of actual size (within large bounds), it is further proposed that hydrodynamic efficiency considerations support the proposal of constant shape over a range of sizes for rod-shaped bacteria.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73818/1/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10293.x.pd

A characterization of parallel systems

technical reporta taxonomy for parallel processing systems is presented which has some advantages over previous taxonomies. The taxonomy characterizes parallel processing systems using four parameters: topology, communication, granularity, and operation. These parameters and used repetitively in a hierarchical fashion to produce a taxonomic structure which is extensible to the level of detail desired. Topology describes the structure of the priniciple interconnections. Communication describes the flow of data and programs through the system. Granularity describes the size of the largest repeated element, or grain. Operation describes the important functional properties of each grain, especially the ratio of storage to logic circuitry. Granularity and topology are structural parameters, while operation and communication are functional parameters which describe the behavior of the system components. A final section of this paper includes examples of the application of the taxonomy to several parallel processing systems