Prospects for studying the solar CNO cycle by means of a lithium neutrino detector

Lithium detectors have a high sensitivity to CNO neutrinos from the Sun. The present experimental data and prospects for future experiments on the detection of CNO neutrinos are discussed. A nonstationary case is considered when the flux of 13N neutrinos is higher than the standard solar model predicts due to the influx of fresh material from the peripheral layers to the solar core.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, a thoroughly revised version, reported at International Symposium "Physics of Massive Neutrinos" at MILOS (Greece) 19-23 May 200

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella strains isolated from pigs in Spain

This study deals with the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella strains isolated from healthy or diseased pigs in Spain. Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequent serotype (46/139) being the phagetype DTI04b the commonest among them. Strains belonging to the serotype 4,5,12:i:- (also called monophasic strains) were often isolated (23/139). A great proportion of them (13/23) were characterised as phagetype U302. Other frequent serotypes were Anatum (17/139), Tilburg (13/139) and Virchow (7/139). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that most strains were resistant to tetracycline (T) 82%, sulphonamides (Su) 81%, ampicillin (A) 74%, chloramphenicol (C) 58% and trimethoprim (Tm) 53%. Regarding the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for enrofloxacin, 4/139 strains were resistant( 4Jlg/ml) while 37 showed decreased susceptibility (~0.5J.1glml). The most common pattern of antibiotic resistance was ACSuTTm, found predominantly in serotype Typhimurium and in monophasic strains

Optimum structure for a uniform load over multiple spans

This paper presents a new half-plane Michell structure that transmits a uniformly distributed load of infinite horizontal extent to a series of equally-spaced pinned supports. Full kinematic description of the structure is obtained for the case when the maximum allowable tensile stress is greater than or equal to the allowable compressive stress. Although formal proof of optimality of the solution presented is not yet available, the proposed analytical solution is supported by substantial numerical evidence, involving the solution of problems with in excess of 10 billion potential members. Furthermore, numerical solutions for various combinations of unequal allowable stresses suggest the existence of a family of related, simple, and practically relevant structures, which range in form from a Hemp-type arch with vertical hangers to a structure which strongly resembles a cable-stayed bridge

Evidence for recombinant GRP78, CALR, PDIA3 and GPI as mediators of genetic instability in human CD34+ cells

Soluble factors released from irradiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may induce genetic instability in human CD34+ cells, potentially mediating hematologic disorders. Recently, we identified four key proteins in the secretome of X-ray-irradiated MSC, among them three endoplasmic reticulum proteins, the 78 kDa glucose-related protein (GRP78), calreticulin (CALR), and protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3), as well as the glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI). Here, we demonstrate that exposition of CD34+ cells to recombinant GRP78, CALR, PDIA3 and GPI induces substantial genetic instability. Increased numbers of γH2AX foci (p < 0.0001), centrosome anomalies (p = 0.1000) and aberrant metaphases (p = 0.0022) were detected in CD34+ cells upon incubation with these factors. Specifically, γH2AX foci were found to be induced 4–5-fold in response to any individual of the four factors, and centrosome anomalies by 3–4 fold compared to control medium, which contained none of the recombinant proteins. Aberrant metaphases, not seen in the context of control medium, were detected to a similar extent than centrosome anomalies across the four factors. Notably, the strongest effects were observed when all four factors were collectively provided. In summary, our data suggest that specific components of the secretome from irradiated MSC act as mediators of genetic instability in CD34+ cells, thereby possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of radiation-induced hematologic disorders beyond direct radiation-evoked DNA strand breaks

Helioseismic studies of differential rotation in the solar envelope by the solar oscillations investigation using the michelson doppler imager

The splitting of the frequencies of the global resonant acoustic modes of the Sun by large-scale flows and rotation permits study of the variation of angular velocity &#937; with both radius and latitude within the turbulent convection zone and the deeper radiative interior. The nearly uninterrupted Doppler imaging observations, provided by the Solar Oscillations Investigation (SOI) using the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft positioned at the L1 Lagrangian point in continuous sunlight, yield oscillation power spectra with very high signal-to-noise ratios that allow frequency splittings to be determined with exceptional accuracy. This paper reports on joint helioseismic analyses of solar rotation in the convection zone and in the outer part of the radiative core. Inversions have been obtained for a medium-l mode set (involving modes of angular degree l extending to about 250) obtained from the first 144 day interval of SOI-MDI observations in 1996. Drawing inferences about the solar internal rotation from the splitting data is a subtle process. By applying more than one inversion technique to the data, we get some indication of what are the more robust and less robust features of our inversion solutions. Here we have used seven different inversion methods. To test the reliability and sensitivity of these methods, we have performed a set of controlled experiments utilizing artificial data. This gives us some confidence in the inferences we can draw from the real solar data. The inversions of SOI-MDI data have confirmed that the decrease of &#937; with latitude seen at the surface extends with little radial variation through much of the convection zone, at the base of which is an adjustment layer, called the tachocline, leading to nearly uniform rotation deeper in the radiative interior. A prominent rotational shearing layer in which &#937; increases just below the surface is discernible at low to mid latitudes. Using the new data, we have also been able to study the solar rotation closer to the poles than has been achieved in previous investigations. The data have revealed that the angular velocity is distinctly lower at high latitudes than the values previously extrapolated from measurements at lower latitudes based on surface Doppler observations and helioseismology. Furthermore, we have found some evidence near latitudes of 75&#176; of a submerged polar jet which is rotating more rapidly than its immediate surroundings. Superposed on the relatively smooth latitudinal variation in &#937; are alternating zonal bands of slightly faster and slower rotation, each extending some 10&#176; to 15&#176; in latitude. These relatively weak banded flows have been followed by inversion to a depth of about 5% of the solar radius and appear to coincide with the evolving pattern of "torsional oscillations" reported from earlier surface Doppler studies

An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences

Analysis of the genetic diversity and mRNA expression level in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccinated pigs that developed short or long viremias after challenge

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) infection alters the host's cellular and humoral immune response. Immunity against PRRSv is multigenic and vary between individuals. The aim of the present study was to compare several genes that encode for molecules involved in the immune response between two groups of vaccinated pigs that experienced short or long viremic periods after PRRSv challenge. These analyses include the sequencing of four SLA Class I, two Class II allele groups, and CD163, plus the analysis by quantitative realtime qRT-PCR of the constitutive expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 mRNA and other molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42, 400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences. © 2021, The Author(s)