Pengaruh Penerapan Work Preparation Job Sheet (Wpjs) Untuk Pembelajaran Praktik Pada Kompetensi Dasar Melaksanakan Teknik Pengerjaan Logam

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar praktik melaksanakan teknik pengerjaan logam pada siswa kelas X tanpa menggunakan metode pembelajaran WPJS dan yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran WPJS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan Posttest-Only Control Design. Populasi penelitian yaitu siswa kelas X Jurusan Teknik Pemesinan di SMK Tujuh Lima 1 Purwokerto sebanyak 210 siswa, sedangkan sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas X M2 sebanyak 38 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X M5 sebanyak 38 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Hasil belajar praktik pengerjaan logam tanpa menggunakan metode pembelajaran WPJS dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 73,87 termasuk dalam kategori baik, sedangkan menggunakan metode pembelajaran WPJS dengan rata-rata nilai sebesar 81,42 termasuk dalam kategori baik. Hal tersebut menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan rata-rata hasil belajar praktik melaksanakan teknik pengerjaan logam antara menggunakan WPJS dan tanpa menggunakan WPJS dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 4,938 > nilai ttabel sebesar 1,67

Detecting severe acute malnutrition in children under five at scale : the challenges of anthropometry to reach the missed millions

Objective: Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) interventions aim to detect and treat children at highest risk of death who benefit most from treatment. SAM services reach less than 20% of affected children worldwide, and innovative policy changes are needed to scale up services. This paper discusses anthropometry to diagnose SAM as one pathway to improve the effectiveness coverage of SAM services. Results: WHO defines SAM by either MUAC <115 mm or WHZ <−3 or the presence of nutritional oedema. Both MUAC and WHZ are proxy indicators of a clinical condition, and neither is a gold standard. Because they measure different characteristics of the same illness, MUAC and WHZ identify different SAM populations that overlap differently in different contexts across and within countries. MUAC is a better predictor of mortality and has the practical advantages of simplicity, reliability and accuracy. Using both indicators independently identifies more children and loses sensitivity to risk of death. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on current evidence and operational and policy considerations, using MUAC only for diagnosing SAM with a countryadapted cut-off could feasibly scale up SAM services and improve coverage to reach the millions of missed children. Meanwhile, continued research on the biomedical consequences and policy implications of this approach, as well as innovations such as system dynamics modeling, may contribute to the evidence

Solution of the Dirac equation in the rotating Bertotti-Robinson spacetime

The Dirac equation is solved in the rotating Bertotti-Robinson spacetime. The set of equations representing the Dirac equation in the Newman-Penrose formalism is decoupled into an axial and angular part. The axial equation, which is independent of mass, is solved exactly in terms of hypergeometric functions. The angular equation is considered both for massless (neutrino) and massive spin-(1/2) particles. For the neutrinos, it is shown that the angular equation admits an exact solution in terms of the confluent Heun equation. In the existence of mass, the angular equation does not allow an analytical solution, however, it is expressible as a set of first order differential equations apt for numerical study.Comment: 17 pages, no figure. Appeared in JMP (May, 2008

Wave propagation over a beach within a nonlinear theory

Wave propagation over a beach is considered within a nonlinear theory in shallow water. Lagrangian coordinates are used to describe the problem. The solution is expanded in double series involving a small parameter and local oscillations. Two cases are treated: The beach with appreciable inclination on the horizontal (cliff) and the beach of small inclination. We show that finite solutions are obtained, in contrast to the linear theory which involves a logarithmic singularity at the shoreline. For the cliff, it is shown that local oscillations do not appear in the first two orders of approximation, and the incident wave is totally reflected without loss of energy at this order of approximation. The case of an incident wave on the beach is considered. The deformation of this wave is investigated and explicit formulae are obtained for the reflected wave and for the local oscillations, to shed light on the energy transfer due to interaction with the beach

The microwave spectrum and structure of allyl alcohol

The microwave spectrum of the normal species of the gauche, gauche isomer of allyl alcohol has been reassigned and rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined. Rotational constants of nine deuterated species three carbon-13 species and the oxygen-18 species have also been obtained. These data were used to estimate structural parameters by least-squares fitting of the effective moments of inertia. Good agreement with an earlier electron diffraction and ab initio study was obtained. Unassigned transitions from another isomer were observed, presumably the cis, gauche conformer.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26503/1/0000039.pd

The solvation and dissociation of 4-benzylaniline hydrochloride in chlorobenzene

A reaction scheme is proposed to account for the liberation of 4-benzylaniline from 4-benzylaniline hydrochloride, using chlorobenzene as a solvent at a temperature of 373 K. Two operational regimes are explored: “closed” reaction conditions correspond to the retention of evolved hydrogen chloride gas within the reaction medium, whereas an “open” system permits gaseous hydrogen chloride to be released from the reaction medium. The solution phase chemistry is analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Complete liberation of solvated 4-benzylaniline from solid 4-benzylaniline hydrochloride is possible under “open” conditions, with the entropically favored conversion of solvated hydrogen chloride to the gaseous phase thought to be the thermodynamic driver that effectively controls a series of interconnecting equilibria. A kinetic model is proposed to account for the observations of the open system

Chromosomal aberrations in benign and malignant Bilharzia-associated bladder lesions analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization

BACKGROUND: Bilharzia-associated bladder cancer (BAC) is a major health problem in countries where urinary schistosomiasis is endemic. Characterization of the genetic alterations in this cancer might enhance our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease but, in contrast to nonbilharzia bladder cancer, BAC has rarely been the object of such scrutiny. In the present study, we aimed to characterize chromosomal imbalances in benign and malignant post-bilharzial lesions, and to determine whether their unique etiology yields a distinct cytogenetic profile as compared to chemically induced bladder tumors. METHODS: DNAs from 20 archival paraffin-embedded post-bilharzial bladder lesions (6 benign and 14 malignant) obtained from Sudanese patients (12 males and 8 females) with a history of urinary bilharziasis were investigated for chromosomal imbalances using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Subsequent FISH analysis with pericentromeric probes was performed on paraffin sections of the same cases to confirm the CGH results. RESULTS: Seven of the 20 lesions (6 carcinomas and one granuloma) showed chromosomal imbalances varying from 1 to 6 changes. The most common chromosomal imbalances detected were losses of 1p21-31, 8p21-pter, and 9p and gain of 19p material, seen in three cases each, including the benign lesion. CONCLUSION: Most of the detected imbalances have been repeatedly reported in non-bilharzial bladder carcinomas, suggesting that the cytogenetic profiles of chemical- and bilharzia-induced carcinomas are largely similar. However, loss of 9p seems to be more ubiquitous in BAC than in bladder cancer in industrialized countries

Effect of treatment of clinical seizures vs electrographic seizures in full-term and near-term neonates : a randomized clinical trial

Importance: Seizures in the neonatal period are associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Bedside amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) has facilitated the detection of electrographic seizures; however, whether these seizures should be treated remains uncertain. Objective: To determine if the active management of electrographic and clinical seizures in encephalopathic term or near-term neonates improves survival free of severe disability at 2 years of age compared with only treating clinically detected seizures. Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in tertiary newborn intensive care units recruited from 2012 to 2016 and followed up until 2 years of age. Participants included neonates with encephalopathy at 35 weeks’ gestation or more and younger than 48 hours old. Data analysis was completed in April 2021. Interventions: Randomization was to an electrographic seizure group (ESG) in which seizures detected on aEEG were treated in addition to clinical seizures or a clinical seizure group (CSG) in which only seizures detected clinically were treated. Main Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcome was death or severe disability at 2 years, defined as scores in any developmental domain more than 2 SD below the Australian mean assessed with Bayley Scales of Neonate and Toddler Development, 3rd ed (BSID-III), or the presence of cerebral palsy, blindness, or deafness. Secondary outcomes included magnetic resonance imaging brain injury score at 5 to 14 days, time to full suck feeds, and individual domain scores on BSID-III at 2 years. Results: Of 212 randomized neonates, the mean (SD) gestational age was 39.2 (1.7) weeks and 122 (58%) were male; 152 (72%) had moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and 147 (84%) had electrographic seizures. A total of 86 neonates were included in the ESG group and 86 were included in the CSG group. Ten of 86 (9%) neonates in the ESG and 4 of 86 (4%) in the CSG died before the 2-year assessment. The odds of the primary outcome were not significantly different in the ESG group compared with the CSG group (ESG, 38 of 86 [44%] vs CSG, 27 of 86 [31%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 0.96 to 3.49; P = .14). There was also no significant difference in those with HIE (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 0.84 to 3.73; P = .26). There was evidence that cognitive outcomes were worse in the ESG (mean [SD] scores, ESG: 97.4 [17.7] vs CSG: 103.8 [17.3]; mean difference, −6.5 [95% CI, −1.2 to −11.8]; P = .01). There was little evidence of a difference in secondary outcomes, including time to suck feeds, seizure burden, or brain injury score. Conclusions and Relevance: Treating electrographic and clinical seizures with currently used anticonvulsants did not significantly reduce the rate of death or disability at 2 years in a heterogeneous group of neonates with seizures