History of life suport

Rzońca Patryk, Chrzanowska-Wąsik Maja, Goniewicz Mariusz, Bednarz Kamil, Nowicki Grzegorz. History of life suport. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(3):300-308. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.321710 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4279 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.02.2017. Revised 23.02.2017. Accepted: 23.02.2017. Historia zabiegów resuscytacyjnych History of life support Patryk Rzońca¹, Maja Chrzanowska-Wąsik¹, Mariusz Goniewicz¹, Kamil Bednarz¹, Grzegorz Nowicki² 1 Zakład Ratownictwa Medycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin 2 Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej i Pielęgniarstwa Środowiskowego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Department of Family Medicine and Community Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin Słowa kluczowe: resuscytacja krążeniowo-oddechowa, historia, automatyczny defibrylator zewnętrzny, zatrzymanie krążenia Key words: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, history, Automated External Defibrillator, cardiac arrest Streszczenie Od zarania dziejów człowiek nie godził się z nieuchronnością śmierci, jednak religijne dogmaty i tradycja podważały możliwość przeciwstawiania się jej. Zasady prowadzenia resuscytacji krążeniowo-oddechowej ulegały znaczącej ewolucji od pierwszych prób ożywiania do aktualnie obowiązujących standardów postępowania. Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia przegląd literatury dotyczącej historii rozwoju czynności resuscytacyjnych. Abstract Since the beginning of time the human being could not accept the inevitability of death, yet religious dogma and tradition undermined the possibility to fight it. Instructions for how resuscitation should be practiced has significantly changed over decades. The given paper presents the review of the literature concerning the history of the development of life support

Cases of acute coronary syndrome – analysis of interventions of Emergency Medical Services Teams

Rzońca Patryk, Chrzanowska-Wąsik Maja, Goniewicz Mariusz, Bednarz Kamil, Góra Karol. Cases of acute coronary syndrome – analysis of interventions of Emergency Medical Services Teams. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(4):585-595. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.556771 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4415 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.04.2017. Revised: 18.03.2017. Accepted: 23.04.2017. Ostre zespoły wieńcowe – analiza wyjazdów zespołów ratownictwa medycznego Cases of acute coronary syndrome – analysis of interventions of Emergency Medical Services Teams Patryk Rzońca¹, Maja Chrzanowska-Wąsik1, Mariusz Goniewicz¹, Kamil Bednarz¹, Karol Góra2 1 Zakład Ratownictwa Medycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin 2 Student Ratownictwa Medycznego, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Medical Rescue student, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin Słowa kluczowe: ostry zespół wieńcowy, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe, dusznica bolesna, zawał mięśnia sercowego, zespół ratownictwa medycznego Key words: acute coronary syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, angina pectoris, heart attack, emergency medical services team Streszczenie Od lat najczęstszą przyczyną zgonów osób dorosłych są choroby układu krążenia. Mimo, że statystycznie na przestrzeni lat ich ilość maleje, problemem społecznym i zdrowotnym jest epidemia otyłości i cukrzycy, które wpływają na przyspieszony rozwój choroby niedokrwiennej serca i jej powikłań, którymi są dusznica bolesna oraz zawał serca. Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza przypadków ostrych zespołów wieńcowych, do których zadysponowano zespoły ratownictwa medycznego. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie dokumentacji medycznej Wojewódzkiego Pogotowia Ratunkowego w Lublinie, z okresu jednego roku (01.01.2014 – 31.12.2014). Badania potwierdziły, iż mieszkający w mieście mężczyźni stanowią najbardziej narażoną grupę na wystąpienie ostrych zespołów wieńcowych. Wśród kobiet objawy występuą w późniejszym wieku. Abstract Diseases of the circulatory system in adults has been the most common cause of death for a long time. Despite the fact that statistically the number of people affected by those diseases is decreasing over the years, the epidemic of obesity and diabetes has a great impact on accelerated developing of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications, such as angina pectoris and heart attack. The aim of this paper is to analyse the cases of acute coronary syndrome, which Emergency Medical Services Teams were dispatched to. The study was conducted using medical records collected within the period of one year (01.01.2014 – 31.12.2014) by the Regional Ambulance Service in Lublin. The study confirmed that men living in cites are at the highest risk of developing acute coronary syndrome. Among women the symptoms occur at an older age

Burn analysis in adult patients hospitalized in the East Centre of Burn Treatment and Reconstructive Surgery in Łęczna

Introduction: Burns are one of the most serious body injuries, which are most frequently sustained by children and older people. In Poland the morality of burn victims is decreasing due to the development of specialized burn treatment centres. Despite huge financial resources and human capital invested in the organization of burn treatment system, the hospitalization time is still long due to the specificity of injuries and their treatment. Material and methods: Records of the adult patients being burn victims hospitalized in the East Centre of Burn Treatment and Reconstructive Surgery in Łęczna were analysed. The analysed data were collected within the period of two years (01.01.2013 - 31.12.2014). Results: Over 70% out of 538 people admitted to the East Centre of Burn Treatment and Reconstructive Surgery in Łęczna were victims of the third-degree burns, among them (over 70%) were men. The average hospitalization time was 21 days and it was longer the higher was the degree of the burns. The depth of burns and body surface area affected by the burns also caused longer hospitalization time. Conclusions: Burn victims are most frequently adult men. Parts of the upper body are most frequently affected by burns. The basic factors determining the survival of the patients are supporting bodily functions after the injury and fast implementation of specialized treatment plan

METODA POMIARU I REDUKCJI ZABURZEŃ ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNYCH INDUKOWANYCH PRZEZ PRZEPIĘCIA ŁĄCZENIOWE W OBWODACH nN

This paper presents a fast, reliable and portable method for measuring electromagnetic disturbances in LV circuits (overcurrent circuit breakers). The experiment was carried out under conditions reflecting the real measurement environment. The method was verified and confirmed by a series of measurements with passive components reducing the disturbance. The results of the measurements made it possible to obtain suitable EMI reduction solutions, which can be used to protect commutators or end consumers. The results obtained make it possible to apply the method to measurements of multichannel circuit breakers, in which measuring the turn-on time of individual channels is important for the correct operation of the devices.W artykule przedstawiono szybką, niezawodną i przenośną metodę pomiaru zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych w obwodach nN (wyłączniki nadprądowe). Eksperyment przeprowadzono w warunkach odzwierciedlających rzeczywiste środowisko pomiarowe. Metoda została zweryfikowana i potwierdzona serią pomiarów z elementami pasywnymi redukującymi zaburzenia. Wyniki pomiarów pozwoliły na uzyskanie odpowiednich rozwiązań redukcji zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych. Dobrane komponenty mogą być wykorzystane do ochrony komutatorów lub odbiorników końcowych. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na zastosowanie metody do pomiarów wyłączników wielobiegunowych, w których pomiar czasu załączenia poszczególnych biegunów jest istotny dla poprawnej pracy urządzeń

Facile fabrication of multifunctional ZnO urchins on surfaces

Functional ZnO nanostructured surfaces are important in a wide range of applications. Here we report the simple fabrication of ZnO surface structures at near room temperature with morphology resembling that of sea urchins, with densely packed, μm-long, tapered nanoneedles radiating from the urchin center. The ZnO urchin structures were successfully formed on several different substrates with high surface density and coverage, including silicon (Si), glass, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and copper (Cu) sheets, as well as Si seeded with ZnO nanocrystals. Time-resolved SEM revealed growth kinetics of the ZnO nanostructures on Si, capturing the emergence of “infant” urchins at the early growth stage and subsequent progressive increases in the urchin nanoneedle length and density, whilst the spiky nanoneedle morphology was retained throughout the growth. ε-Zn(OH)2 orthorhombic crystals were also observed alongside the urchins. The crystal structures of the nanostructures at different growth times were confirmed by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. On seeded Si substrates, a two-stage growth mechanism was identified, with a primary growth step of vertically aligned ZnO nanoneedle arrays preceding the secondary growth of the urchins atop the nanoneedle array. The antibacterial, anti-reflective, and wetting functionality of the ZnO urchins—with spiky nanoneedles and at high surface density—on Si substrates was demonstrated. First, bacteria colonization was found to be suppressed on the surface after 24 h incubation in gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) culture, in contrast to control substrates (bare Si and Si sputtered with a 20 nm ZnO thin film). Secondly, the ZnO urchin surface, exhibiting superhydrophilic property with a water contact angle ~ 0°, could be rendered superhydrophobic with a simple silanization step, characterized by an apparent water contact angle θ of 159° ± 1.4° and contact angle hysteresis ∆θ < 7°. The dynamic superhydrophobicity of the surface was demonstrated by the bouncing-off of a falling 10 μL water droplet, with a contact time of 15.3 milliseconds (ms), captured using a high-speed camera. Thirdly, it was shown that the presence of dense spiky ZnO nanoneedles and urchins on the seeded Si substrate exhibited a reflectance R < 1% over the wavelength range λ = 200–800 nm. The ZnO urchins with a unique morphology fabricated via a simple route at room temperature, and readily implementable on different substrates, may be further exploited for multifunctional surfaces and product formulations

Hierarchical Surface Patterns upon Evaporation of a ZnO Nanofluid Droplet: Effect of Particle Morphology

Surface structures with tailored morphologies can be readily delivered by the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. It has been recently demonstrated that ZnO nanorods could undergo rapid chemical and morphological transformation into 3D complex structures of Zn­(OH)₂ nanofibers as a droplet of ZnO nanofluid dries on the substrate via a mechanism very different from that observed in the coffee ring effect. Here, we have investigated how the crystallinity and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles would affect the ultimate pattern formation. Three ZnO particles differing in size and shape were used, and their crystal structures were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their dispersions were prepared by sonication in a mixture of isobutylamine and cyclohexane. Residual surface patterns were created by drop casting a droplet of the nanofluid on a silicon substrate. The residual surface patterns were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microfocus grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (μGIXRD). Nanofluid droplets of the in-house synthesized ZnO nanoparticles resulted in residual surface patterns consisting of Zn­(OH)₂ nanofibers. However, when commercially acquired ZnO powders composed of crystals with various shapes and sizes were used as the starting material, Zn­(OH)₂ fibers were found covered by ZnO crystal residues that did not fully undergo the dissolution and recrystallization process during evaporation. The difference in the solubility of ZnO nanoparticles was linked to the difference in their crystallinity, as assessed using the Scherrer equation analysis of their XRD Bragg peaks. Our results show that the morphology of the ultimate residual pattern from evaporation of ZnO nanofluids can be controlled by varying the crystallinity of the starting ZnO nanoparticles which affects the nanoparticle dissolution process during evaporation

Potential Antioxidant Activity of Calcium and Selected Oxidative Stress Markers in Lead- and Cadmium-Exposed Workers

Occupational lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) exposure occurs during processing and casting of nonferrous metals such as zinc. In contrast to Pb and Cd, Ca is essential for living organisms due to its important role in a multitude of functions, from cell signaling to bone growth. Pb and Cd exposure affects calcium metabolism in various ways. The aim of this study was to investigate the blood levels of Pb, Cd, and Ca and the levels of selected oxidative stress biomarkers in workers exposed to Pb and Cd. Population groups included 264 male employees in a lead-zinc smelter. The study population was divided into two subgroups based on the median of Ca serum level (2.42 mmol/l): the low-Ca-level group (L-Ca group) and the high-Ca-level group (H-Ca group). Ca level was significantly higher in the H-Ca group than in the L-Ca group due to the study design (by 26%). The level of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) was significantly higher in the L-Ca group than in the H-Ca group by 13%, while the blood lead levels (PbB) were similar in the examined groups. The level of cadmium (CdB) was significantly higher in the L-Ca group than in the H-Ca group by 33%. From oxidative stress markers in serum, only the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ceruloplasmin (CER) were significantly higher in the L-Ca group than in the H-Ca group, by 12% and 4%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed negative correlations between Ca level and the levels of PbB, ZPP, CdB, and MDA. The presented results indicate that Ca level modulates the serum concentration of Cd and has an impact on Pb-induced impairment of heme synthesis. The higher Ca levels may lead to a decrease in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products. Moreover, serum calcium level seems to be able to modify the level of acute-phase proteins. Obtained results suggest that higher Ca level may be useful in reducing Cd level in occupationally exposed workers

High-density stable glasses formed on soft substrates

Source data underlying Figures 1-