40 research outputs found
Influence of amyloglucosidase in bread crust properties
Enzymes are used in baking as a useful tool for
improving the processing behavior or properties of baked
products. A number of enzymes have been proposed for
improving specific volume, imparting softness, or extend the
shelf life of breads, but scarce studies have been focused on
bread crust. The aim of this study was to determine the use of
amyloglucosidase for modulating the properties of the bread
crust and increase its crispness. Increasing levels of enzyme
were applied onto the surface of two different partially bake
breads (thin and thick crust bread). Amyloglucosidase treatment
affected significantly (P<0.05) the color of the crust and
decreased the moisture content and water activity of the crusts.
Mechanical properties were modified by amyloglucosidase,
namely increasing levels of enzyme promoted a decrease in
the force (Fm) required for crust rupture and an increase in the
number of fracture events (Nwr) related to crispy products.
Crust microstructure analysis confirmed that enzymatic treatment
caused changes in the bread crust structure, leading to a
disruption of the structure, by removing the starchy layer that
covered the granules and increasing the number of voids,
which agree with the texture fragility.Authors acknowledge the financial support of Spanish Ministry of Economy and Sustainability (Project AGL2011-23802), the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo 2012/064) and the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC). R. Altamirano-Fortoul would like to thank her grant to CSIC. The authors also thank Forns Valencians S. A. (Spain) for supplying commercial frozen partially baked breads.Altamirano Fortoul, RDC.; Hernando Hernando, MI.; Molina Rosell, MC. (2014). Influence of amyloglucosidase in bread crust properties. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 7(4):1037-1046. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-013-1084-xS1037104674Altamirano-Fortoul R, Hernando I & Rosell CM (2013) Texture of bread crust: puncturing settings effect and its relationship to microstructure. Journal of Texture Studies. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2012.00368.x .Altamirano-Fortoul, R., Le Bail, A., Chevallier, S., & Rosell, C. M. (2012). Effect of the amount of steam during baking on bread crust features and water diffusion. Journal of Food Engineering, 108, 128–134.Altamirano-Fortoul R & Rosell CM (2010) Alternatives for extending crispiness of crusty breads. In Proceedings of International Conference on Food Innovation, FoodInnova, 25–29 October 2010, Valencia, Spain. ISBN978-84-693-5011-.9.Arimi, J. M., Duggan, E., O’sullivan, M., Lyng, J. G., & O’riordan, E. D. (2010). Effect of water activity on the crispiness of a biscuit (crackerbread): mechanical and acoustic evaluation. Food Research International, 43, 1650–1655.Castro-Prada, E. M., Primo-Martin, C., Meinders, M. B. J., Hamer, R. J., & Van Vliet, T. (2009). Relationship between water activity, deformation speed, and crispness characterization. Journal of Texture Studies, 40, 127–156.Esveld, D. C., Van Der Sman, R. G. M., Van Dalen, G., Van Duynhoven, J. P. M., & Meinders, M. B. J. (2012). Effect of morphology on water sorption in cellular solid foods. Part I: Pore Scale Network Model. Journal of Food Engineering, 109, 301–310.Goedeken, D. L., & Tong, C. H. (1993). Permeability measurements of porous food materials. Journal of Food Science, 58, 1329–1331.Gondek, E., Lewicki, P. P., & Ranachowski, Z. (2006). Influence of water activity on the acoustic properties of breakfast cereals. Journal of Texture Studies, 37, 497–515.Guerrieri, N., Eynard, L., Lavelli, V., & Cerletti, P. (1997). Interactions of protein and starch studied through amyloglucosidase action. Cereal Chemistry, 74, 846–850.ICC. (1994). Standard methods of the International Association for Cereal Science and Technology. Vienna: Austria.Heenan, S. P., Dufour, J. P., Hamid, N., Harvey, W., & Delahunty, C. M. (2008). The sensory quality of fresh bread: descriptive attributes and consumer perceptions. Food Research International, 41, 989–997.Heiniö, R. L., Nordlund, E., Poutanen, K., & Buchert, J. (2012). Use of enzymes to elucidate the factors contributing to bitterness in rye flavor. Food Research International, 45, 31–38.Hug-Iten, S., Escher, F., & Conde-Petit, B. (2003). Staling of bread: role of amylose and amylopectin and influence of starch-degrading enzymes. Cereal Chemistry., 80(6), 654–661.Jakubczyk, E., Marzec, A., & Lewicki, P. P. (2008). Relationship between water activity of crisp bread and its mechanical properties and structure. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 58(1), 45–51.Luyten, A., Pluter, J. J., & Van Vliet, T. (2004). Crispy/crunchy crusts of cellular solid foods: a literature review with discussion. Journal of Texture Studies, 35, 445–492.Potter, N. N., & Hotchkiss, J. H. (1998). Food dehydration and concentration. In N. N. Potter & J. H. Hotchkiss (Eds.), Food Science (5th ed.). New York: Aspen Publishers.Primo-Martin, C., Van de Pijpekamp, A., Van Vliet, T., Jongh, H. H. J., Plijter, J. J., & Hamer, R. J. (2006). The role of the gluten network in the crispness of bread crust. Journal of Cereal Science, 43, 342–352.Primo-Martin, C., Sozer, N., Hamer, R. J., & Van Vliet, T. (2009). Effect of water activity on fracture and acoustic characteristics of a crust model. Journal of Food Engineering, 90, 277–284.Roudaut, G., Dacremont, C., & Le Meste, M. (1998). Influence of water on the crispness of cereal-based foods: acoustic, mechanical, and sensory studies. Journal of Texture Studies, 29, 199–213.Roudaut, G., Dacremont, C., Pamies, B. V., Colas, B., & Le Meste, M. (2002). Crispness: a critical review on sensory and material science approaches. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 13, 217–227.Rojas JA (2000) Uso combinado de hidrocoloides y alfa-amilasa como mejorantes en panificación. Dissertation PhD Thesis. Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaRosell, C. M. (2007). Vitamin and mineral fortification of bread. In B. Hamaker (Ed.), Technology of functional cereal products. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd.Rosell, C. M. (2011). The science of doughs and bread quality. In V. R. Preedy, R. R. Watson, & V. B. Patel (Eds.), Flour and breads and their fortification in health and disease prevention (pp. 3–14). London: Academic.Rosell CM, Altamirano-Fortoul R & Hernando I (2011) Mechanical properties of bread crust by puncture test and the effect of sprayed enzymes. In: Proceedings of 6th International Congress Flour. Bread’11, 8th Croatian Congress of Cereal Technologist, 12–14 October 2011, Opatija, Croatia. ISSN 1848–2562.Sahlström, S., & Brathen, E. (1997). Effects of enzyme preparations for baking, mixing time and resting time on bread quality and bread staling. Food Chemistry, 58, 75–80.Sharma K & Singh J (2010) Enzymes in baking industry. Panesar, P.S.; Marwaha, S.S and Chopra, H.K. (Eds), Enzymes in food processing, fundamentals and potential applications, IK International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, India.Stokes, D. J., & Donald, A. M. (2000). In situ mechanical testing of dry and hydrated breadcrumb in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). Journal of Materials Science, 35, 599–607.Tsukakoshi, Y., Naito, S., & Ishida, N. (2008). Fracture intermittency during a puncture test of cereal snacks and its relation to porous structure. Food Research International, 41, 909–917.Van Benschop CHM, Terdu AG & Hille JDR (2012) Baking enzyme composition as SSL replacer. Patent No.US2012164272.Van Eijk JH (1991) Retarding the firming of bread crumb during storage. Patent No. US5023094.Van Hecke, E., Allaf, K., & Bouvier, J. M. (1998). Texture and structure of crispy-puffed food products—part II: mechanical properties in puncture. Journal of Texture Studies, 29, 617–632.Vanin, F. M., Lucas, T., & Trystram, G. (2009). Crust formation and its role during bread baking. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 20, 333–343.Van Nieuwenhuijzen, N. H., Primo-Martin, C., Meinders, M. B. J., Tromp, R. H., Hamer, R. J., & Van Vliet, T. (2008). Water content or water activity: what rules crispy behavior in bread crust? Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 6432–6438.Van Oort, M. (2010). Enzymes in bread making. In R. J. Whitehurst & M. Van Oort (Eds.), Enzymes in food technology (2nd ed.). Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.Vidal, F.D., Guerrety, A.B. (1979) Antistaling agent for bakery products. Patent No. US54160848.Wählby, U., & Skjoldebrand, C. (2002). Reheating characteristic of crust formed on buns, and crust formation. Journal of Food Engineering, 53, 177–184.Würsch, P., & Gumy, D. (1994). Inhibition of amylopectin retrogradation by partial beta-amylosis. Carbohydrate Research, 256, 129–137.Xiong, X., Narsimhan, G., & Okos, M. R. (1991). Effect of composition and pore structure on binding energy and effective diffusivity of moisture in porous foods. Journal of Food Engineering, 15, 187–208
Экспериментальное изучение влияния глюкозамина гидрохлорида на развитие патоспермии стареющих крыс, вызванной доксорубицином
ГЛЮКОЗАМИНА ГИДРОХЛОРИДДОКСОРУБИЦИНПАТОСПЕРМИЯСТАРЕНИЕФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯЛЕКАРСТВ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕРЕПРОДУКЦИЮ КОНТРОЛИРУЮЩИЕ СРЕДСТВАЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЫ НА ЖИВОТНЫХКРЫСЫЦель работы - исследование влияния глюкозамина гидрохлорида на развитие гипофункции семенников крыс, вызванной длительным введением доксорубицина на фоне старения животных
Population Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in HIV-1-Uninfected Members of Serodiscordant Couples and Effect of Dose Reporting Methods
A systematic review of population pharmacokinetic analyses of digoxin in the paediatric population
A guide for reporting the results of population pharmacokinetic analyses: A Swedish perspective
Population pharmacokinetic analyses are frequently part of regulatory submissions and are mainly used to provide information on special populations (effects of age, renal impairment, etc) and drug-drug interactions. A varying standard of population analysis reports has been received at the Medical Products Agency in Sweden, some very good and some unassessable. In the latter case, it may be that it is a report of an inadequate analysis or may be a report of a perfectly acceptable analysis, but too little detail has been provided in the report for the conclusions reached to be properly assessed. A sufficient level of detail must be present in these reports in order for them to be assessable and to allow the conclusions reached to be incorporated into the summary of product characteristics. The report should specify the goal(s) of the analysis, describe in detail the origin and nature of the data, clearly describe the model-building process, include a range of goodness of fit (GOF) plots to support decisions made during the model-building process, and demonstrate that the final model is a good description of the data. The use of color in GOF plots is encouraged so that key features are easily visible. Covariate effects in the final model should be clearly presented and their clinical relevance discussed. In the case of many covariates in the final model, it may be useful to perform some simulations to illustrate the effect of various covariate combinations for a series of different “typical” subjects