Analisa Kelayakan Finansial USAha Pengolahan Nira Lontar Menjadi Produk Nata

Nira lontar memiliki peluang untuk dikembangkan menjadi produk nata karena secara fisik nira lontar tidak jauh berbeda dengan air kelapa dan nira aren. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial pengolahan nira lontar menjadi produk nata pinnata sebagai salah satu upaya peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat sekitar hutan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan USAha ini yaitu,Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), dan Break Even Point (BEP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa USAha pengolahan nira lontar menjadi produk nata sebagai suatu USAha skala rumah tangga belum layak untuk dikembangkan dimana nilai BCR selama satu tahun produksi sebesar 0,417 (BCR < 1). Agar USAha ini dapat layak dikembangkan perlu dilakukan USAha untuk meningkatkan rendemen produksi nata menjadi 90%

Analisa Kelayakan Finansial USAha Industri Rumah Tangga Dalam Pembuatan Produk Nata Lontar

Nira lontar memiliki peluang untuk diolah menjadi produk nata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial USAha industri rumah tangga dalam pembuatan produk nata tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, kelayakan USAha pembuatan produk nata dinilai berdasarkan dua ukuran yaitu, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), dan Break Even Point (BEP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa USAha pembuatan produk nata memiliki BCR sebesar 0,417. Hal ini menyarankan bahwa pembuatan produk nata belum layak dikembangkan sebagai suatu USAha industri rumah tangga bila rendemennya rendah. Pembuatan nata lontar layak dikembangkan sebagai USAha industri rumah tangga bila rendemennya dapat ditingkatkan diatas 85%

Superconductivity in Layerd Cuprate

A series of layered cuprate (Rut_xNb)Sr2GdCups (Ru1212) for 0 :5 x :5 1 has been synthesized by the solid state reaction method. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that oxygen flow is important in the formation of the Ru1212 phase and superconductivity in the system. Samples with nominal composition (Rul_ x b)Sr2GdCu20 S can be indexed as a tetragonal structure with space group P4/mmm. The undoped compound exhibits the highest superconducting transition with Tc onsel of 65 K and Tc zero of 55 K. Our results also show that doping with b decreases the normal state conductivity and suppresses superconductivity in the system

Konflik pada Kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Upaya Penyelesaiannya

Perubahan fungsi sebagian kawasan hutan di Kabupaten Maros menjadi kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung (TN Babul) membawa dampak tersendiri bagi aktivitas masyarakat sekitar kawasan yang dapat memicu terjadinya konflik antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konflik yang terjadi dalam pengelolaan TN Babul serta upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam menyelesaikan konflik tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik yang terjadi antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat sekitar dalam pengelolaan TN Babul terkait dengan tata batas kawasan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam hutan (SDAH) yang terdapat di dalamnya. Konflik tersebut disebabkan oleh perbedaan persepsi dan pemberian informasi yang kurang benar dan lengkap terkait tata batas kawasan hutan dan pemanfaatan SDAH, belum efektifnya kegiatan sosialisasi kebijakan taman nasional, serta rendahnya tingkat pendapatan masyarakat sekitar kawasan TN Babul. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengatasi dan mencegah terjadinya konflik yang lebih luas adalah dengan melakukan komunikasi dan dialog dengan masyarakat, melakukan sosialisasi kebijakan Taman Nasional dan mendetailkan kegiatan-kegiatan pada setiap zona TN Babul dengan tetap memperhatikan kondisi dan aspirasi yang berkembang dalam masyarakat

Studies on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Hatcheries and Chicken

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗThe aim of this work was to spot light on the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains in hatcheries and dead in shell embryos. A total of 406 samples representing 200 and 206 swabs from hatcheries environment and yolk sacs of dead in shell embryos were collected from Damietta governorate, Egypt. P. aeruginosa was isolated and identified. Some virulent genes (toxA, psIA and fliC) of P. aeruginosa were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa was tested in vitro. Day and 11 days old broiler chicks were challenged with P. aeruginosa to determine the pathogenicity of the isolated strains. The results showed that P. aeruginosa was recovered from 16 (8%) out of 200 hatcheries and from 17 (8.25%) out of 206 chicken embryos samples. Isolated strains of P. aeruginosa showed presence of toxA, psIA and fliC virulent genes. P. aeruginosa strains were sensitive (100%) to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamycin but resistant (100%) to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, doxycycline and erythromycin. The pathogenicity test of day and 11 days old chicks revealed that P. aeruginosa was highly pathogenic induced mortality rates of 72 and 40%, respectively. Septicaemia of internal organs, unabsorbed yolk sacs, pneumonia, greenish exudates in the abdominal cavity, liver necrosis and enteritis were the predominant lesions. Histopathological changes supported the previous lesions. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa is of great importance pathogen of embryos and newly hatched chicks based on presence of virulent genes as well as in vivo pathogenicity study; respectively

On the Production of π+π+\pi^+\pi^+ Pairs in pp Collisions at 0.8 GeV

Data accumulated recently for the exclusive measurement of the $pp\to pp\pi^+\pi^-$ reaction at a beam energy of 0.793 GeV using the COSY-TOF spectrometer have been analyzed with respect to possible events from the $pp \to nn\pi^+\pi^+$ reaction channel. The latter is expected to be the only $\pi\pi$ production channel, which contains no major contributions from resonance excitation close to threshold and hence should be a good testing ground for chiral dynamics in the $\pi\pi$ production process. No single event has been found, which meets all conditions for being a candidate for the $pp \to nn \pi^+\pi^+$ reaction. This gives an upper limit for the cross section of 0.16 $\mu$b (90% C.L.), which is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the cross sections of the other two-pion production channels at the same incident energy

On the SigmaN cusp in the pp -> pK+Lambda reaction

Measurements of the $pp \to pK^+\Lambda$ reaction at $T_p$ = 2.28 GeV have been carried out at COSY-TOF. In addition to the $\Lambda p$ FSI and $N^*$ resonance excitation effects a pronounced narrow structure is observed in the Dalitz plot and in its projection on the $p\Lambda$-invariant mass. The structure appears at the $pp \to$N$K^+\Sigma$ threshold and is interpreted as $\Sigma$N cusp effect. The observed width of 20 MeV/$c^2$ is substantially broader than anticipated from previous inclusive measurements. Angular distributions of this cusp structure are shown to be dissimilar to those in the residual $pK^+\Lambda$ channel, but similar to those observed in the $pK^+\Sigma^0$ channel

Effect of Surface Hardness on Joint Contact Forces during Barefoot Running: A Pilot Study

This paper presents an experimental pilot study on the effect of different surface hardness to the joint contact force during barefoot running. Peak joint contact forces during the stance phase of a male subject that running barefoot on three types of surface with different hardness level (concrete, artificial grass and rubber) were investigated experimentally. Differences in peak joint contact force at the ankle, medial tibiofemoral, lateral tibiofemoral, hip and patellofemoral due to surface effects were analysed using Freebody (Version2.1) software. The result showed that the pattern of peak joint contact force was similar for ankle with medial tibiofemoral and hip with lateral patellofemoral. The joint contact force was varied in the varying of the surface hardness. The correlation between various surface hardness and joint contact force was found at the ankle and medial tibiofemoral joint. However, the findings of this pilot study provide the insight into the method and approach selected for the experiment be suitable for an actual experiment for more subjects

Electrochemical Deposited Nickel Nanowires: Influence of Deposition Bath Temperature on the Morphology and Physical Properties

This paper investigates the influence of the electrolytic bath temperature on the morphology and physical properties of nickel (Ni) nanowires electrochemically deposited into the anodic alumina oxide porous membrane (AAO). The synthesis was performed using nickel sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O) and boric acid (H3BO3) as an electrolytic bath for the electrochemical deposition of Ni nanowires. During the experiment, the electrolyte bath temperature varied from 40°C, 80°C, and 120°C. After the electrochemical deposition process, AAO templates cleaned with distilled water preceding to dissolution in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to obtain free-standing Ni nanowires. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to characterize the morphology and physical properties of the synthesized Ni nanowires. Finding reveals the electrodeposition bath temperature significantly influences the morphology and physical properties of the synthesized Ni nanowires. Rougher surface texture, larger crystal size, and longer Ni nanowires obtained as the deposition bath temperature increased