ANTINEPHROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF PERSEA AMERICANA (AVOCADO) AND VIBURNUM OPULUS (GUELDER ROSE) AGAINST ETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED NEPHROLITHIASIS IN RATS

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a severe health problem causing morbidity. Chemolisis, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), retrograde ureterorenoscopy (URS), and open and laparoscopic surgery are used for treatment with various success rates. Medical treatments with fewer complications were investigated thoroughly. Materials and Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effects of Persea americana (avocado) leaves and Viburnum opulus (guelder rose) fruits on nephrolithiasis in an animal model and used 42 rats. The groups received both low and high doses of Persea americana leaves and Viburnum opulus fruit ethanol extracts orally for 28 days. These two plants have been used for years in Turkey for their nephrolithiatic effect. Results: Avocado and guelder rose increased the urine volume and urine citrate levels, decreased urine cystine and oxalate levels, and lowered the crystal deposits in kidney tissue. Avocado and guelder rose also prevented oxidant damage and crystal formation in kidney tissue samples. Conclusion: The two plants that have been used for years for nephrolithiasis treatment in Turkey can safely be used for kidney stones

Antracyclin toxicity in a child with primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the chest wall with and brain metastasis

Chemotherapy regimens, including doxorubicin used in primitive neuroectodermal tumor′s (PNET) treatment can cause life-threatening disorders in cardiac functions. Follow-up of cardiac functions in the clinical course is very important during treatment with ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (SF). However, sometimes the detection of cardiac failure with EF and SF cannot be possible. In this condition, we may need new evaluation test. Herein, we wanted to present a child with PNET of the chest wall suffered from antracycline toxicity and indicate that close monitoring of cardiac function could be important

Renal Tubular Functions in Children with Primary Nocturnal Enuresis

Introduction: The etiology of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is multifactorial. The effects of genetic and hormonal factors, sleep disorders, and bladder dysfunction have been claimed. The other factors include increased urine production at night and impairment of the circadian rhythm of antidiuretic hormone. Aim: To investigate renal tubular functions in children with PNE. Methods: Forty patients with PNE were included in the study. Urine density, FENa, FEK and TRP were analyzed in daytime and nighttime urine. Results: The mean nighttime urine density was 1020.12±7.38 and the mean daytime urine density was 1013.20±7.11 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between daytime and nighttime values of FENa (0.50±0.48 vs. 0.38±0.33), FEK (2.78±1.04 vs. 2.76±1.52) and TRP (88.5±2.4 vs 86.7±2.8) (p>0.05). Conclusion: Urine density in children with PNE was lower at night. However, there was no difference in of FENa, FEK and TRP. Further studies are needed in order to investigate renal tubular functions in children with PNE (The Me di cal Bul le tin of Ha se ki 2012; 50: 10-3

Hücre içi VEGF trafiğinin kanser gelişimi ve anjiyogenezine etkisinin incelenmesi.

Anjiyogenez, var olan damarlardan yeni kan damarı oluşumu süreci olup, kanser büyümesi ve yayılımı için gerekli bir basamaktır. Anjiyogenik faktörler içinde VEGF (Vasküler Endotel Büyüme Faktörü), tümör anjiyogenezinin en önemli aktivatörüdür. Anjiyogenezin inhibe edilmesi, hem tumor büyümesini hem de metastazını engelleyeceğinden, kanser tedavisi için son derece önemlidir.Bu projede, hücre sitoplazması ve çekirdeği arasındaki VEGF traifiği incelenecek, VEGF’in hücre içi hareketinin anjiyogeneze etkileri aydınlatılacaktır. Projeden elde edilecek sonuçların, kanser tedavisinde kullanılan anti-VEGF terapilere yeni yaklaşımlar getireceği düşünülmektedir

Hematoma related vasovagal bradycardia due to jugulary catheter complication

Santral venöz kateterler genellikle küçük girişimsel işlemler ile kolayca takılabilmesi ve güvenli olması yanı sıra bazen büyük ve küçük komplikasyonlar ile karşılaşabiliriz. Bu komplikasyonlardan biri de takılma yerinde hematom gelişmesidir. Hematom sıklığı yapılan girişim metoduna, yapanın yeteneğine, hastanın tıbbi durumuna ve girişim gerektirecek problemlerin durumuna göre değişir. Servikal vagus siniri karotid arterin lateralinde seyreder. Servikal kardiyak dal genellikle servikal vagustan bazen de superior laringeal sinirden köken alır. Bu sinir dalı ayrıca aortik dal veya depresör sinir olarak adlandırılmakta olup, aortik ark baroreseptörlerinden çıkan afferent lifler içerir. Arteriovenöz işlemler veya vagal bölgeye kompresyon süresince vazovagal reaksiyonlar sıklıkla görülebilir. Juguler kateter komplikasyonu olarak hematom ilişkili vazovagal bradikardi akılda tutulmalıdır.Central venous catheters are usually safe and placed with minor procedure easily but may sometimes be associated with some major and minor complications. One of the complications is hematoma. The frequency of the hematoma formation can be changed due to the method of insertion by specialist, medical status of the case and the problems that require intervention. The cervical vagus nerve runs parallel to the carotid artery on its lateral side. A cervical cardiac branch is given off along the course of the cervical vagus or in some cases from the superior laryngeal nerve. This nerve branch is also termed aortic branch or depressor nerve and contains mainly afferent fibers from baroreceptors of the aortic arch. Vasovagal reactions during the arteriovenous interventions or compression on the vagal site may be much more frequent. Hematoma related vasovagal bradycardia due to jugulary catheter complication may be kept in mind

Raynaud′s phenomenon in a child with medulloblastoma as a late effect of chemotherapy

There are a lot of early or late side effects of chemotherapies. One of them is Raynaud′s phenomenon (RP). Vascular toxicity associated with antineoplastic agents is notified in bleomycin alone therapy or in combination with cisplatin, vinblastine, and vincristine. The mechanism of RP associated with antineoplastic agents is unknown. All children receiving vinblastine, vincristine, bleomycin and cisplatin therapy, are followed and questioned about their complaint on RP. Long-term follow-up of surviving patients is recommended. Oncologists should be aware of the potential late toxic effects of antineoplastic drugs

Scrotal Ultrasonography Revisited for Non-Palpable Testicular Tumors in the Prepubertal Age: Case Report

A 4-year-6 month old boy was seen for sexual precocity manifested by growth spurt, frequent penile erection, penile enlargement and pubic hair development. Scrotal ultrasonography performed even though the testes were prepubertal, symmetric and bilaterally palpable- disclosed a tumor in the left testis. Left orchiectomy was performed and Leydig cell tumor was detected. Herein, we emphasize the role of scrotal ultrasonography in cases with gonadotropin-independent sexual precocity whereby the presence of non-palpable tumors should be excluded despite symmetrical testicles in the physical examination

The Efficacy of Delayed Surgery in Children with High-Risk Neuroblastoma

Context: Surgery is an important part of treatment in children with neuroblastoma; however, exact timing is unclear. Both initial and delayed surgery was suggested as the best by numerous studies. Aims: Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of delayed surgery on 31 children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one children with high-risk neuroblastoma were enrolled into the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows 10.0. Results: There 'were 15 male and 16 female patients with a median age of 3.0 +/- 3.2 years. Primary tumor site was adrenal in 27, non-adrenal in two, pelvic in one, and mediastinal in one patient. MYCN gene was amplified in four and non-amplified in 11 children on totally 15 children with available data. Lactate dehydrogenase was elevated in 30 children. The tumor volumes at diagnosis and before surgery in the whole group were 154.3 and 12.5 mL, respectively. The decline in tumor volume was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Initial surgery was performed in three and delayed in 20 children, and eight children were inoperable. Surgical complication rate was 66.6% (two out of three patients) in initial surgery group; however, the rate was 15% (3 out of 20 patients) in delayed surgery group. The 5-year event-free survival and overall survival rates in the whole group were 44.8% and 50.8%, respectively. Primary tumor area control rate was 95% Conclusions: In conclusion, the delayed surgery with intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been successful for primary control in high-risk neuroblastoma patients.WoSScopu

Prognostic Factors and a New Prognostic Index Model for Children and Adolescents with Hodgkin's Lymphoma Who Underwent Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Multicenter Study of the Turkish Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Study Group

transplantation, posttransplant white blood cell count over 10x103/µL, posttransplant positron emission tomography positivity at day 100, and serum albumin of ;lt;2.5 g/dL at diagnosis were correlated with progression-free survival. No remission at the time of transplantation, bone marrow positivity at diagnosis, and relapse after AHSCT were significant parameters for overall survival. Conclusion: the major factors affecting the progression-free and overall survival were clearly demonstrated. A CIPI that uses a lactate dehydrogenase level of 500 IU/L worked well for estimating the prognosis. We recommend AHSCT at first complete remission for relapsed cases, and it should also be taken into consideration for patients with high prognostic scores at diagnosis.Amaç: Relaps/refrakter Hodgkin lenfomanın (HL) otolog hematopoetik kök hücre nakli (OHKHN) sonrasındaki prognozunu gösterecek belirteçler ve çocukluk çağında yeni bir prognostik skorlama araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, Ocak 1990-Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında OHKHN uygulanan 61 hastanın OHKHN sonrası prognozunu etkileyen faktörlerin sağkalım üzerine etkisi araştırıldı. Aynı zamanda Yaşa Göre Düzeltilmiş Uluslararası Prognostik İndeks ve Çocukluk Dönemi Uluslararası Prognostik İndeks'lerinin (ÇDUPİ) prognoz üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Altmış bir hastanın ortanca yaşı OHKHN sırasında 14,8 yıl (5-20 yıl) idi. Hastalardan, 28 olguda bir relaps, 8 olguda >=2 relaps ve 25 olguda refrakter hastalık vardı. Kemosensitivite/kemoterapiye dirençlilik oranı 36/25 idi. Nakil öncesi radyoterapi almamak, nakil öncesi remisyonda olmamak, nakil sonrası beyaz kan hücresi sayısının 10x103/µL üzerinde olması, nakil sonrası 100. gün pozitron emisyon tomografisi pozitifliği, tanıda 2,5 g/dL'den düşük serum albümin düzeyi progresyonsuz sağkalım üzerinde etkili belirteçler iken transplantasyon zamanı remisyonda olmamak, tanıda kemik iliği pozitifliği ve OHKHN sonrası relaps ise genel sağkalım üzerinde etkili parametreler olarak bulundu. Sonuç: Relaps/refrakter HL'li çocuklarda progresyonsuz ve genel sağkalımı etkileyen faktörler açıkça gösterildi. Serum laktat dehidrogenaz üst sınırını 500 IU/L olarak kullanan ÇDUPİ prognozu göstermede etkili bulundu. Relaps hastalarda ilk tam remisyonda OHKHN yapılmasını ve tanı anında yüksek prognostik skoru olan olguların da OHKHN açısından değerlendirmeye alınmasını önermekteyiz