DEVELOPMENT OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISES OF VIETNAM IN CURRENT CONTEXT

With the efforts of businesses themselves and the government's supportive policies, in recent times, the private business force in our country has clearly demonstrated its dynamism, creativity and role as an essential catalyst for economic growth, creating jobs, improving people's life quality, etc. However, reality shows that this type of economy still has many limitations, difficulties and challenges. This article focuses on generalizing private enterprises and the development of private enterprises in our country through stages, identifying the constraints and problems facing private enterprises in our country at present, thereby proposing several solutions and recommendations to strongly promote the development of this critical type of enterprise in our country in the near future.JEL: L26, M13, O17, P31  Article visualizations

THE NATIONAL TARGET PROGRAM ON BUILDING NEW-STYLE RURAL AREAS IN VIETNAM: THE CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS IN ECONOMIC ASPECTS

After 12 years of implementation, the National Target Program on building new-style rural areas in Vietnam has achieved remarkable achievements in terms of both scale and speed of meeting the standards of building new-style rural areas, making an important contribution to the cause of rural socio-economic development in particular and the development of the country in general. However, there are still some limitations in terms of standard local structure, sustainability of criteria, investment resources to build new-style rural areas, quality and value of products, etc. If there is no solution soon, it will become a big barrier, negatively affecting the results of the program in the coming time. This article focuses on analyzing the current situation of the implementation of the National Target Program on building new-style rural areas in Vietnam for the period 2010-2022 in terms of economic aspects, recognizing the successes and identifying the limitations and specifying the cause of the limitations, thereby proposing some remedial solutions to contribute to the effective implementation of the policy of on building new-style rural areas throughout the country.  Article visualizations

ELECTROCHEMICAL ACTIVITY OF PtM (M=Co, Cu, Ni) CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON CARBON VULCAN FOR OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION (ORR) IN FUEL CELLS

PEMFC - proton exchange membrane fuel cell is electrochemical devices producing electricity and heat from reaction between a fuel (often hydrogen) and oxygen. Therefore, energy production is generally clean and effective without burning the fuel like the tradition way in combustion engines. The obstacles encountered fuel cell commercialization are mainly due to expensive catalyst materials (Platinum) and long-term instability performance. For this reason, numerous investigations have been undertaken with the goal of developing low-cost, efficient electrocatalysts that can be used as alternatives to Pt. In this paper, a two-step procedure at room temperature was applied to prepare a bimetallic Pt-M(M = metal) supported carbon Vulcan. First, the chemical reduction of M metal ions by sodium borohydride in the presence of carbon powder is performed. Second, the partial galvanic replacement of M particle layers by Pt is achieved upon immersion in a chloroplatinate solution. The major size of synthesized metallic particles was around 2-3 nm. From the slope of Koutecky-Levich plot for ORR using PtM/C materials as catalysts it was found that the overall electron transfer number ranged from 3 to 4, leading to the suggestion of H2O2 formation as an intermediate of the ORR

Verdsettelse av Statoil ASA - Ved bruk av den driftsrelaterte super-profittmodellen

Jeg utfører en fundamental verdsettelse av Statoil ASA. Som første steg i den fundamentale verdsettelsen foretar jeg en strategisk analyse. Med strategisk analyse kartlegger jeg styrker, svakheter, muligheter og trusler til selskapet. Dette gir grunnlag for estimering av vekst for selskapet. Deretter omgrupperer jeg regnskapet slik at det blir tilpasset investorperspektivet og jeg gjennomfører en regnskapsanalyse. Poenget med regnskapsanalysen er å regne ut nøkkeltall for lønnsomhet, vekst og risiko. Ved verdsettelse av selskapet benytter jeg den driftsrelaterte superprofittmodellen med WACC som diskonteringsrente, og kommer fram til at verdien per aksje er NOK 179,47 mot en markedspris på NOK 178,6 (20. mai 2014). Avslutningsvis gjennomfører jeg en sensitivitetsanalyse for å avdekke hvordan estimert aksjepris reagere på endringer i nøkkeltall.Master i okonomi og administrasjo

Uso de variables de mercado en la predicción de dificultades financieras para las empresas que cotizan en Vietnam

This paper aims to investigate the classification power of market variables as predictors in the financial distress prediction model for listed companies in a frontier market as Vietnam securities market. Data is collected from 70 financially distressed companies that suffer a loss in 3 consecutive years and 156 non-financially distressed companies in Vietnam from 2010 to 2017. Four different models have been constructed using Logit regression and SVM analysis technique to make a prediction in 1 to 3-year ahead. The analysis results show that combining accounting ratios with market variables such as price volatility and P/E can improve the classification ability of the ex-ante model. In addition, contrary to the results of related previous researches in emerging markets, in this study, Logit models outperform SVM models. Therefore, for future research, models that apply other machine learning classifiers such as Decision Tree (DT) or Neural Network (NN) should be investigated.Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar el poder de clasificación de las variables del mercado como factores predictivos en el modelo de predicción de dificultades financieras para las empresas que cotizan en bolsa en un mercado fronterizo como el mercado de valores de Vietnam. Los datos se recopilan de 70 compañías con dificultades financieras que sufrieron una pérdida en 3 años consecutivos y 156 empresas sin dificultades financieras en Vietnam desde 2010 a 2017. Se han construido cuatro modelos diferentes utilizando regresión Logit y la técnica de análisis de SVM para hacer una predicción en 1 a 3 años por delante. Los resultados del análisis muestran que la combinación de ratios contables con variables de mercado como la volatilidad de los precios y el P / E puede mejorar la capacidad de clasificación del modelo ex ante. Además, a diferencia de los resultados de investigaciones anteriores relacionadas en mercados emergentes, en este estudio, los modelos Logit superan a los modelos SVM. Por lo tanto, para futuras investigaciones, se deben investigar los modelos que aplican otros clasificadores de aprendizaje automático, como el Árbol de decisiones (DT) o la Red neuronal (NN)

‘I’m not like that, why treat me the same way?’ The impact of stereotyping international students on their learning, employability and connectedness with the workplace

A significant body of literature on international education examines the experiences of international students in the host country. There is however a critical lack of empirical work that investigates the dynamic and complex positioning of international students within the current education-migration nexus that prevails international education in countries such as Australia, Canada and the UK. This paper addresses an important but under-researched area of the education-migration landscape by examining how the stereotyping of students as mere ‘migration hunters’ may impact their study and work experiences. It draws on a four-year research project funded by the Australian Research Council that includes more than 150 interviews and fieldwork in the Australian vocational education context. Positioning theory is used as a conceptual framework to analyse how generalising international students as ‘mere migration hunters’ has led to the disconnectedness, vulnerability and marginalization of the group of international students participating in this research

Impact of professional development activities on teachers’ formative assessment practices

This study aims to explore the impact of professional development (PD) activities on the practice of formative assessment, mediated by outcome expectancy and self-efficacy. The study used a survey method to unveil compelling insights among 5,546 primary teachers within the context of Vietnam. The findings from partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) demonstrated a significant impact of PD on teachers’ outcome expectancy regarding formative assessment and their self-efficacy in practicing it. The study emphasizes that PD significantly enhances the effectiveness of practice when interconnected with outcome expectancy and self-efficacy. When teachers anticipate positive outcomes and possess strong self-belief, PD notably improves their classroom formative assessment practices. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring PD initiatives to bolster teachers’ outcome expectancy and self-efficacy. By emphasizing these aspects, PD can significantly elevate its positive influence on classroom practices, especially in formative assessment. This study provides crucial insights for educational policymakers and institutions aiming to maximize the impact of PD programs for primary educators in Vietnam

HCMC: Reflejando el centro, invirtiendo la lógica contemporánea

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest agglomeration in Vietnam, is a multitude of cities and where spatial development is inherently intertwined with a continuously transforming water structure. HCMC is a relatively young city—the foundational citadel dates from the end 18th century—that nevertheless was always complex. Its original dichotomic nature, with Chinese Chợ Lớn and Vietnamese Sài Gòn, forcefully colonized and domesticated a quagmire. It eventually became colonized itself by France (formalized by the Indochina federation 1887-1954). The agglomeration subsequently underwent strong growth and transformation during the American War (1955-75), to explode even more after the (re)opening up to the market in 1986 (Đổi Mới: the change to the new). Shock and wave development (and significant disruption), hand-in-hand with forceful public intervention and laissez-faire dynamics, led to odd bedfellows—a partially planned and spontaneous urban environment, iterating between conscious design decisions anchored on territorial characteristics (predominantly defined by water structures) and generic additions regardless of the terrain, between structuring and undirected fabrics. Amidst another wave of rampant growth and expansion, the city plans to double its center eastwards across the Sài Gòn River in the water-sick districts 2, 9 and Thu Duc. This offers the occasion to boldly rethink the formation of the contemporary tropical deltaic metropolis. The article will plead for an alternative for the future development of HCMC through the elaboration of a project for the twin center of Sài Gòn, foreseen in an interfluvial land that is systematically permeated by canals, river branches, ditches, etc. The plan recognizes that the water system defines the base spatial register of the territory and intelligently anchors urban development on this register.Ciudad Ho Chi Minh (HCMC), la mayor aglomeración de Vietnam, es una multitud de ciudades y es donde el desarrollo espacial está intrínsecamente entrelazado con una estructura de agua en continua transformación. HCMC es una ciudad relativamente joven —la ciudadela fundacional data de finales del siglo XVIII— que, sin embargo, siempre fue compleja. Su naturaleza dicotómica original, con Chợ Lớn (China) y Sài Gòn (Vietnam), colonizó y domesticó con fuerza una ciénaga. Finalmente, fue colonizada por Francia (formalizada por la federación de Indochina 1887-1954). Posteriormente, la aglomeración experimentó un fuerte crecimiento y transformación durante la Guerra de Estados Unidos (1955-75), para explotar aún más incluso después de la (re) apertura al mercado en 1986 (Đổi Mới: el cambio a lo nuevo). El desarrollo de olas y choques (y perturbaciones significativas), de la mano de una enérgica intervención pública y una dinámica de laissez-faire, dio lugar a una extraña combinación: un entorno urbano parcialmente planificado y espontáneo, iterando entre decisiones de diseño conscientes ancladas a características territoriales (predominantemente definidas por estructuras de agua) y adiciones genéricas independientemente del terreno, entre tejidos estructurantes y no dirigidos. En medio de otra ola de crecimiento y expansión desenfrenada, la ciudad planea duplicar su centro hacia el este a través del río Sài Gòn en los distritos 2, 9 y Thu Duc, que están llenos de agua. Esto ofrece la ocasión de repensar audazmente la formación de la metrópolis deltaica tropical contemporánea. El artículo abogará por una alternativa para el futuro desarrollo de HCMC a través de la elaboración de un proyecto para el centro gemelo de Sài Gòn, previsto en un terreno interfluvial lleno de agua que está sistemáticamente permeado por canales, ramas de ríos, acequias, etc. El plan reconoce que el sistema hídrico define el registro espacial base del territorio y ancla inteligentemente el desarrollo urbano en este registro