The modern : the chivaldric ideal in the shaping of the contemporary Serbian and world novel ; Конец модерна : рыцарский идеал в формировании современного сербского романа и романа в мировой литературе

Истраживање улоге витешког идеала у обликовању савременог српског и светског романа заснива се на хипотези о пресудном значају идеала витештва у (само)разумевању модернистичке поетике. Теоретичари XIX и XX века углавном су наглашавали пародијску компоненту модерног романа, што се најбоље види у тумачењу Сервантесове пародије витештва. У чињеници да Сервантес пародира управо витешке идеале развијеног и позног средњег века већина тумача није видела више од стицаја књижевноисторијских и друштвеноисторијских околности. Улога витештва на почетку модерног романа може се сагледати у сасвим другачијем светлу уколико у роману XX века препознамо присуство витешких идеала којима се Сервантес, само делимично, подсмевао. Модернистички роман се, према нашем мишљењу, користио елементима витешке епохе да би формулисао сопствени поглед на свет. Повратак модернистичког романа витешком идеалу не може се објаснити историјским контекстом вековима удаљене епохе средњег века. У дисертацији се, уместо тога, истражује дубља веза модернистичког, па и модерног романа са витешким идеалом, веза која до сада није била примећена у критици...Research into the role of the chivalric ideal in the shaping of the contemporary Serbian and world novel is based on the hypothesis on the decisive importance of the ideal of chivalry in the (self-)understanding of the modernist poetics. Nineteenth- and twentieth-century theorists mainly emphasised the parodic component of the modern novel, which is best evidenced by the interpretation of Cervantes’s parody of chivalry. The majority of interpreters did not view the fact that it was precisely the chivalric ideals of the developed and late Middle Ages that Cervantes parodied as anything more than a coincidence of literary-historical and social-historical circumstances. The role of chivalry at the beginning of the modern novel can be reviewed in an entirely different light if we recognise in the novel of the twentieth century the presence of the chivalric ideals which Cervantes ridiculed only up to a point. The modernist novel, in our opinion, used elements of the era of chivalry in order to formulate its own world-view. The return of the modernist novel to the chivalric ideal cannot be explained by the historical context of the Middle Ages, an era centuries apart from the age of modernism. Instead, in this dissertation we explore a deeper connection between the modernist, even the modern novel, and the chivalric ideal, a connection that has so far remained unobserved in criticism..

Clinico pathological study of early stages of cervical cancer

Karcinom grlića materice je vodeći uzrok smrtnosti među ginekološkim malignitetima. U ranim stadijumima lečenje karcinoma grlića gotovo uvek podrazumeva hiruršku proceduru: konizaciju, radikalnu histerektomiju/trahelektomiju koja je povezana sa visokom stopom morbiditeta. Analiza faktora koji dovode do metastaziranja ovog tumora u okolna i udaljena tkiva je od velikog značaja u proceni tipa hirurškog i adjuvantnog lečenja koje treba primeniti. Ciljevi rada su utvrđivanje učestalosti metastatskih promena u limfnim nodusima parametrija, određivanju međusobne relacije metastatskih promena u parametrijumu sa metastazama u pelvičnim limfnim nodusima, kao i utvrđivanju povezanosti tumorske zapremine i limfovaskularne invazije sa metastazama u parametrijum i pelvične noduse i utvrđivanje histoloških prognostičkih faktora kod tumora malog prečnika (≤ 20 mm) gde je utvrđeno zahvatanje parametrijuma. Metod rada. Radi o kohortnoj studiji koja je uključila sve pacijentkinje, hirurški lečene radikalnom histerektomijom sa pelvičnom limfonodektomijom, u stadijumima bolesti FIGO Ia-IIa u periodu 1995- 2001. Analizom originalnih patoloških izveštaja izvršena je klasifikacija pacijentkinja prema: patološkom tipu maligniteta, stepenu diferencijacije tumora, prisustvu metastaza u limfnim nodusima parametrija i pelvičnim limfnim nodusima i prečniku tumora i tumorskoj zapremini. Pacijentkinje su podeljene u grupu onih gde ukupne najveće dimenzije tumora ne prelaze 20 mm, i one sa većim prečnikom tumora i posledično većom tumorskom zapreminom. Analizirana je povezanost histološkog tipa tumora, diferencijacije, dubine invazije, prečnika tumora, tumor volumena sa metastatskim širenjem u limfne noduse parametrijuma i karlice. U ovoj studiji korišćene su deskriptivne i analitičke statističke metode. Rezultati su pokazali da je veća zapremina tumora direktno povezana sa povećanom učestalošću pelvičnih nodalnih metastaza i širenja u parametrijum u svim FIGO stadijumima tumorske bolesti. Dubina tumorske invazije u srednju i duboku trećinu cervikalne strome direktno je povezana sa većom učestalošću pelvičnih nodalnih metastaza i širenja u parametrijum u svim stadijumima tumorske bolesti uključujući i tumore malog dijametra. Zahvatanje limfovaskularnih prostora direktno je povezano sa većom učestalošću pelvičnih nodalnih metastaza i širenja u parametrijum u svim FIGO stadijumima tumorske bolesti. Najvažniji prognostički faktori za metastatsko širenje u parametrijum i pelvične limfne noduse su dubina tumorske invazije i zahvaćenost LV prostora. Mikroinvazivni karcinom u FIGO stadijumu IA1 ne pokazuje metastatsko širenje u parametrijum i pelvične limfne noduse dok stadijum IA2 pokazuje metastatsko širenje u pelvične limfne noduse (5.3%) u malom broju slučajeva, ali ne i u parametrijum. Tumori u FIGO stadijumu IB1 sa tumorskim dijametrom koji ne prelazi 20 mm pokazali su metastatsko širenje u pelvične limfne noduse na nivou učestalosti registrovane u FIGO stadijumu IA2 (5.3% vs 5.4%). Zahvaćenost parametrijuma u FIGO stadijumu IB1 sa tumorskim dijametrom koji ne prelazi 20 mm u odsustvu pelvičnih nodalnih metastaza je veoma niska (1.56%) i značajno je povezana sa većom dubinom invazije tumora u stromu grlića materice kao i sa prisustvom invazije LV prostora. Tumori u FIGO stadijumu IB1 sa dijametrom većim od 20 mm pokazuju značajno češće metastatsko širenje u pelvične limfne noduse (31.8%) i zahvatanje parametrijuma (11.7%) kod pacijentkinja sa negativnim pelvičnim limfnim nodusima u poređenju sa tumorima dijametra manjeg od 20 mm. Niska stopa zahvaćenosti parametrijuma kod FIGO stadijum IB1 tumora dijametra manjeg od 20 mm i u slučajevima površinske invazije strome bez LVSI omogućava prezervaciju parametrijuma prilikom hirurške procedure i time smanjenju stope perioperativnog morbiditeta. Zaključak. Ukazuje se potreba za razdvajanjem klasifikacije tumora u FIGO stadijumu IB1 na one koji su dijametra manjeg od 20 mm i većih, jer tumori manjeg dijametra pokazuju ponašanje sličnije grupi mikroinvazivnih tumora u FIGOstadijumu IA2. Značajno je i utvrđivanje povezanosti tumorske zapremine i limfovaskularne invazije sa metastazama u parametrijumu i pelvičnim nodusima, i utvrđivanje histoloških prognostičkih faktora kod tumora malog prečnika (≤ 20 mm) gde je utvrđeno zahvatanje parametrijuma.Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies. In the early stages of treatment of cervical cancer almost always involves a surgical procedure: a cone biopsy, radical hysterectomy / trachelectomy which is associated with a high morbidity rate. Analysis of the factors that lead to the surrounding and distant metastases of the tumor is of great importance in assessing the type of surgical and adjuvant treatment to be applied. This work aimed to establish the frequency of metastases in the lymph nodes and parametrium, determining mutual relations metastases in parametrium with metastases in the pelvic lymph nodes, as well as establishing the connection between tumor volume and lymphovascular invasion with metastasis parametrium and pelvic nodes and determine the histological prognostic factors in tumors of a small diameter (≤ 20 mm), which lead to tumor spread in the parametrium. Method. A cohort study which included patients surgically treated by radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy, the stages of the disease FIGO Ia-IIa in the period 1995-2001. The analysis of the original pathological reports classified patients according to: pathological type of malignancy, the degree of differentiation of the tumor, the presence of metastases in lymph nodes parametrium and pelvic lymph nodes and tumor diameter and tumor volume. Patients were divided among those where the greatest overall dimensions of the tumor do not exceed 20 mm, and those with larger diameter of the tumor and, consequently, greater tumor volume. The correlation between histological type of the tumor, differentiation, depth of invasion, tumor diameter, tumor volume with metastatic spread to lymph nodes parametrium and pelvis. In this study descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used. The results show that greater volume of the tumor is directly related with an increased incidence of pelvic nodal metastases and dissemination to parametrium in all FIGO tumor stages. The depth of tumor invasion in the middle and a deep third of the cervical stroma is directly related to higher incidence of pelvic nodal metastasis and spread to parametrium at all tumors stages, including tumors with the small diameter. Lymphovascular space invasion is directly related to higher incidence of pelvic nodal metastasis and spread to parametrium in all FIGO tumor stages. The most important prognostic factors for metastatic spread in parametrium and pelvic lymph nodes are the depth of tumor invasion and involvement of the LV area. Microinvasive carcinoma FIGO stage IA1 does not show metastatic spread in parametrium and pelvic lymph nodes while stage IA2 shows metastatic spread to pelvic lymph nodes (5.3%) in a small number of cases, but not in parametrium. Tumors in FIGO stage IB1 with tumor diameter not exceeding 20 mm showed metastatic spread to pelvic lymph nodes at the level of frequency of non FIGO stage IA2 (5.3% vs 5.4%). Involvement of parametrium in FIGO stage IB1 with tumor diameter not exceeding 20 mm in the absence of pelvic nodal metastasis is very low (1.56%) and was significantly associated with a greater depth of tumor invasion into the stroma of the cervix as well as the presence of invasion LV space. Tumors FIGO stage IB1 with a diameter greater than 20 mm exhibit significantly more metastatic spread in pelvic lymph nodes (31.8%) and the parametrium (11.7%) compared with patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes and compared to patients with tumors of a diameter below 20 mm. Involvement of parametrium with FIGO stage IB1 tumors with a diameter less than 20 mm is very low and in cases of superficial stromal invasion without LVSI it allows preservation of the parametrium during surgical procedures, thus reducing the incidence of perioperative morbidity. Conclusion. There is a proposal for separation of classification of tumors FIGO stage IB1 on those with diameters smaller than 20 mm and larger, because tumors with smaller diameter show behavior similar to group of microinvasive tumors in FIGO stadium IA2. It is important to determine the relationship between tumor volume and lymphovascular invasion with metastases in the lymph nodes and parametrium, and histological prognostic factors in tumors of small diameter (≤ 20 mm), where invasion of the parametrium is present

Prvi izveštaj o rasprostranjenosti i kliničkoj slici infekcije mačaka sa Bartonella henselae na području Novog Sada

Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) is an infective disease of animals and humans caused with Bartonella henselae. Prevalence of infection varies between 0 and 68% depending on different population of cats and geographical region. Naturally infected cats are often clinically healthy and are inapparent germ carriers. In this investigation 40 cats from the area of Novi Sad were analyzed. After the epidemiological questionnaire was made, all cats were clinically investigated. To determine the presence of specific antibodies of class G on Bartonella henselae the method of indirect immunofluorescence was used. For the first time in Serbia, in the area of Novi Sad municipality the infection caused by Bartonella henselae in the population of cats was detected. Prevalence of specific antibodies of class IgG on Bartonella henselae antigen in the population of cats was 57%. The most common clinical manifestations in seropositive cats were gingivitis and lymphoadenopathy.Bolest mačijeg ogreba (BMO) je infektivno oboljenje životinja i ljudi izazvano sa Bartonella henselae. Prevalencija infekcije varira u zavisnosti od populacije mačaka i geografskog regiona i kreće se od 0 do 68%. Prirodno inficirane mačke su često klinički zdrave, inaparentne kliconoše. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 40 mačaka sa područja Novog Sada. Nakon uzimanja epidemiološke ankete, sve mačke su klinički pregledane. Za utvrđivanje prisustva specifičnih antitela klase G na antigene Bartonella henselae korišćen je test indirektne imunofluorescencije. Na geografskom području grada Novog Sada i okoline, po prvi put je u Republici Srbiji, utvrđeno prisustvo infekcije izazvane uzročnikom Bartonella henselae u populaciji mačaka. Prevalencija specifičnih antitela klase IgG na antigen Bartonella henselae u populaciji mačaka iznosila je 57%. Najčešće kliničke manifestacije kod seropozitivnih mačaka bile su gingivitis i limfadenopatija

Valorization of expired energydrinks by designed and integrated ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems

Expired energy drinks are rich in bioactive value-added compounds that can be recovered and reused in order to valorize food waste within a circular economy perspective. However, to accomplish such requirements, it is necessary to develop sustainable extraction and recovery processes, which must consist of decreasing the number of steps required or developing integrated strategies. In this work, novel aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) composed of ionic liquids (ILs) and a biocompatible polymer polypropylene glycol (400 g·mol-1, PPG 400) were studied for the simultaneous extraction and recovery of three value-added compounds, namely, caffeine, taurine, and niacin, from expired energy drinks. ILs were designed and synthesized in order to have similar anions to the target compounds, thus allowing enhanced selectivity and biological activity, while avoiding an extra step of separation of these high-value compounds from the IL-rich phase. To this end, cholinium-based ILs comprising the anions lactate, pyruvate, taurate, and nicotinate were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity and ecotoxicity credentials were evaluated. Overall, taurine and niacin are majorly enriched in the IL-rich phase, while caffeine preferentially migrates in the majority of the cases toward the PPG-rich phase. However, caffeine also partitions to the IL-rich phase in the ABS formed by cholinium pyruvate or cholinium nicotinate. The ABS formed by cholinium nicotinate and PPG 400 is the best system identified, allowing the almost complete recovery (recovery efficiencies > 82%) of all target compounds into the IL-rich phase in one step. Furthermore, cholinium nicotinate exhibits marginal cytotoxic potential and is harmless from an ecotoxicological point of view. This system is thus a promising platform to simultaneously extract, recover, and reuse value-added compounds from expired energy drinks without the need of removing the IL or recovering the target compounds from the IL-rich phase, thus contributing to a sustainable and circular food economypublishe

High pressure densities of ethylene glycol and caffeine mixtures

Ethylene glycol is a well-known fluid that is recognized for its application in heat transfer processes [1]. In order to improve its characteristics and performances, adding other particles in the mixture of ethylene glycol and water, such as nanoparticles has been investigated [2]. A substance widespread available, easily distributed and cost effective is caffeine. Caffeine can be recycled from coffee or tea waste, which makes it profitable and sustainable. Literature data state that caffeine addition to ethylene glycol improves its properties as a heat transfer fluid, primarily due to higher heat capacities, higher system fluidity and lower viscosity [3]. This work investigates different thermodynamic properties of caffeine + ethylene glycol mixtures. Densities have been measured at high pressures from (0,1 – 60) MP and at the temperature range (20 - 140) ºC. All measurements were performed using an Anton Paar DMA 5000 HP density meter with a vibrating tube [4]. The obtained results were fitted by the modified Tammann-Tait equation and parameters were used to determine the isothermal compressibility coefficient, the coefficient of isobaric expansion, the internal pressure and the difference of specific heat capacity at constant pressure and constant volume. Experimental values and calculated thermodynamic parameters reported in this work will help in concluding whether the caffeine + ethylene glycol mixtures are good candidates as heat transfer fluids

Ionic liquid-derived carbon-supported metal electrocatalysts as anodes in direct borohydride-peroxide fuel cells

Three different carbon-supported metal (gold, platinum, nickel) nanoparticle (M/c-IL) electrocatalysts are prepared by template-free carbonization of the corresponding ionic liquids, namely [Hmim][AuCl4 ], [Hmim]2 [PtCl4 ], and [C16mim]2 [NiCl4 ], as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical investigation of borohydride oxidation reaction (BOR) at the three electrocatalysts by cyclic voltammetry reveals different behavior for each material. BOR is found to be a first-order reaction at the three electrocatalysts, with an apparent activation energy of 10.6 and 13.8 kJ mol−1 for Pt/c-IL and Au/c-IL electrocatalysts, respectively. A number of exchanged electrons of 5.0, 2.4, and 2.0 is obtained for BOR at Pt/c-IL, Au/c-IL, and Ni/c-IL electrodes, respectively. Direct borohydride-peroxide fuel cell (DBPFC) tests done at temperatures in the 25–65◦C range show ca. four times higher power density when using a Pt/c-IL anode than with an Au/c-IL anode. Peak power densities of 40.6 and 120.5 mW cm−2 are achieved at 25 and 65◦C, respectively, for DBPFC with a Pt/c-IL anode electrocatalyst. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/)

Supporting information for: Water-Tuned Tautomer-Selective Tandem Synthesis of the 5,6-Dihydropyrimidin-4(3 H )-ones, Driven under the Umbrella of Sustainable Chemistry

The selective synthesis of 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-one scaffold (precursor of dihydrouracil) was a very difficult synthetic challenge that, so far, has not been achieved. For the first time, in this paper, green, selective and high-yields approach to 40 novel 5,6-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (DHPMs) by one-pot reaction of aldehydes, Meldrum's acid and isothioureas under solvent-free conditions, in the presence of water, since an additive is presented. In the majority of cases, introduced methodology gave an unprecedented tautomer-selective fashion toward targeted compounds with excellent tautomeric purity (>99.9%), which reached 100% in few cases. The molecular structure of the five compounds has been determined by X-ray crystallography. In each one of them, very short length for the corresponding N2-C1 bond was noticed, making them especially interesting from a structural standpoint. This experimental fact can imply a highly localized electron π density in this part of each heterocyclic ring. The obtained experimental results, which are determined from NMR and ESI-MS study, indicate that this Biginelli-type reaction smoothly proceeds in a one-pot mode, pointing to the three-step tandem process, proceeding via the Knoevenagel, aza-Michael, and retro-Diels-Alder reactions. The presented strategy also had the following advantages: reduction amount of waste, excellent values of green chemistry metrics (cEF, EcoScale and GCIS), and it is the first eco-friendly strategy toward the DHPMs scaffold. © Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society.Supplementary data for the article: [https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03127]Related to: [http://vinar.vin.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/7886

Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 may counteract myocardial infarction induced by isoprenaline in rats

We revealed that the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, a useful peptide therapy against isoprenaline myocardial infarction, as well as against isoprenaline myocardial reinfarction, may follow the counteraction of the recently described occlusion-like syndrome, induced peripherally and centrally, which was described for the first time in isoprenaline- treated rats. BPC 157 (10 ng/kg, 10 µg/kg i.p.), L-NAME (5 mg/kg i.p.), and L-arginine (200 mg/kg i.p.) were given alone or together at (i) 30 min before or, alternatively, (ii) at 5 min after isoprenaline (75 or 150 mg/kg s.c.). At 30 min after isoprenaline 75 mg/kg s.c., we noted an early multiorgan failure (brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal lesions), thrombosis, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, portal and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension, in its full presentation (or attenuated by BPC 157 therapy (given at 5 min after isoprenaline) via activation of the azygos vein). Further, we studied isoprenaline (75 or 150 mg/kg s.c.) myocardial infarction (1 challenge) and reinfarction (isoprenaline at 0 h and 24 h, 2 challenges) in rats (assessed at the end of the subsequent 24 h period). BPC 157 reduced levels of all necrosis markers, CK, CK-MB, LDH, and cTnT, and attenuated gross (no visible infarcted area) and histological damage, ECG (no ST-T ischemic changes), and echocardiography (preservation of systolic left ventricular function) damage induced by isoprenaline. Its effect was associated with a significant decrease in oxidative stress parameters and likely maintained NO system function, providing that BPC 157 interacted with eNOS and COX2 gene expression in a particular way and counteracted the noxious effect of the NOS- blocker, L-NAME

Insights from the genome of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogen Ustilago maydis

Ustilago maydis is a ubiquitous pathogen of maize and a well-established model organism for the study of plant-microbe interactions. This basidiomycete fungus does not use aggressive virulence strategies to kill its host. U. maydis belongs to the group of biotrophic parasites (the smuts) that depend on living tissue for proliferation and development. Here we report the genome sequence for a member of this economically important group of biotrophic fungi. The 20.5-million-base U. maydis genome assembly contains 6,902 predicted protein-encoding genes and lacks pathogenicity signatures found in the genomes of aggressive pathogenic fungi, for example a battery of cell-wall-degrading enzymes. However, we detected unexpected genomic features responsible for the pathogenicity of this organism. Specifically, we found 12 clusters of genes encoding small secreted proteins with unknown function. A significant fraction of these genes exists in small gene families. Expression analysis showed that most of the genes contained in these clusters are regulated together and induced in infected tissue. Deletion of individual clusters altered the virulence of U. maydis in five cases, ranging from a complete lack of symptoms to hypervirulence. Despite years of research into the mechanism of pathogenicity in U. maydis, no 'true' virulence factors had been previously identified. Thus, the discovery of the secreted protein gene clusters and the functional demonstration of their decisive role in the infection process illuminate previously unknown mechanisms of pathogenicity operating in biotrophic fungi. Genomic analysis is, similarly, likely to open up new avenues for the discovery of virulence determinants in other pathogens. ©2006 Nature Publishing Group.J.K., M. B. and R.K. thank G. Sawers and U. Kämper for critical reading of the manuscript. The genome sequencing of Ustilago maydis strain 521 is part of the fungal genome initiative and was funded by National Human Genome Research Institute (USA) and BayerCropScience AG (Germany). F.B. was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (USA). J.K. and R.K. thank the German Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF) for financing the DNA array setup and the Max Planck Society for their support of the manual genome annotation. F.B. was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, B.J.S. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Foundation for Innovation, J.W.K. received funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, J.R.-H. received funding from CONACYT, México, A.M.-M. was supported by a fellowship from the Humboldt Foundation, and L.M. was supported by an EU grant. Author Contributions All authors were involved in planning and executing the genome sequencing project. B.W.B., J.G., L.-J.M., E.W.M., D.D., C.M.W., J.B., S.Y., D.B.J., S.C., C.N., E.K., G.F., P.H.S., I.H.-H., M. Vaupel, H.V., T.S., J.M., D.P., C.S., A.G., F.C. and V. Vysotskaia contributed to the three independent sequencing projects; M.M., G.M., U.G., D.H., M.O. and H.-W.M. were responsible for gene model refinement, database design and database maintenance; G.M., J. Kämper, R.K., G.S., M. Feldbrügge, J.S., C.W.B., U.F., M.B., B.S., B.J.S., M.J.C., E.C.H.H., S.M., F.B., J.W.K., K.J.B., J. Klose, S.E.G., S.J.K., M.H.P., H.A.B.W., R.deV., H.J.D., J.R.-H., C.G.R.-P., L.O.-C., M.McC., K.S., J.P.-M., J.I.I., W.H., P.G., P.S.-A., M. Farman, J.E.S., R.S., J.M.G.-P., J.C.K., W.L. and D.H. were involved in functional annotation and interpretation; T.B., O.M., L.M., A.M.-M., D.G., K.M., N.R., V. Vincon, M. VraneŠ, M.S. and O.L. performed experiments. J. Kämper, R.K. and M.B. wrote and edited the paper with input from L.-J.M., J.G., F.B., J.W.K., B.J.S. and S.E.G. Individual contributions of authors can be found as Supplementary Notes