Pest categorisation of Dendroctonus micans

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the great spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus micans (Kugelann), (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), for the EU. D. micans is a well-defined and distinguishable species, recognised mainly as a pest of spruce (Picea spp.) and pine (Pinus spp.) in Eurasia. Attacks on other conifers (Abies spp., Larix decidua, Pseudotsuga menziesii) are also reported. Supposedly originating from north-eastern Eurasia, D. micans has spread westward and is now distributed throughout the EU (22 Member States). It is a quarantine pest listed in Annex IIB of Council Directive 2000/29/EC for Greece, Ireland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland, Isle of Man and Jersey) as protected zones. Wood, wood products, bark and wood packaging material of the conifers genera listed as hosts are considered as the main pathways for the pest, which is also able to disperse several kilometres by flight. The sib-mating habits of the species allow each single female to start a new colony on her own. The pest’s wide current geographic range suggests that it is able to establish anywhere in the EU where its hosts are present. The beetles attack living trees and usually complete their life cycle without killing their host, except under epidemic conditions at the limits of their distribution range, where hundreds of thousands of trees can be killed. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is particularly susceptible. Biological control using the very specific predatory beetle, Rhizophagus grandis, is a widespread and efficient option that has been implemented in all areas suffering from outbreaks. It is complemented by sanitary thinning or clear-felling. All criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration as potential protected zone quarantine pest were met. The criteria for considering D. micans as a potential regulated non-quarantine pest are not met since plants for planting are not the main pathway

Recent EUROfusion Achievements in Support of Computationally Demanding Multiscale Fusion Physics Simulations and Integrated Modeling

Integrated modeling (IM) of present experiments and future tokamak reactors requires the provision of computational resources and numerical tools capable of simulating multiscale spatial phenomena as well as fast transient events and relatively slow plasma evolution within a reasonably short computational time. Recent progress in the implementation of the new computational resources for fusion applications in Europe based on modern supercomputer technologies (supercomputer MARCONI-FUSION), in the optimization and speedup of the EU fusion-related first-principle codes, and in the development of a basis for physics codes/modules integration into a centrally maintained suite of IM tools achieved within the EUROfusion Consortium is presented. Physics phenomena that can now be reasonably modelled in various areas (core turbulence and magnetic reconnection, edge and scrape-off layer physics, radio-frequency heating and current drive, magnetohydrodynamic model, reflectometry simulations) following successful code optimizations and parallelization are briefly described. Development activities in support to IM are summarized. They include support to (1) the local deployment of the IM infrastructure and access to experimental data at various host sites, (2) the management of releases for sophisticated IM workflows involving a large number of components, and (3) the performance optimization of complex IM workflows.This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014 to 2018 under grant agreement 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or ITER.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Les “gynéconymes” ou la formation des noms d’épouse en Provence au Moyen Âge

Vouland Pierre. Les “gynéconymes” ou la formation des noms d’épouse en Provence au Moyen Âge. In: Onomastique et histoire - Onomastique littéraire. Actes du Colloque d’onomastique d’Aix-en-Provence (octobre 1994) Paris : Société française d'onomastique, 1998. pp. 263-268. (Actes des colloques de la Société française d'onomastique, 8

L'industrie bretonne de transformation des légumes et ses conditions d'approvisionnement dans une perspective européenne

Cette étude dresse un bilan économique du secteur des légumes transformes en Bretagne et analyse la compétitivité des entreprises bretonnes face aux entreprises françaises, belges et espagnoles, par le biais des structures industrielles, et des problèmes lies a l'approvisionnement. Le secteur breton dégage une forte valeur ajoutée et investit beaucoup. Cependant, la productivité du travail est en baisse, la production de légumes surgelés augmente moins vite qu'au niveau français et la présence des entreprises bretonnes semble insuffisante en terme d'investissements directs à l’étranger et de capacité exportatrice. L'analyse des conditions d'approvisionnement des industriels en matière première agricole montre l’originalité de la France ou les relations producteurs-transformateurs, pour les principaux légumes, sont fortement structurées dans un cadre professionnel. Une tentative de comparaison des coûts entrée-usine en Bretagne, Picardie, Belgique et Espagne met en évidence un cout plus élevé de la matière bretonne (pois, haricots, choux-fleurs) qui peut se justifier dans certains cas par une qualité supérieure

Bionomie et développement de Dendroctonus micans Kug (Col Scolytidae) dans le Massif central

Des observations ont été menées de 1976 à 1983 sur la bionomie et le développement de Dendroctonus micans Kug (Col Scolytidae) sur Picea excelsa Link dans le Massif central à environ 1 400 m d'altitude. Les émergences d'adultes sont très échelonnées au cours de l'été et à dates variables selon les années. Il en résulte un échelonnement des pontes, une variabilité considérable, de 13 à 22-23 mois environ, de la durée du développement, et le fait qu'à presque toute époque de l'année sont représentées dans un même peuplement de très nombreux stades de l'insecte, et ce sans aucune homologie d'année en année à époques semblables.Bionomics and the development of Dendroctonus micans Kug in the Massif central. The bionomics and development of Dendroctonus micans Kug (Col Scolytidae) on Picea excelsa Link were observed by laboratory rearing attempts using an artificial (meridic) diet and a natural medium (spruce trunks, table I). Observations were also made between 1976 and 1983 in the French Massif Central in a stand at an elevation of about 1 400 m. With the artificial diet it was impossible to obtain the entire development from egg to adult. However, development from the 4th or 5th larval instar to adults was possible. This gives virgin females for rearing attempts on natural medium. Virgin females are unable to bore a normal gallery system. Observations of natural conditions were made on the day of the attacks by periodic marking of bore, and by monthly observations on the demographic composition of the insect populations. Fertilization occurs in the native gallery. The emergence of the adults may occur at variable periods in the year. For example, the first attacks were observed at end of April in 1978, mid-June in 1976, and mid-September in 1980 (fig 1 b). Females alone could bore a new system without contribution of the males. Emergence was also greatly spaced out (95 d in laboratory conditions and about 4-5 months in natural conditions, table II). This results in a spacing out of the oviposition, and a considerable variability of the development duration: about 13-22.23 months in natural conditions. This is because the insects issued from late-layed eggs are subject to 2 hibernating periods. This also results in the fact that many stages of the insects are present in a same stand all year round, without homology between years, as indicated by observations on the demographic composition of the population (fig 1)

AGRIF: Adaptive Grid Refinement in Fortran

International audienceAdaptive grid refinement in Fortran (AGRIF) is a Fortran90 package for the integration of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) features within existing finite difference codes. The package first provides model-independent Fortran90 procedures containing the different operations in an AMR process: time integration of grid hierarchy, clustering, interpolations, updates, etc. The package then creates the Fortran90 model-dependent part of the code based on an entry file written by the user. The basic idea of AGRIF is to make use of Fortran90 pointers to successively address the variables of the different grids of an AMR process. As pointers can be used exactly like other (static) variables in Fortran, most of the original code will remain unchanged

Past attacks influence host selection by the solitary bark beetle Dendroctonus micans

SCOPUS: ar.jFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe